• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.55-69
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze nursing students' proficiency with ST(Systems Thinking) approach concerning asthma patient nursing process. For this study, 20 nursing students created causality cognitive maps which were consisted of the contents of 'asthma nursing care'. The word association and causality cognitive map were used to estimate ability of the ST. As a result, the students failed to understand the nursing process with the ST approach, or alternatively they applied low level ST approach and had a lower understanding of it. The findings of this study suggest that the development of a ST-based nursing educational program in order for nursing students to improve their ST ability as well as knowledge integration for multidisciplinary practice.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.484-489
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• 1992

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.815-821
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• 1997

Background : Salmeterol, a new ${\beta}_2$-adrenergic receptor agonist, is a long-acting bronchodilator and benefits patients with asthma who have nocturnal symptoms. We wished to assess the efficacy of inhaled salmeterol ($50{\mu}g$ bid) compared to inhaled salbutamol ($200{\mu}g$ qid) for the treatment of bronchial asthma, particularly nocturnal asthma. Method : We randomly assigned 35 patients (25 female and 10 male patients, 15 to 50 years old) to one of two treatment groups : one group received $50{\mu}g$ of salmeterol twice daily and another did $200{\mu}g$ salbutamol four times per day. And this study was performed as an open-label and the 6 weeks inhalation period. Results : Analysis of symptam score ; Day and night time symptom score showed significant difference between salmeterol and salbutamol Group (p<0.05). Number of days for additional bronchodilator requirements; The number of days and puffs for additional bronchodilator were lower in the salmeterol group in either day and night time (p<0.05). Pulmonary function test ; $FEV_1$ showed significant increase in salmeterol group compared to salbutamol group after 2 and 4 weeks inhalation period. Adverse effects ; We found no evidence of tolerance to the bronchodilating effects of salmeterol, and adverse reactions to all the treatments were infrequent and mild. Conclusion : For the management of bronchial asthma, salmeterol given twice daily is superior to salbutamol given four times daily.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.629-641
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• 1999

Background: Corticosteroid is most potent and effective anti-inflammatory medication currently available and inhaled form has been used in the long-tenn control of asthma. Fluticasone propionate(Flixotide/Flovent: FP) is highly potent and topically active inhaled corticosteroid and has at least twice the potency of beclomethasone dipropionate(BDP) in the control of asthma. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of FP and BDP in several aspects. Method: Fifty patients with asthma were treated in a randomized, parallel group study of 4 weeks duration. During 2-week run-in period $\beta_2$-agonist was administered. After run-in period, FP $500{\mu}g/day$ was administered via Diskhaler or BDP $800{\mu}g/day$ via reservoir dry-power device. During the run-in and treatment period, morning and evening peak expiratory flow rate(PEFR) were measured daily. Daytime and nighttime asthma symptoms, daytime and night-time rescue bronchodilator use were checked daily. $FEV_{1.0}$ and FVC were measured biweekly in both groups. Results: Three patients treated with FP and seven patient treated with BDP were dropped out. Therefore forty patients completed the study. Morning and evening PEFR was increased and diurnal variation of PEFR decreased significantly in both groups. $FEV_{1.0}$ increased significantly in FP treatment group but not in BDP group. There were also improvements in daytime and night-time asthma symptoms, daytime and night-time rescue bronchodilator use in both groups after treatment There were no significant difference between groups in any of the efficacy parameters. Therapeutic effects were demonstrated earlier in patient treated with FP than BDP. Conclusion: In this study, $500{\mu}g/day$ fluticasone propionate was as effective as $800{\mu}g/day$ beclomethasone dipropionate in the control of asthma. Therapeutic effects were demonstrated earlier in patient treated with FP than BDP without adverse effect.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.196-204
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• 2001

