• 한국의류학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.930-942
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• 1996

This study was done to provide the characteristics of body surface changes at armhole area. Experiments were carried out at upper arm and upper body inchuding 67 items, 74 segments by the stanard posture and arm movements. The subjects were 15 females of twenty aged. The major conclusions of this study are; 1. On the circumference items of upper arm, armhole circumference was decreased by all arm movement, especially high contracted on front armhole line. The most contracted segments of armhole circumference were from the shonlder point to front and back interscye breadth point. Axillary circumference was increased 5 cm to the utmost, so the function of sleeve pattern would be decided by axillary circumference. 2. The lengths of upper arm were decreased near center line, sleeve cap length was contracted 3∼4 cm. Posterior armpit point area was increased both length and breadth. According to the rates of expansion and contraction, the diagram of expansion and contraction of upper arm was suggested. 3. On upper body, back side chest breadth was increased exceedingly and shoulder length was decreased most. It was apparent that surface changes of upper body were greatly larger as far away from center front and center back line. The rates of expansion and contraction of upper body were also represented as a diagram of surface changes.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.63-77
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• 1992

The purpose of this study is to improve clothing construction by analyzing form variation of upper trunk & upper arms with the use of plaster cast. Experimental research was performed by plaster gypsum method. The subjects were males between age 21 and 25, classified Standard somatotype by their bust size and Rorher Index. Arm movements were consisted of 5 types(0$^{\circ}$, 45$^{\circ}$, 90$^{\circ}$, 135$^{\circ}$, 180$^{\circ}$) to each vertical motion in front. The statistical analyses used in this study were mean, standard deviation, repeated mesure design. The result obtained from this study were as follows; 1. As a result of investigating into the rate of the expantion and contraction of basic body-surfact-lines, the side seam length showed the maxium rate of expantion in 180$^{\circ}$ degrees, the shoulder length showed the maxium contraction in the same degrees. 2. The variation of the upper part of the body form by increasing the upper limb motions, shoulder point was moved to be the inside or upside. And the anterior armfit point, posterior armfit point and armfit point were moved to upside. The form of the armhole-line in Drafts of a body surface was differently changed by increasing the movements. 3. Increasing the upper limb motions, the height of sleeve cap decresed and width of the sleeve decreased but girths of the sleeve cap was not show consistant change.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1049-1060
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to develop a shirt pattern that enhances the functionality of golf swing motions. The pattern was made with 3D body surface shape data that changed according to dynamic golf postures. The data were collected from the golf swing motions. The 3D body surface data in golf swing postures piled up on the 3D surface data in a static posture. The results showed that the surface shape data changed more in the address, back swing, and finish postures than the other swing postures. The experimental pattern was developed with 3D surface scan data in those three golf swing motions. The pattern had raglan sleeves and the front-bodied piece was divided into two pieces with a princess line, which comes from armscye line of the address posture. The back bodice piece was divided into three pieces with a yoke line and a back princess line. The yoke line was made by back shoulder shape in the back swing posture. The level of comfort of the experimental garment and commercial golf shirts was evaluated by 38 women golfers. The experimental garment pattern was evaluated to be more comfortable in golf swing postures than commercial golf shirts.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.1-13
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• 1988

The purpose of this study was to classify somatotype of males, to show changes of the body skin surface by the somatotype. The size of sample was 156 males between age 20 and 24. Somatotype classified into Bending somatotype, Standard somatotype, Turning over somatotype. And according to the somatotype, changing of the upper part of the body by the arm movements analyzed through gypsum experiment. The result obtained from this study were as follows; 1. the variation of the upper part of the body form by changing the am movements, by the increasing of movements, shoulder-point ws moved to be inside or upside, the anterior armpit point & armpit point were moved to the upside. 2. As a result of investigating into the rate of the expansion and contraction of the basic lines and body surface area by the arm movements, the rate of expansion and contraction of the basic lines by the arm movements, the side sea length showed the maximum rate of extension in 135 degrees, the shoulder length showed the maximum rate of contraction in 135 degrees. The rate of expansion and contraction on the body surface area by the arm movements showed the phenomenon of contraction, of items F1, F6, B1, B9 showed the phenomenon of extension, of items F3, F4, F8, F9, B8, B9. 3. According to somatotypes, items which show the significant difference were, of items f3, f8, b3, b8, F2, F7, F8, B3, B7, in all movements.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.147-168
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• 2003

