• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.49-57
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• 2021

The purpose of this paper is to examine the editions of 'Jeokcheonsu', the best Myoungri Classic in name and reality, that was featuring dozens of annotations and interpretations from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, and modern times. The original author of 'Jeokcheonsu' was Gyeongdo of the Song Dynasty, firstly annotated by Yugi of the late Yuan Dynasty to Early Ming Dynasty, and Im Cheolcho of the Qing Dynasty annotated again. However, several observations in the original text suggest that the author's period of writing is postulated since the middle of the Ming Dynasty, and if the book is not likely to belong to the Song Dynasty, the author is also unlikely to be Gyeongdo of the Song Dynasty. Besides, if you look at the statements of Jin Soam and Jeong Jiwoon, who published the early editions of 'Jeokcheonsu', there are many negative opinions about the usual author recognition. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the four existing editions of 'Jeokcheonsu', 'Jeokcheonsu-Jibyo' edited and published by Jin Soam, 'Myeongri Suji Jeokcheonsu' revised by Jeong Jiwoon, 'Jeokcheonsu-Cheonmi' annotated by Im Cheolcho, and 'Jeokcheonsu-Jingui' edited and published by Seo Rako. It is hoped that this study will help us understand 'Jeokcheonsu' more deeply and help us with related research, such as comparative studies of annotations in the future.

• Journal of Ginseng Culture
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• v.5
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• pp.1-20
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• 2023

In 1749, during an incident near the Tumen River in Hunchun, six people, all Qing ginseng pickers, were killed by seven Korean soldiers from the Chosŏn garrison. The Chosŏn soldiers encountered the ginseng pickers on the border and agreed to exchange goods, but when they failed to receive the proper price for rice, the soldiers became angry and decided to attack the Qing ginseng pickers. The seven Korean criminals were executed a year and a half after the incident. The whole process regarding the arrest and investigation of the criminals, as well as the official exchanges between the Qing and Chosŏn governments, were recorded in detail in the Chosŏn document written in Chinese and the Qing documents written in Manchu. In dealing with this murder case, the Qing local officials focused on identifying the murdered victims, clarifying the victims' responsibilities, and disposing of their remaining belongings. On the other hand, the Chosŏn government focused on providing reports quickly to the Qing officials about the investigation of the criminals. In doing so, it tried to reduce the risk of any possible problems that the murder case on the border could cause in its relations with the Qing government. The relevant records on this murder case show various aspects of the Qing and Chosŏn relations, including the contacts between the people along the Tumen River, border trespassing, material exchanges, rules about ginseng picking, and border patrols. This case also reveals that the Qing and Chosŏn people from various classes had different relationships depending on their respective interests.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.8 no.2 s.19
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• pp.47-58
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to analyze the historical and environmental background of the straight-line-shaped plan emerged in northeast region of China during the Qing dynasty. This raper is mainly based on the writings in Yeon-haeng-rok. The results are summarized as follows: First the necessity of a lot of sunshine due to the cold climate in that region made the people select the plan that rooms to be added side by side. Second, it was not necessary to build the house with non-straight-line-shaped plan due to the reason that the northeast region of China is so vast and the size of the house lot was not limited. Third, the condition of family income somewhat affect the shape of plan to be straight-line-shaped, which is much economical to construct a house than other shape of plan. Fourth, the way of living of the people in that region during the Qing dynasty made the house plan straight-line-shaped which is convenient to sit either on the floor or on the chair within a room. Fifth, straight-line-shaped plan became an adequate means to represent the hierarchy of the use of inner space of a house and eventually became an architectural norm of this region.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.155-163
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• 2015

In dyeing cotton fabric with the Indigo Pulverata Levis, this research examined the effect of the sodium dithionite($Na_2S_2O_4$). For the separation of the Indigo-calcium hydroxide complex in the alkaline solution of the Indigo Pulverata Levis, the reduction with the $Na_2S_2O_4$ at $25^{\circ}C$ was more effective than the solution boiling. The concentration of Indigo in the cotton fabric increased with the increase of Indigo Pulverata Levis, but the concentration of indirubin did not increase particularly. The optimum temperature for the reduction was $60^{\circ}C$, and K/S value of dyed fabric decreased at over $60^{\circ}C$. The concentration of indigo and indirubin in the cotton fabric decreased as $Na_2S_2O_4$ concentration increased. In treating cotton fabric dyed with the Indigo Pulverata Levis by the $Na_2S_2O_4$, the concentration of indirubin decreased and the surface color of dyed cotton changed from purple blue to blue while the treatment temperature was getting higher.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.421-426
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• 2006

Objective To learn if there were different characteristics of tongue demonstration between diseases caused by exogenous pathogenic factor and disorder of internal organs. Methods Choosing 3059 cases from 51 medical records of Qing Dynasty, in which 1397 cases were diagnosed as diseases caused by exogenous pathogenic factor and 1110 were disorder of internal organs. Contrasting the constituent ratio of tongue demonstration using chi-square test. Results There were significant deviation between diseases caused by exogenous pathogenic factor and disorder of internal organs in color of tongue, color of fur and quality of fur (p<0.01). Conclusions the characteristics of tongue demonstration in diseases caused by exogenous pathogenic factor were high frequency of bright red tongue, yellow fur, blank fur and dry fur; and which in disorder of internal organs were high frequency of white tongue, thin fur, greasy fur and exfoliative fur.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.79-99
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• 2007

