• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.151-155
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• 1993

Since there have been no method which can applicable to the screening of commercial sesame oil adulterated with other vegetable oils, the present investigation was carried out particularily focusing on the the pattern of IN absorption of sesame oil and other vegetable oils. For this, a variety of oil samples prepared by the conventional method from sesame seeds, perilla seeds, com, soybean, and rice bran were analyzed by IN spectrophotometer. IN spectra of sesame oil and oil of unheated sesame seeds showed absorption peaks at 215, 230 and 290 nm. While UV spectra of com oil, perilla oil and soybean oil all showed absorption peaks at 215, 230 and 280 nm, that of rice bran oill showed peaks at 215, 290 320 nm. When sesame oil was mixed with com oil, perilla oil or soybean oil, respectively, from which the absorbance of peaks at 290 nm were lower than pure sesame oil. The peak at 320 nm which was typical absorption peak of rice bran oil was still observed in the spectnun of mixture of sesame oil with rice bran oil.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.269-273
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• 2012

The principal objective of this study was to estimate the benzo(a)pyrene contents in commercial vegetable oils available in the Korean market and to assess the effects of various processing steps for vegetable oils on the contents of benzo(a)pyrene. Benzo(a)pyrene content in the studied commercial vegetable oils, crude oils, and raw materials were found to be lower than the maximum levels of 2 ppb. In both refined and pressed oil, the benzo(a)pyrene contents can be reduced through refining steps. However, an evident increase of benzo(a)pyrene contents during both the expeller process for corn oil and the roasting process for sesame oil was observed. This result indicates that the processing procedure, particularly heat treatment and refining steps would be critical in managing the benzo(a)pyrene contents in vegetable oils.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.41-48
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• 2021

This study aimed to develop an alternative organic fertilizer to castor oil cake-based fertilizers. To assess the nutrient effect of the developed fermented mixed organic fertilizers, the yield of lettuce and soil characteristics after growth were analyzed and compared to those of a trial using a mixed expeller cake fertilizer. Two fermented mixed organic fertilizers, FA and FB, each containing 5.0% nitrogen, 2.6% phosphate, and 1.4% potassium, were produced by mixing different ratios of rice bran, dried distillers grains, sesame oil meal, and fish meal. This study was conducted with six trials: untreated, mixed expeller cake fertilizer, and the fermented mixed organic fertilizers FA and FB. Based on the amount of nitrogen fertilization (70 kg ha^-1) on the lettuce, the fermented mixed organic fertilizers FA and FB were applied at 100% and 150%, respectively, and the mixed oil cake was applied at 100%. As the amount of treatment increased, there was no significant difference except the number of leaves in FA treatment. The yields from the FA100 and FB100 treatments were 38.2 and 40.8 Mg ha^-1, respectively, which was not significantly different from that of the mixed expeller cake fertilizer treatment at 38.3 Mg ha^-1. In addition, the nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency of the lettuce were not significantly different between mixed expeller cake fertilizer and fermented mixed organic fertilizer treatments. Analysis of the chemical properties of the soil after the trial showed that he mixed expeller cake fertilizer treatment showed the lowest pH. There were no significant differences in electrical conductivity, content of soil organic matter, available phosphate, and exchangeable cation among the fertilizer treatments. However, the bacterial and actinomyces density was higher in the soil from the fertilizer trials than in the non-fertilizer trials. These results indicated that the two tested fermented mixed organic fertilizers had nourishing effects and soil characteristics that were similar to those of the mixed expeller cake fertilizer. Thus, farmers can use these fermented mixed organic fertilizers as alternatives to castor oil cakes for the cultivation of organic lettuce.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.243-248
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• 1993

Yukwa, one of the favorite Korean traditional snacks, is a oil puffed rice cooky used for sacrifies, ceremony or celebration of an event. It had been prepared by most of house-wives for a long time fellowing old reference and still be made by some skilled persons in country side these days. The preparation methods of the Yukwa differ a little each other region by region. This survey was conducted to excarvate any hidden traditional methods and collect different cases as many as possible through pre-made questionaire. 151 questionaires were collected at 7 provinces and evaluted by similar items.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 1979