This study is about the relationship between the effect of Radiating Qui Therapy on human body and the resulting subjective qui sensation. Patients were between 30 and 50 years of age. n=21 persons received DITI (n=14 patients were provided, n=9 control group) twice examination with Radiating Qui Therapy. First all patients were examined by DITI. After treatment with Radiating Qui Therapy (n=14) both the treated and the control groups were eaxmined again. Radiating Qui Therapy is provided upright position. After Radiating Qui Therapy 92% of the treated group felt a significant qui sensation and 43.5 % felt a warmth at the abdomen and over the whole body. A data of this study show Radiating Qui Therapy has s stimulating effect on human skin temperature. As disease region and Qui sensation are very closely related to each other results strongly suggest that Radiating Qui Therapy could be used as a treatment for a several disease.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.55-65
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• 2007

Qi intention. Temperature variations on the outer skin above measured at acupuncture points, PC8, LI4, and ST7. Results : The change of temperature in PC8 of the Qigong trainees were significantly higher than that of non-trainees ($0.97{\pm}0.20$ vs. $0.45{\pm}0.10$ respectively, p< 0.05 ). The change of temperature of the other acupoints areas was not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions : Qi intention resulted in temperature change at the outer skin on the specific acupoints.

• 복식
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• 제56권7호
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• pp.33-45
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• 2006

This study was to provide the fundamental data for a scientific and rational clothing construction by investigating the length variation of the upper arm surface, using the method of surgical tape, and to understand the expansion and contraction of parts of body for the making of clothing adaptable to movement. The subjects were li early elementary schoolgirls in Busan area classified with three somatotypes, and arm-movements consisted of 6 types. The statistical analyses used in this study were mean, standard deviation and the ANOVA and LSD procedure. The results of the analysis of the length of the upper arm surface are as follows: By arm-movements, in the items of horizontal, upper arm length changed more in the front than in the back, and in the items of vertical, represented the opposite of horizontal items. In the items of upper arm, the anterior-posterior axilla length and under arm length were influenced by arm-movements, and the under length of the upper arm represented the maximum rate increase of 74.59%(3.20cm)$\sim$138.72%(4.28cm). In the somatotypes of early elementary schoolgirls, type II was more influenced by arm-movements, and for the making of clothing adaptable to movement, type III needed to reflect more surplus length(2cm) than the other types.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1039-1049
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• 2015

The increase in the need for a 24 hour monitoring of biological signals has been accompanied by an increasing interest in wearable systems that can register ECG at any time and place. ECG-monitoring clothing is a wearable system that records heart function continuously, but there have been difficulties in making accurate measurements due to motion artifacts. Although various factors may cause noise in measurements due to motion, the variations in the body surface and clothing during movements that cause eventual the shifting and displacement of the electrodes is particularly noteworthy. Therefore, this study used biomedical body mapping and a motion-capture system to measure and analyze the changes in the body surface and garment during movements. It was deduced that the area where the friction and separation between the garment and skin is the lowest would be the appropriate location to place the ECG electrodes. For this study, 5 male and 5 female in their 20s were selected as subjects, and through their selected body movements, the changes in the garment and skin were analyzed using the motion-capture system. As a result, the area below the chest circumference and the area below the shoulder blades were proposed as the optimal location of electrode for ECG monitoring.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.41-56
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• 2005

