• The tire
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• s.15
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• pp.22-28
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• 1968

본장에서는 전호에서 논술한 Carbon black을 제외한 각종 보고무용 보강제, 무기충진제 및 착색제를 해설키로 한다. 논제에서는 세가지 배합제로 분류하였으나 편의상 이들 세가지 배합제를 보진제란 한 어휘로 표현하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.113-115
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• 2002

Two experiments were conducted to compare the effects of the natural and the synthetic commercial pigments on the laying performance, pigmentation and fatty acid contents in egg Yolk of laying hens. Feed intake, egg production, egg weight and feed efficiency did not have significant difference(p〈0.05) in experiments I and II. White height and haugh unit did not have significant difference(p〈0.05) in two experiments. In order to approach the yolk pigmentation to 12∼13 of Roche color fan, addition level of natural red pigment was 25∼30 ppm. In the case of synthetic red pigment, the level was 15∼20 ppm. In this experimental condition, the pigmenting effect of the synthetic pigment had better than that of the natural pigment. In the experiment 2, the Pigmenting effect of mixing Pigments were inveatigated between TM2 mixed with natural red pigment, and TM6 mixed with synthesis red pigment. The fatty acid content in yolk was not affected by pigment addition.

• The tire
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• s.13
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• pp.31-36
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• 1968

본장에서는 전호에서 논술한 Carbon black을 제외한 각종 보고무용 보강제, 무기충진제 및 착색제를 해설키로 한다. 논제에서는 세가지 배합제로 분류하였으나 편의상 이들 세가지 배합제를 보진제란 한 어휘로 표현하였다.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2003

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of natural and synthetic commercial pigments on the growth performances, skin pigmentation and color difference of broiler chicks. Experimental diet was formulated to have isocalories and isonitrogen for experimental period, and xanthophyll concentration in the diet was 8.45g/1on. The experiment was conducted for six weeks with 450 broiler chicks. The birds were assigned to 10 treatment groups and each group had 15 chicks with three replications. Results showed that the types of pigments did not have any effect on body weight, feed intake and feed efficiency. The mortality was lower with higher pigment supplementation and greater in the natural pigment groups than in the synthetic ones. Dressed carcass, abdominal fat pad and gizzard weight were not significantly different among treatments. The pigmentation of shank skin was increased with high pigment supplementations, and the pigmentation effect was greater with synthetic pigments than in natural pigments. In the shank meat or skin, the color difference(L*, a*, b*, c* and h*) was not consistently related to pigmentation.

• The tire
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• s.14
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• pp.26-30
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• 1968

본장에서는 전호에서 논술한 Carbon black을 제외한 각종 고무용보강제, 무기보진제 및 착색제를 해설키로 한다. 논제에서는 세가지 배합제로 분류하였으나 편의상 이들 세가지 배하제를 보진제란 한 어휘로 표현하였다.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.271-278
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• 2002

Two experiments were conducted to compare the effects of the natural and synthetic commercial pigments on the laying Performance, Pigmentation and fatty acid contents in e99 yolk of laying hens. The experimental diets were formulated to have isocalories and isonitrogen. In experiment I, the diet does not contain the com in which the xanthophylls are free, and in experiment II, the diet contained 54% of corn in which the level of xanthophylls are 19.34 ppm/kg (calculated levels). In the experiment 1, 480 ISA Brown laying hens were divided into eight groups. Each group has 60 birds fed the 0% of corn with 8 types of pigment levels for 4 weeks. in the experiment 2, 600 ISA Brown laying hens were divided into ten groups. Each group has 60 birds fed the 54% of com diet with 10 types of pigment levels for 4 weeks. Feed intake, e99 Production, egg weight and feed efficiency did not have significant difference in experiments I and II. Albumen height and haugh unit did not have significant difference in both experiments. In order to approach the yolk pigmentation to 12∼13 of Roche color fan, addition level of natural red pigment was 25∼30 ppm. In the case of synthetic red pigment, the level was 15∼20 ppm. In this experimental condition, the pigmenting effect of the synthetic pigment was better than that of the natural pigment. In the experiment 2, the pigmenting effect of mixing pigments were investigated between TM2 mixed with natural red pigment, and TM6 mixed with synthesis red pigment. The pigmenting effect of synthetic red pigment was greater than that of the natural red pigment. However, the pigmenting effect of natural pigment was greater than that of synthetic pigments when the levels of synthetic and natural red pigments in diet are higher in TM3 and TM8. The fatty acid content in yolk was not affected by pigment addition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 1998.05a
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• pp.140-147
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• 1998

