• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.954-961
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• 2010

Ground-based remote sensing can be used as one of the non-destructive, fast, and real-time diagnostic tools for quantifying yield, biomass, and nitrogen (N) stress during growing season. This study was conducted to assess biomass and nitrogen (N) status of paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants under N stress using passive and active ground-based remote sensors. Nitrogen application rates were 0, 70, 100, and 130 kg N $ha^{-1}$. At each growth stage, reflectance indices measured with active sensor showed higher correlation with DW, N uptake and N concentration than those with the passive sensor. NIR/Red and NIR/Amber indices measured with Crop Circle active sensors generally had a better correlation with dry weight (DW), N uptake and N content than vegetation indices from Crop Circle passive sensor and NDVIs from active sensors. Especially NIR/Red and NIR/amber ratios at the panicle initiation stage were most closely correlated with DW, N content, and N uptake. Rice grain yield, DW, N content and N uptake at harvest were highly positively correlated with canopy reflectance indices measured with active sensors at all sampling dates. N application rate explains about 91~92% of the variability in the SI calculated from NIR/Red or NIR/Amber indices measured with Crop Circle active sensors on 12 July. Therefore, the in-season sufficiency index (SI) by NIR/Red or NIR/Amber index from Crop Circle active sensors can be used for determination of N application rate.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.44-48
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• 2019

Objectives: Insomnia is one of the most prevalent sleep disorders. Recent studies suggest that cognitive and physical arousal play an important role in the generation of primary insomnia. Studies have also shown that information processing disorders due to cortical hyperactivity might interfere with normal sleep onset and sleep continuity. Therefore, focusing on central nervous system arousal and normalizing the information process have become current topics of interest. It has been well known that neurofeedback can reduce the brain hyperarousal by modulating patients' brain waves during a sequence of behavior therapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of neurofeedback therapy on electroencephalography (EEG) characteristics in patients with primary insomnia. Methods: Thirteen subjects who met the criteria for an insomnia diagnosis and 14 control subjects who were matched on sex and age were included. Neurofeedback and sham treatments were performed in a random order for 30 minutes, respectively. EEG spectral power analyses were performed to quantify effects of the neurofeedback therapy on brain wave forms. Results: In patients with primary insomnia, relative spectral theta and sigma power during a therapeutic neurofeedback session were significantly lower than during a sham session ($13.9{\pm}2.6$ vs. $12.2{\pm}3.8$ and $3.6{\pm}0.9$ vs. $3.2{\pm}1.0$ in %, respectively; p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant changes in other EEG spectral bands. Conclusion: For the first time in Korea, EEG spectral power in the theta band was found to increase when a neurofeedback session was applied to patients with insomnia. This outcome might provide some insight into new interventions for improving sleep onset. However, the treatment response of insomniacs was not precisely evaluated due to limitations of the current pilot study, which requires follow-up studies with larger samples in the future.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.166-175
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• 2023

This study aims to identify the cause of the red-water occurrence (the phenomenon of water being red) that occurs at some points and sections of rivers in Yongin City. As a result of conducting a preliminary investigation, total three sites were selected as the investigation point as it was found that the red-water occurrence continued. As a result of the investigation, it is judged that the cause of the red-water in Yongin-city river is due to the soil color and iron content of the region. JPS, SBS, and JJS sites all showed that the color of soil is mainly consist of reddish brown and red-yellow. The average Fe concentration was 13.75 mg/L, 10.85 mg/L, and 1.31 mg/L, for each sites, and considering that the Fe concentration in general river water was less than 0.5 mg/L, it was confirmed that the concentration was quite high. At the JPS and JJS points, the red-water occurrence occurred mainly in stagnant places, which is believed to be strengthened by the reaction of organic and microorganisms. In the case of SBS, the wateris red, but as a result of observing the actual color, it is judged that the iron component deposited in the pipe causes an optical illusion with a deep red color. In addition, it is believed that the iron concentration can be reduced to the general river water concentration range by removing the particulate iron component through a decrease of more than 95% as a result of filtering with glass fiber filter with particulate iron. As a result of this study, it is necessary to manage the river to maintain the flow, and it is believed that the occurrence of red-water at the survey point can be alleviated through uptake action through planting and agglomeration precipitation and agglomeration filtration methods for particulate iron treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.18-24
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• 2012

