• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.416-416
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• 2015

기후변화는 미래 강수량 변동을 야기하여 하천유량 관리에 큰 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 기후변화에 따른 중장기 하천유량 관리를 위하여 금호강 유역을 대상으로 SWAT 모형을 이용하여 중장기 하천유량을 예측하였다. 임하댐 상류지역의 2008~2012년 유량자료에 대하여 보정 완료된 SWAT 모형을 기반으로, 지역기후모형(RCM)인 HadGEM3-RA모형을 활용한 IPCC 제5차 보고서 RCP 4.5, RCP 8.5 시나리오를 적용하였다. 금호강 표준유역별 기후변화에 의한 영향을 모의하기 위하여 편이보정(Bias Correction)방법을 적용하였으며, 금호강 유역 내 과거 30년(1975~2005년, Baseline) 기상자료와 비교하여 통계적인 유사성을 가지도록 보정을 실시하였다. 기후변화 시나리오 적용결과는 S1(2011~2040년), S2(2041~2070년), S3(2071~2099년)으로 분할하여 월별, 계절별, 연도별 미래 강수량과 기온을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, RCP 4.5 시나리오의 경우 봄철(3~5월)의 강수량은 기준년도에 비해 약 57%가 증가하였으나, 가을철(6~8월)에는 7.9% 감소하였으며, 첨두 강수시기는 8~9월에서 6~7월로 이동하였다. 평균기온은 각 구분 시기별 $0.2^{\circ}C$, $1.1^{\circ}C$, $1.8^{\circ}C$ 정도 상승할 것으로 예측되었다. RCP 8.5 시나리오에서는 기준년도 대비 강우량은 봄철에 61% 증가, 가을철에는 14.9% 감소하는 것으로 모의되었다. 평균기온은 약 $0.4^{\circ}C$, $2.1^{\circ}C$, $4.2^{\circ}C$ 정도 상승하는 것으로 나타났다. 기후변화에 따른 유출량 결과 비교는 2001~2010년을 기준으로 하였으며, RCP 4.5 시나리오에서는 S1, S2, S3 시기별 각각 -10.9%, -7%, -3.6% 감소하였으며, RCP 8.5 시나리오에서는 약 -12.3%, 4.9%, -1.2% 변동하는 것으로 나타냈다. 금호강 유역 전반에 걸쳐 유출량이 감소하는 추세를 보였으며, 특히 본류에 비해 지류유역의 건천화가 심해지는 양상을 보였다. 또한 현재에 비해 여름철 유출패턴 시기가 앞당겨져 봄철 유량이 증가하고 겨울철에 감소하는 경향을 보이고 있다. 기후변화로 인한 수문패턴의 변화로 현재 하천유량관리의 변화가 필요할 것으로 판단되며, 향후 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 물수지 분석을 추가하여 유지유량 만족을 위한 해당유역의 이수기 유량관리 방안 연구를 수행할 예정이다.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.113-128
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• 2024

Items of road tunnel PISD (Precise Inspection for Safety and Diagnosis) were reviewed and analyzed using newly enhanced MMS (Mobile Mapping System) technology. Possible items with MMS can be visual inspection, survey and non-destructive test, structural analysis, and maintenance plan. The resolution of 3D point cloud decreased when the vehicle speed of MMS is too fast while the calibration error increased when it is too slow. The speed measurement of 50 km/h is determined to be effective in this study. Although image resolution by MMS has a limit to evaluating the width of crack with high precision, it can be used as data to identify the status of facilities in the tunnel and determine whether they meet disaster prevention management code of tunnel. 3D point cloud with MMS can be applicable for matching of cross-section and also possible for the variation of longitudinal survey, which can intuitively check vehicle clearance throughout the road tunnel. Compared with the measurement of current PISD, number of test and location of survey is randomly sampled, the continuous measurement with MMS for environment condition can be effective and meaningful for precise estimation in various analysis.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.2895-2901
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• 2011

