• Digital Contents
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• no.4 s.59
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• pp.62-63
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• 1998

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.343-352
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• 2024

Composition analysis and lead isotope ratio analysis were conducted to determine the coloring machanism on lead glaze used in Gyeongbokgung Palace and the provenance of the lead used as a flux. 31 blue tiles were classified into green, blue, and yellow. The chemical analysis of lead glazes on the blue tiles revealed that Pb, Si, and Cu were the main components, and trace amounts of Fe, Ca, Mg, and Al were detected. The Cu content was high in blue lead glaze, while Cu was not detected in yellow or brown lead glaze which instead had high Fe content. Therefore, it was found that lead was used as a flux and copper oxide as a coloring agent in the production of lead glaze. In addition, the lead isotope ratios of the lead glaze used in the blue tiles of Gyeongbokgung palace were plotted in zone 3 on the distribution map of lead isotope ratios on the Korean Peninsula, which includes Chungcheong-do and Jeolla-do. It is presumed that the flux for the lead glaze was sourced from galena found in these regions. The lead isotope ratios of the green glaze from the Three Kingdoms and Unified Silla period were mostly located outside the Korean Peninsula, showing that the provenance of lead had changed. In particular, the lead isotope ratios of the green glaze from the Three Kingdoms and Unified Silla period suggest exchange with neighboring countries. Also the lead isotope ratios of the green glazes from the same temple are different, so it is believed that they were made at different times or in different workshops.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.273-285
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• 2019

This study is aimed to interpret the raw material characteristics and manufacturing technology through physical, mineral and geochemical analysis of the brown-glazed stonewares and roof tiles excavated from the Hong Nang Sida temple in Laos, which was built in the 12th century. The glaze of brown-glazed stoneware is a typical lime serial with CaO content of more than 15 % and they were vitrified. The body is the combination of quartz, mullite and cristobalite, but had not vitrified texture, and therefore, which is assumed to have been fired more than 950 ℃. Meanwhile, The roof tiles are unglazed and its outer color is reddish brown, whitish grey and bluish grey. The bluish gray tiles has sandwich structure, which seem to experience imperfect reducing environment. The tile samples with a number of amorphous iron oxide nodule had a very similar chemical composition. In conclusion, it is assumed that the clay source was made from raw material produced from the same bedrock. The firing temperature of roof tiles were divided into less than 900 ℃, 900~950 ℃ and greater than 950 ℃ according to detection of micas, hercynite and mullite.

• Vending industry
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.67-69
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• 2012

커피자판기와 뗄레야 뗄 수 없는 품목이 종이컵이다. 편리성을 장점으로 하는 커피자판기는 종이컵이 있을 때 하나의 소비 품목으로 완성이 된다. 마시고 바로 버릴 수 있고, 가격도 저렴하다는 게 종이컵의 장점이다. 쓰레기를 과다 배출하는 일회용품이라는 점에서 환경위해 요인은 안고 있지만 커피자판기에 있어선 대안 없는 선택일 수밖에 없다. 이런 종이컵을 좀 더 제대로 알고 사용하지는 취지하에 식품의약품안전청에서 발표한 관련 자료를 게재한다. 종이컵에 대해 평상시 궁금해 했던 사항들을 Q&A식으로 정리했다.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.476-485
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• 2001

Both concave and convex roof-end tiles having same style and shape are excavated in Yongjangsung castle at Jindo and Burnhwasa temple at Wando in Jeollanam-Do that are the Sambyulcho's resistance sites against Mongolia in the late Koryo dynasty. Obtained data by NAA have been used to classify the equality of a raw materials' porvenance by multiple correlation analysis(MCA) and discriminant analysis. The results of MCA has shown that there are very high correlation for [La : Sm], and [Lu : Yb]. Exactly pottery site at Chungdo, roof tile site at Chungyang, Yongjangsung castle and Bumhwasa temple and Chunghaejin site at Jangdo were distributed for four trace elements, Cr, Sc, ${\Delta}$(${\Sigma}$(Lu, Yb)) and Eu by discriminant analysis, and their accuracy is above 95%. This means that Yongjangsung castle and Bumhwasa temple have same raw material's provenance.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.1525-1533
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• 2010