과육선숙 경향이 있는 온주밀감에서는 착색시에 수확을 하여 인공착색(북천, 1974)을 하는 경우도 있지만 시장가격이 높게 형성되는 시기에 수확이 집중되어 소비자나 시장관계자의 불평을 사는 일이 있다. 이러한 연유로 인해서 실제 재배에서는 착색저해나 착색지연 등의 제 요인을 제거(고교, 1965 : 송본, 1975)하는 것 이외에 오히려 적극적으로 착색촉진을 목적으로 한 비배관리나 착색촉진제 등(광뢰 등, 1970 : 암원, 1979 : 암원등, 1979)이 사용되어져 왔다. (중략)

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.269-278
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• 2010

We investigated characteristics of the coloring material of Dancheong pigments and hope that this study contributes the revival of traditional Dancheong pigments color. For this purpose, we collected Dancheong fragment samples that fell off naturally from old wooden buildings in Gwangju and Jeonnam and analyzed the natural coloring material by XRD and EDS-SEM analysis method. In white pigments of Dancheong fragments, it is confirmed that gypsum$(CaSO_{4}{\cdot}2H_{2}O)$, quartz$(SiO_{2})$, white lead$(PbCO_{3})$ and calcite$(CaCO_{3})$ which have been used for white pigments since ancient times and $TiO_{2}$ which is common used in modern times. In red pigments of Dancheong fragments, it is confirmed that hematite$(Fe_{2}O_{3})$ and red lead$(Pb_{3}O_{4})$, which have been used for red pigments since ancient times and C.I. pigment orange $13(C_{32}H_{24}C_{12}N_{8}O_{2})$ but there is no cinnabar(HgS) which has been used since B.C. 3000 in China. In yellow pigments of Dancheong fragments, it is confirmed that crocoite$(PbCrO_{4})$ and massicot(PbO). In blue pigments of Dancheong fragments, it is confirmed that sodalite$(Na_{4}BeAlSi_{4}O_{12}Cl)$ and nosean $(Na_{8}Al_{6}Si_{6}O_{24}SO_{4})$ as coloring material of blue pigment and C.I. pigments blue $29(Na_{7}Al_{6}Si_{6}O_{24}S_{3})$ which is used in modern times. In green pigments of Dancheong fragments, it is confirmed that calumetite$(Cu(OHCI)_{2}{\cdot}2H_{2}O)$, escolaite(Cr2O3), dichromium trioxide$(Cr_{2}O_{3})$, emerald green$(C_{2}H_{3}As_{3}Cu_{2}O_{8})$, and C.I. pigments green$(C_{32}H_{16}-XCl_{x}Cu_{8})$ which is used in modern time. In black pigments of Dancheong fragments, Chiness ink(carbon black) is confirmed.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.128-134
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• 2004

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary pigment sources on the performance, color and antioxidant properties in broiler chick. Experimental diet was formulated to have isocalories and isonitrogen during the experiment period. Total xanthophylls content in the experimental diet was formulated to have 30ppm. Experimental trials were done for five weeks with six treatment groups; T1 (Control), T2 (Olo Glo, natural yellow pigment), T3 (Kern Glo, natural red pigment), T4 (canthaxanthin, synthetic red pigment), T5 (asthaxanthine, natural red pigment), and T6 (seaweed by-products). Body weight gain and feed intake were significantly lower (p＜0.05) in T6 group than in other treatments. Mortality was lower in T2, T3 and T4 than in control, but higher (p＜0.05) in T5 and T6. The sources of pigments did not have any effects on the dressed carcass and abdominal fat pad (p＞0.05). The gizzard weight was significantly lower in T6 (p＜0.05) than in others. Pigmentation of leg skin was significantly lower (p＜0.05) in control and T6. Effects of dietary pigments was greater with red pigments than with yellow pigments, and those were also greater with natural pigments than with synthetic ones. The peroxide value (POV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and pH values of chicken meat were increased (p＜0.05) in all treatments at 12 day storage, and was higher (p＜0.05) in pigments supplementation group. No differences of CIE L$\^$*/(lightness) and b$\^$*/(yellowness) were not found by storage days and xanthophylls sources. The a$\^$*/(redness) after 12 day storage was significantly (p＜0.05) decreased in all treatments, but those of T4 and T5 were higher than those of others. These results showed that feeding of xanthophylls sources to chick could improve color intensity and inhibit lipid oxidation of leg meat.

• Monthly Korean Chicken
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.104-109
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• 2012