It is a general trend everywhere that the uses of vegetable oils are increasing due to the fact that they are effective in curing and preventing symptoms of high blood pressure and various heart failure conditions. At the same time the concept that oxidative rancidity is caused by the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acid moieties whose subsequent decomposition gives rise to various undesirable, sometimes toxic compounds is now well accepted. Linolenic acid (C, 18:3) is one of highly unsaturated and readily oxidizable fatty acid. The content of this essential polyunsaturated fatty acid in perilla seed oil (PSO) was found to be as high as 48% while only 1.5% in sesame seed oil (SSO). In this experiment the oxidative stability of PSO was compared with that of SSO. The experimental test group were as follows: A) Stored at different temperatures, namely $4^{\circ}C,\;30^{\circ}C,$ and $60^{\circ}C,$ B) Stored at room temperature $(20{\pm}5^{\circ}C)$ ; a. protected from sunlight and air, b. exposed to air without sunlight c. exposed to sunlight but protected front air, d. completely exposed to both air and sunlight. The following results were obtained; 1) It was found to be most stable against oxidation to store both PSO and SSO under the low temperature $(4^{\circ}C)$ condition. According to P.V. measurements it was found to be safe to keep both oils up to $30^{\circ}C$ for at least 8 weeks. When exposed to air, sunlight and high temperature $(60^{\circ}C)$, P.V. of PSO reached there peak values, which were much higher than those of SSO. This explains much of its instability as compared to SSO against oxidation. 2) The effect of high temperature $(60^{\circ}C)$ on A.V. was found to be more striking than those of all the other storage conditions. The condition of refrigeration was most effective in keeping A.V. low for both oils as was the case in P.V. 3) For both oils, I.V. decreased throughout the experimental period (8 weeks). The range of decrement was larger for PSO than SSO. 4) There was no significant change in the compositions of fatty acids of SSO caused by various experimental storage conditions. But for PSO the compositions of stearic, oleic and linoleic acid were decreased, whereas linolenic acid was increased proportionally.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.138-146
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• 1974

The present study was undertaken to investigate the nutritive value of various defatted oil-seed flours in the diet by studying the effect of alternative diets on growing rats, to attention growth, food intake, weight of organs and the levels of total cholesterol, phospholipid and triglyceride in serum and liver tissue. Sixty male Albino rats (Splague Dowley) weighing 47-55 g were divided into five experimental groups and one control group of ten each, and were fed for 24 weeks with the respective diets. Each of five different diets was supplemented with defatted flours as dietary protein sources. Four of other diets were composed of 7.5 sesame seed, rapeseed, sunflower seed and cottonseed flour respectively, with the same amount of defatted soybean flour, while the fifth diet tested was prepared with 15% soybean flour. The results of this study were as follows. 1) It was noteworthy that the five defatted oilseed flour diets demonstrated much improvement of nutritive value. Sesame seed flour and sunflower seed flour, especially appeared to be worthwhile as human foods. 2) From the results of biochemical tests of the serum and liver lipid content of Albino rats, after feeding with the respective diets, it can be concluded that, from a nutritional point of view, the toxic effects of oilseed flours like rapeseed and cottonseed flour, which contain toxic substances, are reduced when they are mixed with soybean flour.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.77-85
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• 2020

This study analyzes the effects of mixed fermented organic fertilizer on chinese cabbage growth and soil properties in order to investigate the nutritional effects of organic fertilizers, which are developed as an alternative fertilizer for imported castor oil cake. In this study, four treatments were set up: 100% and 200% rate of nitrogen application (320 kg ha-1 for Chinese cabbage) on mixed fermented organic fertilizer A(FA) and mixed fermented organic fertilizer B(FB), respectively, 100% rates of the mixed expeller cake (MEC) fertilizer, and the untreated control. Results revealed that the growth and yield of Chinese cabbage increased as more fermented organic fertilizer was used. However, while there were no significant differences in growth characteristics between treatments of 100% rate of mixed fermented organic fertilizer and 100% rate of MEC, the impacts on yields resulted similar. The nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of Chinese cabbage was measured a range of 20-31% depending on the response to treatment. The 100% FA showed the same as NUE and nitrogen absorption with 100% rate of MEC. Regarding soil properties after cultivation, there were no significant differences among the effects of fertilizers in pH, EC, soil organic matter, and available phosphate. However, the content of exchangeable cations(K, Ca, Mg) was higher in areas treated with mixed fermented organic fertilizer than in untreated areas. Furthermore, the bacterial population density in the soil was higher in areas treated with mixed fermented organic fertilizer than in untreated areas and increased as more mixed fermented organic fertilizer was used. There were no significant differences in the population density of actinomycetes and fungi when fertilizer was applied to the soil. These results also show that FA, as a alternative organic fertilizer for imported castor oil cake, has similar nutritional effects as that of MEC. Therefore, further research the appropriate amounts of fertilizer is required to achieve economical and eco-friendly nutrient management.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 1999