With the digital terrestrial television broadcasting transition, terrestrial television broadcasting have required the replacement of retransmission facilities for the analog broadcasting installed in the existing apartment, building, cable TV station, MATV system and so on. In addition, new standards have been enacted for retransmission of the digital television broadcasting in MATV system. To deal with this issue, in this paper, we propose a new 8-VSB remodulator that can retransmit signals of the terrestrial digital television broadcasting. Moreover, we present a standard and the process composition of the 8-VSB remodulator, and an experimental environment configuration for performance evaluation. To achieve this, we have implemented the 8-VSB remodulator with the sequential process components comprised of the RF signal retransmission, the TS stream modulator, the RF signal reception and demodulation. Through the simulation, we analyze the performance standard from the measured data such as spurious and phase noise. And then, we measure SNR and EVM of each attenuation step of the signal obtained by the signal processor and the 8-VSB remodulator with the same retransmission environment and conditions. Experimental results show that both the 8-VSB remodulator and the signal processor can be used as equipment for the retransmission of the terrestrial digital television broadcasting. In addition, the 8-VSB remodulator performed well to improve the transmission efficiency for the digital broadcasting signal, compare to the existing signal processor.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.277-288
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to find out the characteristics of building materials and exterior colors of the traditional palaces in Korea and Japan. Nijo-Castle in Japan and Changdeok-Palace in Korea were selected for the subjects of the study. For the color measurement and analysis, NCS color system was used. The results of this study are as follows. In Changdeok-Palace, Korean pine woods, granites, tiles, blue tiles, clays, Jeon-dol(Korean unique tiles for fences and ground), lime powders, straws, Korean traditional papers, bronze were used for building materials. In Nijo-Castle, however, Japanese pine woods, granites, tiles, clays, lime powders, straws, Japanese traditional papers, bronze and golds were used. As for hues in Changdeok-Palace, Y to R, G ∼ G30Y, R80B∼B, B to G were used mainly, and in Nijo-castle, Y to R, B80G∼B90G, G30Y were found. As for tones in Changdeok-Palace, every kinds of tones were used except 'Deep chromatic' and in Nijo-Castle, 'Greyish chromatic', 'Toned light grey', 'Dark deep', 'Toned dark grey', 'Toned grey' were used. At this study, the building materials and exterior colors were analyized between Changdeok-Palace and Nijo-Castle. And from the results, it is expected that we would understand different cultures of two nations, and get the concept of making their own unique characteristics.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.671-687
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• 2021

This study investigated the firing temperature and thermal deformation process of roof tiles excavated from the connected stone-mound tomb in Seokchon-dong, Seoul, based on mineralogical and physical properties. A large number of roof tiles were excavated from the tomb site and some roof tiles were deformed by heat and were fired in uneven conditions. The colors of original roof tiles and their cores are mostly yellowish-brown, with high water absorption over 12%, containing fine-grained textures and some minerals such as quartz, feldspars, amphibole, and mica. It is estimated that the original roof tiles were fired below 900℃ in oxidation condition, showing loose matrices and mica layers by scanning electron microscopy. However, deformed roof tiles have the uneven surface color of reddish-brown and bluish-gray, and those cross-sections have sandwich structures in which dense reddish-brown surface and porous grey core coexist. They contained mullite and hercynite, so it was estimated to have been fired over 1,000℃, with 0.81~11% water absorption. In some samples, bloating pores by overfiring were observed, which means that they were fired at more than 1,200℃. In addition, the refirng experiments that the original roof tile was fired between 800℃ and 1,200℃ were carried out to investigate the physical and mineralogical properties of roof tiles compared to deformed ones. As a result, the water absorption decreased rapidly and the mineral phase started to change over 1,000℃. As the temperature gradually rises, the matrices are partially melted and recrystallized, resulting in similar thermal characteristics of deformed roof tiles. Therefore, the roof tiles from ancient tombs in Seokchon-dong seem to experience the secondary high temperature of 1,000 to 1,200℃ under uneven firing conditions, resulting in deformation characteristics such as shape transformation and mineral phase transition. It is considered to have been related to cremation rituals at the tombs of Seockchon-dong during the Baekje period.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.133-144
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the cultivation period, adaptive genetic resources, growth and development patterns, and water consumption for rice cultivation in the desert environment of United Arab Emirates (UAE). R esearch on rice cultivation in the desert environment is expected to contribute to resolving food shortages caused by climate change and water scarcity. It was found that the optimal cultivation period of rice was from late November to late April of the following year during which the low temperature occurred at the vegetative growth stage of rice in the UAE. Asemi and FL478 were selected to be candidate cultivars for temperature and day-length conditions in the desert areas as a result of pre-testing genetic resources under reclaimed soil and artificial meteorological conditions. In the desert environment in the UAE, FL478 died before harvest due to the etiolation and poor growth in the early stage of growth. In contrast, Asemi overcame the etiolation in the early stage of growth, which allowed for harvest. The vegetative growth phases of Asemi were from early December to early March of the following year whereas its reproductive growth and ripening phases were from early March to late March and from late March to late April, respectively. The yield of milled rice for Asemi was 763kg/10a in the UAE, which was about 41.8% higher than that in Korea. Such an outcome was likely due to the abundant solar radiation during the reproductive growth and grain filling periods. On the other hand, water consumption during the cultivation period in the UAE was 2,619 ton/10a, which was about three times higher than that in Korea. These results suggest that irrigation technology and development of cultivation methods would be needed to minimize water consumption, which would make it economically viable to grow rice in the UAE. In addition, select on of genetic resources for the UAE desert environments such as minimum etiolation in the early stages of growth would be merited further studies, which would promote stable rice cultivation in the arid conditions.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.43-59
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• 2019

The Traffic controller currently used in Korea is a switch control system that directly transfers 220V of high voltage to traffic lights one to one. This method requires a lot of cables, and there are concerns about electric shock. Accordingly, Korea Road Traffic Authority added the digital communication signal controller standard using digital communication method to the standard specification of the communication signal controller of the National Police Agency. Based on these specifications, this paper intended to develop digital communication call controllers. In addition, it was verified that even if the digital communication signal controller and analogue communication call controller were mixed, they could operate in the signal control system currently in operation.