SeoulMetro(line number 1 to 4) for the first half of the year. Therefore air quality in the subway is very important. It is passengers, such as sneezing and respiratory vital activities, Suspended due to skin keratin microbial action, and Microbial contaminants such as viruses. Hypersensitivity disorders, an atopic dermatitis, infectious diseases, allergic diseases, and can cause respiratory diseases. Ministry of Environment and National Institute of Environmental Research is managed so the life bacteria. It is emerging as the occupational health problems. Introduction of an appropriate ventilation system for cooling and dehumidification is needed. In line number 2, commuting and normal trains are measured in-room floating microbes. Suspended bacteria and fungi suspended in 2011 for 85 ~ 385$cfu/m^3$, 67 ~ 98$cfu/m^3$ is lower than baseline. Suspended to prevent microbial contamination and air conditioning equipment performance is a substantial improvement. Suspended micro-organisms and the impact on passenger room ventilation is increased. Electric car how to improve air quality substantially investigated.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.3-11
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• 2019

The construction of a facility is an act whereby infrastructure such as roads and railways and other facilities such as housing and office spaces are constructed, and due to the characteristics of the relevant industry where such construction is carried out in a custom order method, it requires a long period of time mostly. While the construction is carried out over a long period of time, fluctuations in the price of raw materials required for the construction occur. Therefore, the cost of the construction also fluctuates inevitably. The fluctuation of the construction cost meshes closely with the profit of a constructor and the efficiency of government spending. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain the construction cost at a reasonable level by adjusting the construction cost rationally in order to secure the required construction quality and spend the budget efficiently. The buffer system for solving such problem is the contract amount adjustment system by fluctuations in prices (Escalation/De-Escalation). In this study, the method combining the escalation method based on the item adjustment method was suggested for an efficient contract amount adjustment method. In addition, it is proposed that there be an investigation and codification of matters not applied to government acts and regulations on contracts related to the adjustment of fluctuations in prices legally.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.649-661
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• 2020

Cut-slope management system (CSMS) has been investigated all slopes on the road of the whole country to evaluate risk rating of each slope. Based on this evaluation, the decision-making for maintenance can be conducted, and this procedure will be helpful to establish a consistent and efficient policy of safe road. CSMS has updated the database of all slopes annually, and this database is constructed based on a basic and detailed investigation. In the database, there are two type of data: first one is an objective data such as slopes' location, height, width, length, and information about underground and bedrock, etc; second one is subjective data, which is decided by experts based on those objective data, e.g., degree of emergency and risk, maintenance solution, etc. The purpose of this study is identifying an data application plan to utilize those CSMS data. For this purpose, logistic regression, which is a basic machine-learning method to construct a prediction model, is performed to predict a judging-type variable (i.e., subjective data) based on objective data. The constructed logistic model shows the accurate prediction, and this model can be used to judge a priority of slopes for detailed investigation. Also, it is anticipated that the prediction model can filter unusual data by comparing with a prediction value.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.92-98
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• 2019

In this study, we developed a repair material incorporating PVA powder resin and nylon fiber into cemented carbide used in the existing field to improve adhesion performance and water tightness with existing concrete. Flexural behavior evaluation was performed. The main experimental variables were PVA powder resin, nylon fiber mixing rate and damage type, and performance tests were conducted to evaluate compressive strength and flexural behavior after repairing materials. It was found that all formulations fully satisfied the required performance of the repair material. The flexural strength test results of the repaired tube specimens showed that the performance of the repaired materials was maximized when the nylon fiber was added and the PVA powder was added in an appropriate amount. The flexural behavior of all the specimens showed the flexural behavior of the structural members with a low rebar ratio, suggesting that the amount of iron wire in the domestic fume pipe was somewhat insufficient. That is, it was confirmed that the amount of reinforcement of the steel wire was somewhat small, so that the concrete was cracked before the behavior of the concrete and the steel wire reached the extreme state, and the concrete was immediately destroyed beyond the tensile strength of the concrete.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.130-137
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• 2017