Basic summary of the medical administration : Due to Qing dynasty being the last of the dynastic era, it revealed overall extreme political traits in politics, economy, phenomenon, and cultural aspects. Few emperors of the early Qing dynasty adopted appeasement policy that mitigated ironies to a certain extent and showed growth in various business related fields. Even the medical administration had freshness during that period. United medical administrative system was generally formed, chicken pox was effectively prevented, shamanistic treatment was banned, medical journals were complied by the government, medical relief was more intensely done. However, actions on restoring Ming dynasty and against Qing dynasty as well as the reform power grew against Qing government threatening it. The drastically grown forces from the western region damaged Qing dynasty that the governors had to adopt despotic measures in politics, economy and culture. Social chaos began to arise, economy stagnated and weakened that the medical field also dwindled to the point where it could not be restored to the original point. The era of Qing dynasty was the period that had scientific culture at its fast growing pace, but for Chinese medicine, by contrary, due to autocracy and other factors, was faced with barriers in the medical development.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.321-329
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• 2004

These days as the average span of man's life increases, the patients of senile dementia also increase. In oriental medicine, the study of dementia developed during the Ming and Qing eras. So I investigated medical books on those eras, as a result, the following conclusion was drawn. 1. ZhangJingYue of the Ming era considered the cause of dementia to be emotional problems, he observed a delirium, abnormal actions, sweating loss and depression in the dementia patients and he prescribed 'BokManJeon', 'ChilBokYem' and 'DaeBoWonJeon'. 2. ChenShiZe of the Ming&Qing era considered the cause of dementia to be a dejection of liver energy, a weakness of stomach energy and phlegm, he described many symptoms and he prescribed 'SeSimTang' and 'ChukBoSunDan'. 3. WangQingRen of the Qing era considered amnesia caused by abnormal brain function, this fact is similar to Western Medicine.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.249-266
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• 2015

The sauce and paste, which is collectively called as 'jang' in Korean is the staple seasoning of Korean cuisine. Although China shares some aspects of the Jang (醬), the exact types and forms are different. In this study, we explore the current Korean jang through the six culinary books- "Seongwonlog (醒園錄)", "Yangsolog (養小錄)", "Jojeongjip (調鼎集)", "Susiggeeumsigbo (隨息居飮食譜)", "Junggwerok (中饋錄)", and "Sosigseolyag (素食說略)" from the Qing Dynasty of China. The Jang of Qing Dynasty are further classified into the Chumjang (甛醬), Dusi (豆豆支), Chungjang (淸醬), and jangyou (醬油). To make these four types, the huangzi (黃子) has to be first made from the flour or beans, after which salt is added and sun-dried. Chumjang is the type of Chunjang used to make Zhajiangmian and is widely used in the Northern part of China. Like Chumjang, Dusi is made from flour and beans. Salt as well as various spices like Star anise, Chinese pepper and sesame are added. This type of paste is widely used in the Southern part of China. Chungjang is made when salt and water are added and sun-dried, after which it is filtered through an apparatus called Jangyou. The final product is sauce similar to today's soybean sauce.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.10
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• pp.98-118
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• 2008

Basic summary of the medical administration : Due to Qing dynasty being the last of the dynastic era, it revealed overall extreme political traits in politics, economy, phenomenon, and cultural aspects. Few emperors of the early Qing dynasty adopted appeasement policy that mitigated ironies to a certain extent and showed growth in various business related fields. Even the medical administration had freshness during that period. United medical administrative system was generally formed, chicken pox was effectively prevented, shamanistic treatment was banned, medical journals were complied by the government, medical relief was more intensely done. However, actions on restoring Ming dynasty and against Qing dynasty as well as the reform power grew against Qing government threatening it. The drastically grown forces from the western region dan1aged Qing dynasty that the governors had to adopt despotic measures in politics, economy and culture. Social chaos began to arise, economy stagnated and weakened that the medical field also dwindled to the point where it could not be restored to the original point. The era of Qing dynasty was the period that had scientific culture at its fast growing pace, but for Chinese medicine, by contrary, due to autocracy and other factors, was faced with barriers in the medical development.

• 중국학논총
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• no.27
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• pp.147-166
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• 2009

New year pictures prevailed from 1660s to 1860. Especially, the reign period of Emperor Qianlong(r. 1736-1795) was the period of prosperity. The period of 1660s when new year pictures were started to be popular was the reign period of Emperor Kangxi(r. 1662-1722) was just started and corresponded to Emperor Kangxi's promulgation of "Sacred Edict." Chinese operas such as Peking opera were very popular among common people in the period from 1660s to 1860 when new year pictures prevailed. Qing emperors as foreign ruler chose the way of ruling their people by means of cultural influence in stead of military power. However their culture effort was not efficient toward the majority of illiterate people. New year pictures offered every information about the world through visual icons to the illiterate people at that time who perceived the world by means of seeing. They met the world through visual information offered by new year pictures. New year pictures were the stronger visual medium to spread and educate "Sacred Edict" to illiterate subjects than any other guide books published by elite officers.