• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.109-119
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• 1987

This Study was conducted to provide fundamental data necessary for the improvement of milk quality. Milk quality was evaluated by 3 methods; milk fat percent measurement, methylene blue reduction test (MBRT), and somatic cell count measurement. At the same time, condition of hygienic management of dairy facilities and cows was investigated in each of 234 dairy farms located in Gyunggi area from May, 1986 to April, 1987. The results were as follows 1. Average milk fat percents among farms were 3.67%, 3.64%, 3.43%, 3.48% in January, April, July and October, respectively. The diUerences of milk fat percent from month to month were statistically significant (p<0.005). and the seasonal average was 3.56%. 2. Numbers of farms which produced bulk milk of first grade by MBRT were 153(65.4%), 157(67.1%), 76(32.5%) and 141(60.2%) in January, April, July and October, respectively. The diUerences among months were statistically significant (p<0.005). Also, significant diUerences of grade by milking quantity (p<0.05), presence of milk cooler (p<0.01), and collection means (p<0.05) were demonstrated. 3. Number8 of farms which produced bulk milk of fir8t grade in somatic cell count measurement were 227(97.0%), 226(96.6%), 218(93.2%) and 223(95.3%) in January, April, July and October, respectively. And diUerences of grade by the pratice of teat dipping, dry cow therapy and manner in which udder washing towel was used statisticaJJy 8ignificant (p<0.01).

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1998

This study describes the effect of the growth regulators such as 2,L-D and BA, on the structural abnormalities of somatic embryos derived from leaf explants of Angelica gigas Nakai, Also, the relationship between the cotyledon number of a somatic embryo and its germinability is explored. Embryogenic calli were selected from calli formed on explants cultured on MS solid basal medium supplemented with 0.5mg/L 2,4-D, 1mg/L 2,4-D, 1mg/L plus 0.1mg/L BA, and 1 mg/L 2,4-D plus 0.5mg/L BA. Cotyledonary abnormalities were observed in somatic embryos which were developed from embryogenic calli cultured on MS medium containing 1mg/L 2,4-D for 8 weeks and then subcultured on 2,4-D free MS medium for 3 weeks. The frequency of abnormalities was as follows: 22.8% one cotyledon, 42.5% two cotyledons, 16.8% three cotyledons, 7.8% four cotyledons, 1.8% five cotyledons, and 8.2% jar shaped cotyledon. In addition, ABA treatment indicated an improvement of the somatic embryo with normal cotyledon (65.3%). ABA was important role to the high production of normal somatic embryos. Two cotyledon embryos showed germinability 77.8%. However the germinability of somatic embryos with anomalous cotyledons was prominently low: One cotyledon, 62.5%; three cotyledons, 43.3%; four cotyledons, 60%; five cotyledons, 50% and jar shaped cotyledon, zero%. Thus, germinability was essentially, inversely proportional to cotyledon number.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.297-302
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• 2006

In general, the proliferation of orchids via somatic embryos has been used for mass production of somatic clones because of high propagation efficiency. In spite of high propagation rate, this method often brings somaclonal variation, especially polyploid frequency. Therefor we here concentrated to investigate the relationship between endopolyploidization patterns of explants and the occurrence of tetraploid variant in clonally proliferated Doritaenopsis via somatic embryo regeneration system. In the fully developed somatic embryo, upper part contained 2C to 16C while middle and lower parts showed 2C to 32C DNA content. Two-week-old embryo contained 2C to 16C, whereas those regenerated after 4 to 10-week-old contained 2C to 64C nuclei. Results showed that endoreduplication was variable depending upon tissue types, ages, and parts in one species. lower part of somatic embryo having high endoreduplication degree increased the regeneration of tetraploid variants by about 3-fold comparing to upper part of somatic embryo culture. polyploid frequency occurrence might be closely related to the high levels of endoreduplication of somatic embryos used as explant. It suggested that the upper part of somatic embryo having comparatively low endoreduplication degree is suitable for the stable in vitro propagation system.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.211-215
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• 1995

병풀(Centella asiatica)의 엽병 조직절편에서 유도된 배발생 캘러스로부터 체세포배 발생에 의하여 소식물체의 재분화를 이루었다. 엽병 조직절편을 1mg/L 2,4-D와 1mg/L kinetin이 조합 처리된 MS 기본배지에 치상하여 85%의 효율로 배발생 캘러스를 유도할 수 있었으며 이와 같은 배발생 캘러스를 5mg/L NAA와 1mg/L kinetin이 첨가된 배지로 옮겼을 때 체세포배의 형성은 87%까지 이루어졌다. 체세포배는 기본배지의 농도를 절반으로 줄이고 0.2 mg/L NAA와 0.2 mg/L kinetin이 첨가된 배지조건에서 기관분화를 거쳐 소식물체로 재분화되었다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.1
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• pp.127-133
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• 2008

This study was conducted to establish the optimal condition for plant regeneration and acclimatization from somatic embryos of Panax ginseng. Cotyledon segments of Panax ginseng produced primary and secondary somatic embryos when cultured on MS and WPM media supplemented with 7% sucrose. To induce plantlet conversion, cotyledonary somatic embryos were cultured on WPM solid medium with $GA_3$ at various concentrations (1~30 mg/L) for 4 weeks. Plantlets were transferred to 1/2 WPM solid medium with $GA_3$ at various concentrations (0~5 mg/L) and 0.5% activated charcoal for shoot and root elongations. Elongated plantlets further developed into well-developed leaf and root system on 1/3 SH medium with 0.5% activated charcoal under ventilation condition for 5 months. The highest survival rate to soil was 75% when plantlets were regenerated on 1/3 SH medium without sucrose under ventilation condition.