Due to the economic growth and development of construction technology, a role of foundation to resist heavy loads has been increased. In this present study to improve the structural performance of reinforced concrete pile, the precast HPC pile reinforced with rebar and filling concrete was developed and the strength of pile was predicted based on the limit state design method. The safety of HPC pile strength was evaluated by comparing with the design values. The geometry of HPC pile is a decagon cross section with a maximum width of 500 mm and a minimum width of 475 mm, and the hollow head of pile thickness is 70 mm. The inner area of the hollow head part was made as the square ribbed shape presented in the limit state design code in order to achieve horizontal shear strength between pile concrete and filling concrete. From the shear test results, it was found that the stable shear strength were secured without abrupt failure until maximum load stage despite the shear cracks was found. Shear strength is 135% and 119% higher than that of design value calculated from limit state design code. The driving test results of HPC pile according to the presence of additional reinforcement showed the outstanding crack resistance against impact loads condition. From the bending test results the flexural load between PHC pile and HPC pile was 1.51 times and 1.48 times higher than that of the design flexural load of conventional PHC pile.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.24-33
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• 2017

Domestic urban railway underground station structures, which were built in the 1970s ad 1980s, had been constructed as Cut-and-Cover construction system without seismic design. Because the trends of earthquake occurrence is constantly increasing all over the world as well as the Korean Peninsula, massive human casualties and severe properties and structures damage might be occurred in an non-retrofitted underground station during an earthquake above a certain scale. Therefore, to evaluate the retrofit effect and soil-structure interaction of seismic retrofitted underground station, a centrifugal shaking table test with enhanced stiffness on its structural main member are carried out on 1/60 scaled model using the Kobe and Northridge earthquakes. The seismic retrofitted members, which are columns, side walls, and slabs, are evaluated to comparing with existing non-retrofitted centrifuge test results Also, to simulate the scaled ground using variation of shear velocity according to site conditions such as ground depth and density, resonant column test is performed. From the test results, the relative displacement behavior between ground and structures shows comparatively similar in ground, but is increased on ground surface. The seismic retrofit effects were measured using relative displacements and moment behavior of column and side walls rather than slabs. Additionally, earthquake wave can be used to main design factor due to large structural deformation on Kobe earthquake wave than Norhridge earthquake wave.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.648-654
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• 2011

Staphylococcus aureus, a major human pathogen, produces a wide array of toxins, which causes various types of disease symptoms. Prevalence of S. aureus in various foods collected during 2006-2008 in Korea was investigated. S. aureus was isolated from 275 of 5,186 (5.3%) food samples collected from hyper-markets in Korea. Seasonal temperature affected the prevalence of S. aureus in various foods with high isolation rate during the summer. Most of the enterotoxigenic strains produced enterotoxin A only or enterotoxin A in combination with another toxin. A total of 54.5% of the tested strains contained either one or more enterotoxin genes and 3.6% possessed a tst gene. This study offers basic information for securing the stability of food during storage and circulation, and provides an epidemiological tool to study the cause, origin and temporal spread of S. aureus food poisoning.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.90-99
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• 2015

This study examined dynamic and characteristics and chloride penetration of concrete mixed with large amount of FA and BFS, which are considered for positive application to construction fields with purpose of long-tern durability of concrete structures. As a result of strength test on FA and BFS, FA concrete showed higher increase of strength compared to OPC, when FA4000 and FA5000 were mixed 30%, respectively. For BFS concrete, those mixed with 30% and 50% of BFS8000, respectively, showed higher or equivalent strength compare to OPC. As a result of test of chloride penetration on FA and BFS, diffusion coefficients of concrete mixed with 30% FA4000 and FA5000, respectively, showed to restrain average 6.5% of diffusion coefficient compared to OPC. And in case of BFS concrete, those mixed with BFS6000 and BFS8000, restrained diffusion of chloride ions 253% and 336%, respectively, compared to OPC. Therefore, Mixing 50% of BFS was most efficient in order to maximize restraint of chloride penetration according to metathesis of large amount. For relation between compression strength and diffusion coefficient of FA and BFS concrete, as strength increased, diffusion coefficient decreased. In this study, when mixing FA and BFS to concrete for long-run durability and restraint against chloride penetration, for FA, mixing it to concrete with less or equivalent 30% of replacement rate was most efficient. And for BFS, as fineness was higher and mixing it to concrete with less or equivalent 50% of replacement rate, there were results of higher strength compared to OPC and more efficient restraint of chloride ions.