• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.43-66
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• 2005

Object : This study was designed to asses the protective effects of Kunneo tang on cognitive decline of the patients with early DAT. Method : Before administered with Kunneotang, 16 patients with early DAT were measured by auditory ERP, MMSE-K and K-DRS. During 12 months the patients with early DAT were administered with Kunneotang. After 12months the patients were measured by the same examinations again. Result : 1. The total score of MMSE-K decreased but it was not significant. 2. The total score of K-DRS increased but it was not significant. Among the five criteria(attention, memory, initiation/perseveration, construction, conceptualization), Initiation/perseveration score signifcantly decreased and there were no significant differences in the other scores. But, memory mean score had a tendency to increase. 3. The latency of ERP P300 component increased but it was not significant and the amplitude of ERP P300 component showed the significant difference. Conclusion : The results suggest that Kunneotang may have protective effects on cognitive decline in the patients with early DAT.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.115-124
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• 2010

In the beginning brain waves were used for monkeys to control robot arm with neural activity. In recent years there are research that measured brain waves are used for the control of programs which monitor the progression of dementia or enhance of attention in children diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Moreover, low-price devices that can be used as a game control interface have become available. One of the problems associated with control using brain waves is that the mean amplitude, mean wavelength, and mean vibrational frequency of the brain waves differ from individual to individual. This paper attempts to propose a method to normalize measured brain waves using normal distribution and calculate the waveforms that can be used in controlling games. For this, a framework in which brain waves are converted in seven stages has been suggested. In addition, the estimation process in each stage has been described. In an experiment the waveforms of two subjects have been compared using the proposed method in the BCI English word learning program. The level of similarity between two subjects' waveforms has been compared with correlation coefficient. When the proposed method was applied, both meditation and concentration increased by 13% and 8%, respectively. Because the proposed regularization method is converted into a waveform fit for control functions by reducing personal characteristics reflected in the brain waves, it is fitting for application programs such as games.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.1-26
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• 2001

국가 보건의료체계(health care system)가 올바르게 기능하기 위해서는 의료체계를 구성하는 각 요소들간의 유기적인 상호 작용이 대단히 중요하다. 정보체계는 이러한 유기적인 상호 작용을 위해 보건의료체계의 각 영역에서 꼭 필요한 시스템이다. 보건의료 서비스를 효율적으로 생산하기 위해서 투입하는 자원의 개발과 배치 체계는 물론 생산된 보건의료 서비스를 소비자가 효과적으로 이용할 수 있도록 하는 서비스 전달체계(delivery system)의 전과정에서 보건의료정보체계는 중요한 인프라가 되고 있다. 정보체계는 궁극적으로 보건의료체계가 지향하는 목적을 달성할 수 있도록 짜여져야 한다. 다시 말해, 의료체계의 각 하부영역에서 의료이용의 접근성(accessibility), 형평성(equity), 서비스의 의과학적 질(scientific technical quality), 포괄성(comprehensiveness) 등 보건의료체계가 추구하는 가치를 정보체계에서도 그대로 담아 낼 수 있어야 한다. 또한 정보체계를 구축하기 위한 요건으로 각 사업 영역별 표준화, 사업 영역간의 상호관계, 공공과 민간의 역할 분담, 정보 관련 시선과 인력, 정보기술 등의 인프라, 각 사업 영역별 정보화에서 담아야 할 정보 내용(contents, DB) 등에 대한 사전 기획이 수립되어야 한다. 그 동안 보건의료분야의 정보화사업은 1996년부터 보건소기관의 행정, 진료, 보건 업무지원을 위한 보건소정보화사업과, 1995년부터 초고속공공응용서비스 사업의 일환으로 추진해 온 전염병, 혈액유통, 장기이식, 외래진료예약, 원격진료, 응급의료, 원격치매진료 시스템 구축사업 등이 있으며, 응급의료, 혈액관리, 장기이식, 전염병정보, 외래진료예약시스템을 통합한 보건의료정보통합서비스시스템(1998년) 구축사업 등이 있었다. 이러한 사업들에 대해 현재 평가되고 있는 문제점들로는 정보화 사업에 대한 전략과 비젼이 부재한 상태에서 지나치게 정보기술 중심으로 추진되다 보니 보건의료 정보의 공유나 활용이 전혀 이루어지지 않거나 매우 제한적이었고, 시범사업의 경우는 초기 사업을 추진하기 위한 주체가 명확하지 않았고, 관련 인력의 훈련과 양성이 안 되었으며, 사업 확대를 위한 법적 기반의 취약, 정보화 사업이 부실한 데 대한 평가 기준과 대안 제시 등이 매우 취약한 것이 문제점으로 나타났다. 특히, 정보 내용과 DB 구축을 위한 표준화 등에 대한 사전 설계 부재는 개발된 정보시스템의 운영을 결정적으로 어렵게 만든 요인이 되고 있다. 전반적으로 기존의 정보화사업은 사업 추진을 위해서 꼭 필요한 비젼 수립, 비젼에 따른 목표 설정, 전략 개발, 관리체계 구축, 운영방안 수립 등 단계적인 정보화 계획이 부재한 것으로 평가되고 있어 보건의료정보체계 구축을 위한 종합 비젼 기획(ISP)이 시급한 실정이다.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.179-185
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• 2020