The antioxidative effects of phenolic acids extracts from defatted sesame meal were investigated on the soybean oil. The free, ester and insoluble bound phenolic acids in the extracts from defatted sesame meal were isolated and their antioxidative activities were evaluated with commercial synthetic antioxidants such as BHA, AP and TBHQ. The patterns of these extracts were compared by using gas chromatography. Ether extracts from the defatted sesame meal showed a higher antioxidative effectiveness than BHA and AP. Among phenolic extracts, free phenolic acid and soluble phenolic acid ester were found most effective in the sesame meal. Each phenolic extract was confirmed to be composed of six or three individual compounds.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.302-308
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the extraction yield and quality stability as to the oleoresin process with large amount of onion at one time. The first mixed-product is raw onion juice which was reduced the compression and concentrated by Brix 70% mixed together wit the residue which was extracted and concentrated by ethanol, the second product manufactured by the same method above after the autoclaving with onion, and the other product is made by grinding by 50mesh to freeze-dried onion. Each of yields were 7.3, 9.1 and 0.8% and each of total sugar content was 616.4, 712.3 and 150.3mg/g. Therefore the product extracted by ethanol from freeze-dried onion was very low in yield and total sugar content. By the index of the overall odor intensity, contents of total pyruvate were 1,733.7, 520.6, and 2,716.5$\mu\textrm{g}$/g for each product. As a result, oleoresin onion processing that desired to use raw onion was remarkable for odor recovery. For the homogenous mixture with concentrate of onion juice and ethanol extract were emulsified by the addition of 2% of PGDR(polyglycerol condensed ricinoleate) and agitation(10,000rpm, 30 minutes). At this time, interfacial tension was 1.9 dyne/cm and the formation of emulsion was for 96.2% when left over 24hours in 6$0^{\circ}C$. When it was to be centrifuged(2,000$\times$G, 80 minutes) after emulsification, the volume of emulsion level without seperation was 92.6%, and very high in emulsification stability. The induced heating-oxidize with soy bean oil and sesame oil added to 1% of onion oleoresin, induction-time extension effect appeared with antioxidant activity that was applicable for 80.8~82.2% as to the effect of addition of 0.02% BHA.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.631-642
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• 2017

For effective control of insect pest which can outbreak in a field during crop cultivation, various control agents such as eco-friendly agricultural materials (EFAM) including microbial control agents and chemical pesticides have been applied at fields and these control agents may be treated simultaneous or sequential in the same field to suppress diverse pests and diseases. The agents may influence each other and control efficacy may also differ from interactions. Therefore we need to test compatibility of microbial control agents with other agricultural agents. In this study, we investigated influence of pre-treated EFAMs, which are registered for whitefly control in greenhouse, on germination, mycelial growth and control efficacy of Isaria javanica isolate against sweet potato whitefly. The results showed that a mixture of paraffin oil+cinnamon oil among 4 EFAMs highly reduced germination ($8.9{\pm}1.3%{\sim}24.5{\pm}0.9%$) and mycelial growth ($0.81{\pm}0.01cm{\sim}0cm$) of I. javanica. To investigate the effects of the treatment interval between EFAMs and I. javanica on sweet potato whitefly control, four different EFAMs were pre-treated 0, 1, 4, and 7 days before applying I. javanica. Pre-treatment of four EFAMs inhibited insecticidal activity of I. javanica against sweet potato whitefly. Therefore when EFAMs and a mycopesticide using I. javanica spray simultaneous or sequential, application of EFAMs need more than 7 days interval after treatment of mycopesticide at field.