Purpose : Although lung ventilation SPECT (LV-SPECT) has a good sensitivity in detection of deep lung lesions, it is difficult to apply the LV-SPECT to patients having breathing problems due to limited examination time. In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of LEAP collimator, which provides high detection sensitivity and tolerable resolution, for the LV-SPECT in terms of diagnostic accuracy and examination time. Materials and Methods : Four volunteers inhaled Technegas (370 MBq) and the lung ventilation planar scan (LVPS, 300 counts/view (cpv)) with LEHR collimator was performed using Siemens E.cam scanner as a reference test. LV-SPECT scans were performed with three collimators, LEHR, LEUHR, and LEAP, in low (7 kcpv) and high (70 kcpv) counting modes. The count ratios of left (LT) and right (RT) lung segments were calculated on the geometric mean view of anterior and posterior images for LVPS and on the summed coronal images of LV-SPECT, respectively. Comparing to LVPS, the usefulness of three different collimators for LV-SPECT was evaluated through statistical analysis (paired t-test), on count ratios of lung segments. Results : The average LT:RT ratio in LVPS was 47:53. For LV-SPECT, there were negligible difference of the LT:RT ratios (48:52 on average) among three different collimators in low and high counting modes. Comparing to standard LVPS with LEHR, all LV-SPECTs with different collimators resulted in similar diagnostic accuracy through paired t-test (p>0.05). The scan time in LVPS (6 views) was 17.3 min. For LV-SPECT (128 views) in low counting mode, it took 18.7 (LEUHR), 15.0 (LEHR), and 12.3 min (LEAP), respectively. Conclusion : Comparing to standard LVPS, the LV-SPECT with LEAP in low counting mode provided the comparable diagnostic accuracy in addition to shortened scan time.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.534-541
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• 2014

This study investigated a method to determine an efficient operating condition for the $UV/H_2O_2$ process. The OH radical scavenging factor is the most important factor to predict the removal efficiency of the target compound and determine the operating condition of the $UV/H_2O_2$ process. To rapidly and simply measure the scavenging factor, Rhodamine B (RhB) was selected as a probe compound. Its reliability was verified by comparing it with a typical probe compound (para-chlorobenzoic acid, pCBA); the difference between RhB and pCBA was only 1.1%. In a prediction test for the removal of Ibuprofen, the RhB method also shows a high reliability with an error rate of about 5% between the experimental result and the model prediction using the measured scavenging factor. In the monitoring result, the scavenging factor in the influent water of the $UV/H_2O_2$ pilot plant was changed up to 200% for about 8 months, suggesting that the required UV dose could be increased about 1.7 times to achieve 90% caffeine removal. These results show the importance of the scavenging factor measurement in the $UV/H_2O_2$ process, and the operating condition could simply be determined from the scavenging factor, absorbance, and information pertaining to the target compound.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39C no.10
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• pp.948-956
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• 2014

Today, Intelligent Vehicle Detection System seeks to reduce the negative factors, such as accidents over to get the traffic information of existing system. This paper proposes detection algorithm for the illegal U-turn vehicles which can cause critical accident among violations of road traffic laws. We predicted that if calculated optical flow vectors were shown on the illegal U-turn path, they would be cause of the illegal U-turn vehicles. To reduce the high computational complexity, we use the algorithm of pyramid Lucas-Kanade. This algorithm only track the key-points likely corners. Because of the high computational complexity, we detect center lane first through the color information and progressive probabilistic hough transform and apply to the around of center lane. And then we select vectors on illegal U-turn path and calculate reliability to check whether vectors is cause of the illegal U-turn vehicles or not. Finally, In order to evaluate the algorithm, we calculate process time of the type of algorithm and prove that proposed algorithm is efficiently.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.31-58
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• 2006