In this paper, we propose impact factors and validity of blood variables on death of COVID-19 patients. The clinical-epidemiological data of 5628 COVID-19 patients, provided from Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency as day of 30th April 2020, were used. As results, impact factors of death were dementia, older age, high lymphocyte, cancer, dyspnea, COPD, change of consciousness, heart disease, high platelets, abnormal diastolic pressure and fever. The validities of blood variables for death were high in the order of lymphocyte, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet and WBC. Therefore, risk factors such as initial clinical characteristics, underlying disease and blood test results, could be regarded for efficient management of COVID-19 patients.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.253-261
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• 2007

Lactadherin is a glycoprotein of human milk fat globule membrane that binds to mucin and butyrophilin forming the protein complex. Especially, mucin and lactadherin in human milk efficiently protect infants with poor immune functions right after birth from infections by microorganisms and play important roles for their early survival, growth and development. Lactadherin inhibits the propagation and growth of rotavirus that is a global pathogen causing infants' diarrhea. Recently this protein was known to promote neovascularization and its deficiency related to develop Alzheimer's disease. In this study, the basic biochemical and physiological aspects of lactadherin were investigated. Messenger RNAs were isolated from mammary tissues from Korean women patients to clone a 1.2 kb cDNA and sequenced its DNA to determine its amino acid sequences. The cDNA was cloned to express its 43 kD protein in E. coli, which was confirmed by Western blot. The recombinant protein was purified and injected to 2 rabbits to raise antibodies against it. The semi-purified milk fat globule membrane proteins from Korean women was analyzed by Western blot using the rabbit antibody to give 70, 55, 46, 30 kD bands. Also several polymorphism and SNPs of lactadherin gene from Korean women were observed compared with those of Caucasian women.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.71-78
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• 2022

Parkinson's disease (PD) is clinically characterized by a variety of motor and non-motor symptoms, including cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Integrating a large variety of symptoms into a small number of clinical subtypes could be valuable for appropriate and early therapeutic intervention. As a first step toward this aim, this study attempted to identify correlation patterns among motor, cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms in PD without dementia. One hundred four non-demented patients with PD underwent a comprehensive motor, neuropsychological, and neuropsychiatric assessments. Factor analysis was performed to identify correlation patterns among demographic, motor, cognitive and neuropsychiatric variables. The eight factors were extracted: 1 motor-related, 3 cognitive-related and 4 neuropsychiatric factors. We indentified that characteristics of correlation can have associated symptom pattern in the disease process of Parkinson's disease. The current results suggest that a broad range of motor and non-motor symptoms in PD may be reducible to a small number of clinical parameters, which may be useful for identifying clinical subtypes of PD for individual patients.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.16-23
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• 2020