• 월간낙농육우
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• v.26 no.7 s.291
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• pp.152-157
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• 2006

하절기에는 이등유에 의한 납유정지. 서균수 및 체세포수의 증가에 따른 위생등급 하락. 0.2% 정도의 유지율 저하 및 10% 이상의 산유랑 감소에 의하여 일년 중 유대 수입이 가장 적은 계절이다. 이러한 유질저하 및 산유량 감소에 따른 경제적 손실은 목장 규모 및 사양관리수준에 의해서 수십만원에서부터 수백만원에 이르기까지 매우 다양하다. 그래서 낙농가에 있어서는 가장 힘든 계절이다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the milk quality produced from dairy farms in Jeju province and to analyze the variety of pathogenes and the number of somatic cells in the milk. Data were collected from 262 lactating cows from 8 farms of three regions and the results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. The average daily milk yields and milk fat contents from June and October were 22.3 kg and 3.7%, respectively. 2. The average number of bacterial counts in raw milk was 1.5${\times}10^4$/ml, but that in farm A was over 3.0${\times}10^4$/ml. 3. The somatic cell counts were 2.5${\times}10^5$/ml in average and those in farm G and H were higher than those in other farms. Their distribution in 262 lactating cows from June to October was as follows; less than 2.0${\times}10^4$ /ml in 68.8% of cows, 2.0-5.0${\times}10^4$/ml in 18.8% of cows and more than 5.0${\times}10^4$/ml in 12.4% of cows. 4. Of the 113 isolates (compartments of cow udder) from mastitic milk, Staphylococcus aureus was found in 47, Streptococcus ogalatiae in 17 and Bacillus in 12. 5. The average monthly income of the farmers was 407 thousand won/head, and that in farm A or E was higher than that of farm H (456-475 thousand won vs. 314 thousand won) In conclusion, to improve income dairy farmers should reduce the somatic cell counts in the milk and mastitis infection through regular disinfection and inspection.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.247-253
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• 2009

Somatic chromosome numbers for 20 taxa of Korean Artemisia L. were investigated for the purpose of classification. Somatic chromosome numbers of treated taxa were 2n = 16, 18, 34, 36, 50, 52, 54, and therefore their basic chromosome numbers were x = 8, 9, 10, 13, 17. The chromosome number of A. japonica var. angustissima is being reported for the first time in this study. The chromosome numbers of 13 taxa were the same as in previous reports; A. capillaris (2n = 18), A. japonica var. hallaisanensis (2n = 36), A. japonica subsp. littoricola (2n = 36), A. annua (2n = 18), A. carvifolia (2n = 18), A. fukudo (2n = 16), A. keiskeana (2n = 18), A. stolonifera (2n = 36), A. sylvatica(2n = 16), A. selengensis (2n = 36), A. montana (2n = 52), A. lancea (2n = 16), A. sieversiana (2n = 18); however, the chromosome numbers of 6 taxa were different; A. japonica var. japonica (2n = 18, 36 vs 2n = 36), A. sacrorum (2n = 18, 54 vs 2n = 54), A. rubripes (2n = 16, 34 vs 2n = 16), A. indica (2n = 34, 36 vs 2n = 34), A. codonocephala (2n = 18, 50, 54 vs 2n = 50), A. argyi (2n = 34, 36, 50 vs 2n =34). The somatic chromosome numbers of Korean Artemisia are thought to be good characteristics for classifying some taxa such as A. japonica var. japonica, A. sacrorum, A. codonocephala, A. argyi, A. montana, A. sylvatica.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2006

This experiment was performed to identify the improvement of raw milk quality after introducing raw milk grading system(1993, June). The purpose of this experiment was to investigate chemical component and microbiological quality of raw milk in jeju. This experiment made it possible to spread high standard of quality of raw milk or milk product including yoghurt, ice cream etc., and to provide dairy industry information for the construction of Jeju international free city master plan. As a result, automatic milking system is improved a lot after introducing raw milk grading system and sustained good condition compared with other provinces. High ratio was shown dairy farm in jeju for pre-milking, pre-cooling system equipment and self laboring. Otherwise, the ratio of dairy farm doing test of mastitis is low. The ratio of first grade distribution in Jeju is 80.64%, which means that was improved before introducing raw milk grading system. The number of somatic cells found in summer more than that of other seasons in raw milk. However, these data is a little higher than the nation wide data medium. Also, general components, annual lipid ratio is 3.90% that improved compared with before introducing raw milk grading system. These data showed low in summer and similar to nation wide.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.77-81
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• 1995

When cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L NAA alone or 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/L BA, immature zygotic embryos of Stewartia koreana formed embryogenic calli and somatic embryos. In investigate effect of sucrose concentration on somatic embryo development, embryogenic calli were transferred to MS basal medium containing 1.5,3, 6 or 9% sucrose. The greatest frequency of somatic embryos was obtained on medium containing 6% sucrose. However addition of 1.5 or 9% sucrose to medium inhibited somatic embryo germination and development into normal plantlet After 5 weeks of hardening culture on medium containing 6% sucrose, somatic embryos were transferred to half strangth MS medium supplemented with 0.1% charcol, wherein these embryo developed into the normal plantlets.