Background : Bronchial asthma is characterized by a reversible airway obstruction, airway hyperresponsiveness, and eosinophilic airway inflammation. The bronchodilator response(BDR) after short acting beta agonist inhalation and PC20 with methacholine inhalation are frequently used for diagnosing bronchial asthma. However, the relationship between the presence of a bronchodilator response and the degree of airway hyperresponsiveness is uncertain. Therefore, the availability of a eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and a correlation ECP with a bronchodilator response and airway hyperresponsiveness was investigated. Method : A total 71 patients with a moderate to severe degree of bronchial asthma were enrolled and divided into two groups. 31 patients with a positive bronchodilator response and 38 patients with a negative bronchodilator response were evaluated. In both groups, the serum ECP, peripheral blood eosinophil counts, and total IgE level were measured and the methacholine bronchial provocation test was examined. Results : There were no differences observed in age, sex, atopy, and baseline spirometry in both groups. The peripheral eosinophil counts showed no difference in both groups, but the ECP level in group 1 (bronchodilator responder group) was higher than in group 2(non-bronchodilator responder group) ($22.4{\pm}20.7$ vs $14.2{\pm}10.4$, mean$\pm$SD). The PC20 in group 1 was significantly lower than in group 2 ($1.14{\pm}1.68$ vs $66{\pm}2.98$). There was a significant positive correlation between the BDR and ECP, and a negative correlation between the bronchial hyperresponsiveness and ECP. Conclusion : The bronchodilator response significantly correlated with the bronchial hyperresponsiveness and serum ECP in the moderate to severe asthma patients. Hence, the positive bronchodilator response is probably related with active bronchial inflammation and may be used as a valuable index in treatment, course and prognosis of bronchial asthma.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.94-103
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• 2014

Asthma is a chronical disease which could be controled by constant management and the patients may lead their daily lives if they are properly supervised. South Korea is one of the most wired nations, and its penetration rate of smart phones will exceed 80% of entire population this year, so managing asthma and communicating with medical staffs with mobile applications, will be very reasonable solution. In this study, medical staffs, developers and UI/UX experts co-worked developed an Android-based application for asthma management. To tell the effectiveness and availability, we made asthma sufferers use this mobile application for more than six months. After six months we surveyed and interviewed the patients. We could find merits and demerits of the applications and we finally suggested new guidelines for version 2.0.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.844-852
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• 1997

Background : Recent studies have documented increased release of endothelin(ET) during acute attack of asthma. The purpose of this study is to observe the link between plasma level and urinary excretion of each and changes during acute exacerbation. Method : Plasma and 24 hour urine were collected from sixteen asthmatics during acute exacerbation, twice ; first day of symptomatic exacerbation and two weeks after treatment. Controls were ten healthy normal subjects. All patients were treated with corticosteroid and beta-2 adrenergic agonist on admission. ET was determined by radioimmmunoassay and had 100% cross reactivity with ET-1, 67% with ET-2, 84% with ET-3, and 8% with Big-ET. Results : Plasma ETs were significantly elevated during acute attack of asthma compared with those in remission and controls.,However, there was no significant changes in urine ET concentrations or total ET amounts in 24 hour urine during exacerbation upto two weeks. Those levels of urine ET in asthmatics were still higher than controls. ET concentrations in plasma or urine were not correlated with pulmonary functional parameters and hypoxemia. Conclusion : The findings suggests that increased plasma ETs are related with exaggerated release during acute asthma. Urinary ET excretion is increased in asthma. However, urine ET changes during exacerbation should be observed in a larger and longer scale.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.392-399
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• 1992

Background: Despite dyspnea is a predominant complaint of patients with respiratory disease, the mechanisms contributing to the sensation of breathlessness are poorly understood. Traditionally, physicians have measured objective pulmonary function to assess severity of dyspnea. But it will be also useful to measure subjective dyspnea index because dyspnea probably depends on a complex interplay of mechanical, experimental, emotional and other factors. Method: We measured breathlessness at rest, after Methacholine challenge and then bronchodilator inhalation using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Borg Scale Dyspnea Index (BSDI) in stable asthmatic patients. Spirometry was performed concomittently. Results: There was no correlation between dyspnea index and FEV1. There was also no correlation between the change in dyspnea index and change in FEV1. The change in dyspnea index after methacholine and bronchodilator was greater in clinically mild asthmatic patients than clinically severe symptomatic group. Conclusion: In asthmatic patients, there was a wide variation in sensory response for any given FEV1, and the change in perception of dyspnea was greater in those with clinically mild symptoms. The measurement of dyspnea index may yield information complementary to that obtained by spirometry.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• autumn
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• pp.177-180
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 천식기침소리의 음향적 특성을 신호처리 방법을 이용하여 분석하고 통계처리한 결과를 보고한다. 정상인과 천식 환자의 기침소리 신호의 특징을 비교 분석함으로써 신호의 특징에 의해 자동식별할 수 있는 가능성을 제시하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.605-608
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• 2007

천식(Asthma)과 같은 복합질환(Complex Disease)의 원인과 작용 모델을 찾기 위해서 여러가지 통계적인 방법들과 기계 학습(Machine Learning)의 방법 등이 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 유전 알고리즘을 이용하여 천식 환자와 대조군들을 분류할 수 있는 단일염기 다형성(SNP, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism)의 조합에 대하여 조사한다.