The purpose of this article is to analyze the structure and characteristics of the care manager systems of the long term care insurance in Japan's social welfare institution. In order to realize such purposes, this paper develops the discussion process as follows. Firstly, this paper examines the developmental processes and contents of the long term care insurance system and the care plan services which are the services to aid the utilization of long term care services. Secondly, this paper describes the care manager which conducts the role of care plan services intentively. Thirdly, this paper makes the research framework which is formulated as the legislative views about the care manager on the long term care insurance act, task systems, recruitment and retraining systems, and research data of care manager. Summarizing the contents of care manager's circumstances and characteristics about the long term care insurance, the results are explained as follows. that is to define care manager's status as the components of care plan center, to control indirectly the activities of care manager's care plan by operating care service center and care plan center in equal corporate, to set role and task ambiguously, to recognize care manager's role as the attributed role of care service center, to give licence and qualification in local government. Therefore, it's difficult to realize care plan depending on speciality and neutrality for the service user. The essential parts for the reform of care manager systems may be to separate care service center and care plan center and to redefine the task and role of care manager, the role and task of which should be put on care plan services.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.283-290
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• 2009

Differently from fly ash, the bottom ash produced from thermoelectric power plant has been treated as an industrial waste matter, and almost reclaimed a tract from the sea. If this waste material is applicable to foam concrete as an aggregate owing to its light-weight, however, it may be worthy of environmental preservation by recycling of waste material as well as reducing self-weight of high-rising structure and horizontal forces and deformations of retaining wall subject to soil pressure. This study has an objective of evaluating the effects of application of bottom ash on the mechanical properties of foam concrete. Thus, the ratio of bottom ash to cement was selected as a variable for experiment and the effect was measured in terms of unit weight of concrete, air content, water-cement ratio and compressive strength. It can be observed from experiments that the application ratios have different effects on the material parameters considered in this experiment, thus major relationships between application ratio and each material parameter were finally introduced. The result of this study can be applied to decide a mix design proportion of foam concrete while bottom ash is used as an aggregate of the concrete.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.42 no.12
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• pp.1103-1111
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• 2009

This study derived the analysis results of alternatives for integrated watershed management under urbanization and climate change scenarios. Climate change and urbanization scenarios were obtained by using SDSM (Statistical Downscaling Method) model and ICM (Impervious Cover Model), respectively. Alternatives for the Anyangcheon watershed are reuse of wastewater treatment plant effluent, and redevelopment of existing reservoir. Flow and BOD concentration duration curves were derived by using HSPF (Hydrological Simulation Program - Fortran) model. As a result, low flow ($Q_{99},\;Q_{95},\;Q_{90}$) and BOD concentration ($Q_{10},\;Q_5,\;Q_1$) were very sensitive to the alternatives comparing to high flow($C_{30},\;C_{10},\;C_1$). Although urbanization makes the hydrological cycle distorted, effective alternatives can reduce its damage. The numbers of days to satisfy the instreamflow requirements and target water quality were also sensitive to urbanization. This result showed that the climate change and urbanization should be considered in the water resources/watershed and environmental planning.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.28-34
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• 2010

In this paper, we proposed an algorithm for utilizing visual information for non-contact predicting method of friction coefficient. Coefficient of friction is very important in driving on road and traversing over obstacle. Our algorithm is based on terrain classification for visual image. The proposed method, non-contacting approach, has advantage over other methods that extract material characteristic of road by sensors contacting road surface. This method is composed of learning group(experiment, grouping material) and predicting friction coefficient group(Bayesian classification prediction function). Every group include previous work of vision. Advantage of our algorithm before entering such terrain can be very useful for avoiding slippery areas. We make experiment on measurement of friction coefficient of terrain. This result is utilized real friction coefficient as prediction method. We show error between real friction coefficient and predicted friction coefficient for performance evaluation of our algorithm.