Objectives: Sleep disturbance in the elderly is associated with cognitive decline. Sleep quality is known to deteriorate with age, and prospective studies seldom have examined the relationship between sleep quality and cognitive function. This study investigates the relationship between early sleep quality and cognitive function based on six-year follow-up data of community individuals older than 60 years. Methods: The participants included 622 community elderly people older than 60 years from Jinju-Si. The final analysis comprised 322 elderly people. Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and the Korean version of Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD-K) were used to assess early sleep quality and cognitive function after six years. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between early sleep quality and cognitive function in the elderly. Results: Early sleep quality (PSQI) was significantly associated with the results of the digit span test, clock drawing test (clox 1), and word recall test after six years. Sleep quality (PSQI) decreased significantly after six years, and lower quality of sleep (PSQI) score was associated with higher digit span test score (β = -0.167, p = 0.026) and higher clock drawing test score (β = -0.157, p = 0.031). Lower quality of sleep (PSQI) score was associated with higher word recall test (β = -0.140, p = 0.039). Conclusion: The digit span test, word recall test, and clock drawing task (CLOX 1) shown to be significantly associated to sleep quality can be performed fast and easily in clinical practice. It is important to assess early cognitive function in the elderly with poor sleep quality, and further studies could suggest that these tests may be useful screening tests for early dementia in elderly with poor sleep quality.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.112-118
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• 2018

Objectives : Delirium is one of the most common mental illnesses that can affect cognitive function. Melatonin has been shown to be effective in the treatment of insomnia, and recent studies have shown a protective effect to prevent delirium. This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of melatonin in delirium patients. Methods : All patients were referred to psychiatric department for insomnia and symptoms of delirium, and were diagnosed delirium by the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. We compared base line severity of delirium with K-DRS-R-98-R (Korean version of Delirium Rating Scale revised 98) and after taking 2mg of melatonin, retrospectively. The side effects were also identified by referring to the medical records. Results : A total 21 patients had taken melatonin for insomnia and delirious symptoms. The K-DRS-R-98 scores were decreased from $15.24{\pm}2.64$ before treatment to $6.57{\pm}5.42$ after treatment. And CGI-S scores were also decreased from $4.14{\pm}0.48$ before treatment to $2.81{\pm}0.93$ after treatment (p<0.05). Conclusions : This study illustrates the possibility of melatonin as an effective treatment option for delirious symptoms such as disorientation, motor agitation, lability of affect and hallucinations as well as insomnia, with less concerns of drug side effect. Further study with a larger sample and prospective design will be required to confirm these results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.5
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• pp.1124-1139
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• 2021

The objective assessment of atrophy and the measurement of brain volume is important in the early diagnosis of dementia and neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, several MR-based volumetry software have been developed. For their clinical application, several issues arise, including the standardization of image acquisition and their validation of software. Additionally, it is important to highlight the diagnostic performance of the volumetry software based on expert opinions. We instituted a task force within the Korean Society of Neuroradiology to develop guidelines for the clinical use of MR-based brain volumetry software. In this review, we introduce the commercially available software and compare their diagnostic performances. We suggest the need for a standard protocol for image acquisition, the validation of the software, and evaluations of the limitations of the software related to clinical practice. We present recommendations for the clinical applications of commercially available software for volumetry based on the expert opinions of the Korean Society of Neuroradiology.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.255-262
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• 2003

Objectives : We carried out tests for neurobehavior by using WHO-NCTB (neurobehavioral core test battery) and Perdue pegboard score test to identify differences between lacunar infarction cases and controls. Methods : Among the subjects who underwent MRI between February 2001 and March 2002 in a university hospital located in Seoul and who were diagnosed only as lacunar infarction without any intracranial disease, 46 patients were selected as cases (male: 21, female: 25). Controls were selected who had no cerebrovascular disease on MRI by matching age (5 years), gender, and education (2 years) in a ratio of 1:1 , Among WHO-NCTB, the following 5 tests and Perdue pegboard score test were used to categorize the study subjects: digit and symbol matching, simple reaction time, Benton visual retention, digit span, and Pursuit aiming test, Results : Among the above 6 tests of neurobehavior, lacunar infarction cases showed lower score than controls except for the simple reaction time test. As the controlling variables of multivariate analysis in the stepwise regression analysis, the followings were selected due to their significant association: age, education, BMI, gender, drinking, exercise, add systolic blood pressure. From multivariate regression analysis, there was significant difference (p<0.05) between lacunar infarction cases and controls in digit and symbol matching, Benton visual retention, digit span, pursuit aiming, and Perdue pegboard score test, but not in the score of simple reaction time test. Conclusions : We suggest that the above 5 tests for neurobehavior, with the exception of the simple reaction time test, might be used as the basis for recommendation of further treatment and other neurological tests by the earlier defection for neurological abnormality in lacunar infarction.