실험실내 생활사를 통하여 획득한 만손열두조충의 각 발육단계별 유충 및 성충의 표피미세구조를 주사 및 투과전자현미경으로 관찰하고자 하였다. 주사전자현미경 관찰에서 섬모유충은 타원형이었고 체표면에 직경이 약 $0.2{\mu}m$인 섬모, 작은 결절 및 좁쌀모양의 돌기 등이 밀생하고 있었으며 직경 약 $0.2{\mu}m$인 구멍이 드물게 분포하였다. 원미충의 전단에는 가시모양 미세모가 밀생하였고 체부위 체표면에는 끝이 약간 구부러진 긴 쐐기형 미세모가 밀생하였으며 꼬리혹에는 둔단의 짧은 미세모가 분포하였다. 실험감염 올챙이에서 감염 후 3일에 회수한 충미충은 성숙한 원미충과 형태가 유사하였고 전단홈에는 억센 가시모양의 미세모가 밀생해 있었다. 감염 5일된 충미충의 전단홈에는 3일된 충체에서 관찰되었던 가시모양 미세모는 없었고 체부위에서 관찰되는 것과 동일한 미세모가 분포하였다. 성숙한 충미충의 체표면에는 원추형의 미세모가 밀생해 있었는데 전반부에 분포하는 것이 후반부의 것보다 약간 억센 모양이었다. 성충의 두절에는 긴 섬모상의 미세모와 짧고 억센 모양의 미세모가 혼재되어 있었으며 섬유상 미세모의 밀도는 두절의 중간부위보다 전반부에서 높았다. 경절과 미성숙 편절에는 짧고 억센 원추형의 미세모가 밀생해 있었다. 투과전자현미경 관찰에서 섬모유충은 배막과 육구유충이 명백히 나누어져 있었고 배막에는 무수히 많은 섬모와 글리코겐 입자, 사립체 및 지질과립 등이 분포하였다. 섬모는 9쌍의 미세소관과 2개의 중심복합체로 구성되어 있었고 육구유충은 얇고 표면이 매끈한 표피로 덮여 있었으며 다핵성 구조이었다. 원미충 및 충미충의 표피는 송곳 모양의 미세모가 포함되어 있는 원형질막과 합포체, 기저층 및 근육층으로 이루어져 있었고 합포체에는 수 많은 원반모양체와 공포 및 사립체 등이 분포하였다. 실질층에서는 배설관과 표피세포가 관찰되었으며 표피세포는 핵 주위에 무수히 많은 과립형질내세망과 분비과립 등을 내포하고 있었다. 이상의 결과로 만손열두조충의 표피미세구조가 발육단계에 따라 변화하면서 특징적인 소견을 나타냄을 확인하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.279-288
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• 1986

줄넘기 운동의 신체 단련 효과를 측정하기 위하여 사병 9명에게 9주동안 규칙적으로 줄넘기 운동을 시킨 후 체격, 심폐기능, 혈액화학적인 변화를 관찰, 단련전과 비교하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 효과를 검사하기 위해 부하한 운동은 트레드밀 달리기 운동이었다. 1) 단련에 의해 몸무게, 체표넓이, 피부두겹두께 및 총지방량이 유의하게 감소하였다. 2) 안정시 폐기능검사 값 중 최대환기능과 노력성 호기유속 25%가 단련후에 유의하게 증가하였다. 3) 심장박동수는 단련에 의해 안정시와 운동시, 회복기 전 시간대를 통해 매우 유의하게 증가하였다. 4) 단련으로 수축기 동맥혈압은 안정시와 회복기 전 시간대에서 거의 유의하게 감소한 반면, 이완기 동맥혈압은 회복기 전체를 통해 유의하게 증가하였다. 5) 안정시와회복기의 호흡회수는 단련에 의해 변화가 없었다. 6) 안정시와 회복 초기의 혈중 총 콜레스테롤 농도는 단련 후에 유의하게 감소하였지만 혈당, HDL-콜레스테롤 농도는 약간의감소에 그쳤다. 7) 단련전에 비해 단련후의 혈중 젖산 농도는 회복기에 대체로 감소하엿고 20분과 60분 값의 감소는 뚜렷하였다. 이상의 결과로 보아 9주 동안의 규칙적인 줄넘기 운동으로 체내 지방이 감소하고 순환기계 기능에 뚜렷한 향상을 가져오며 혈액화학적인 변화가 생긴다고 할 수 있겠다.