• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.3-10
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• 2019

The entire duration of the long-term continuous construction contract project cannot be expected when calculating the initial budget as the construction of the contract is carried out annually according to the budget composition. In addition, the statutes related to the defect liability and execution of contracts have not been established systematically in relation to the contract. Therefore, there are many problems at the actual construction site with regard to the defect liability or the performance of the contract in relation to the contract. In this study, the following improvement directions were presented for the efficient operation of the contracts: First, the defect liability is legal and should be specified in an Act rather than an enforcement decree. Second, if the parties to the contract vary in the following order in the contract, the special agreement should be specified in the enforcement decree. Third, in the event of an indirect cost due to the extension of the period of the long-term continuous work, the contingency items of the total project cost management policy should be utilized. Fourth, in the case of general construction contract conditions, clauses related to the purchase of the premium of the CAR, inspection, taking over, defect repair, and defect inspection shall be supplemented.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.265-271
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• 2015

This study is the analysis about materials (from 2012 to 2014) which was stored in the data made from the 397 infants subjects who were born in 2012, with the basis of the preventive injection management, public health care information system by using SPSS win 18.0 program. After we analyzed the present non-injection state and the non-injection reasons with the basis of each birth month, each vaccine, each injection period, we found out that 89 infants(22.4%) were the ones who were not computerized. Except the 20 infants-the ones having uncertain phone numbers and addresses, and computerization errors, 69 infants (17.4%) were the ones that didn't get injection. We guided protective injection to them by sending SMS text message and we could inject 39 infants (9.8%) of them. We could achieve the high 92.4% injection rate. we want this research to be used to try wipe out the infectious diseases in this district and be utilized as the basic materials of protective injection cost support and health care policies, etc.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.10
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• pp.775-784
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• 2022

In this study, to determine the optimal order of the full-logged I-D-F polynomial equation, which is mainly used to calculate the probable rainfall over a temporal rainfall duration, the probable rainfall was calculated and the regression coefficients of the full-logged I-D-F polynomial equation was estimated. The optimal variable of the polynomial equation for each station was selected using a stepwise selection method, and statistical significance tests were performed through ANOVA. Using these results, the statistically appropriately calculated rainfall intensity equation for each station was presented. As a result of analyzing the variable selection outputs of the full-logged I-D-F polynomial equation at 9 stations in Gyeongbuk, the 1^st to 3^rd order equations at 6 stations and the incomplete 3^rd order at 1 station were determined as the optimal equations. Since the 1^st order equation is similar to the Sherman type equation and the 2^nd order one is similar to the general type equation, it was presented as a unified form of rainfall intensity equation for convenience of use by increasing the number of independent variables. Therefore, it is judged that there is no statistical problem in considering only the 3^rd order polynomial regression equation for the full-logged I-D-F.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2013

On this study, engineering properties of SGR method and SMI method, which are typical sodium silicate methods, were compared through the laboratory test and durability, strength, waterproof characteristic and environmental effects were compared and analyzed with period and condition of curing on each case. As a result of durability test, volume change of SGR is approximately 23-times greater than SMI and the effects on environment are appeared safe on all method. In case of waterproof characteristic test, permeability coefficient is decreased about 24% on SMI, whereas on SGR permeability coefficient is showed to increase because rapid volume change make wider void. Strength characteristics of SMI are appeared higher about 11-times in case of homogel and 3.9-times in case of sandgel than SGR. Which is because volume change of SMI, caused by leaching, is smaller than SGR.

• Clean Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2010

The characteristics of desorption reaction and the heating values of used activated carbons collected from the companies of Shiwha/Banwal industrial complex were investigated. The desorption characteristics of used activated carbons were analyzed based on the data obtained from a thermogravimetric analyzer. The activation energies and reaction orders for desorption reaction of used activated carbons were calculated by employing Freeman-Carroll method. Heating values of volatile organic compounds(VOC) desorbed from used activated carbons were estimated based on the data obtained from a total hydrocarbon analyzer. It was found that the reaction orders of desorption of used activated carbons were 0.1~0.8, their desorption activation energies, 6.9~26.4 kJ/mol, and VOC heating values, 0.4~10.7 kcal/kg.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.111 no.4
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• pp.613-621
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• 2022

The study aim was to investigate changes in the diameter, number of standing trees, stand volume per ha and site index by the forest survey order, climate zone (northern temperate, central temperate, southern temperate, and warm temperate regions), and altitude in 100 m intervals) by collecting samples of Robinia pseudoacacia from the fifth, sixth, and seventh national forest survey datasets. The rotation cutting age, which is a standard used for wood, was calculated. The changes were statistically analyzed by performing ANOVA and the Duncan multiple test. Diameter growth naturally increased according to the forest survey order and was lowest in the southern temperate region by climate zone and lowest at the 301-400 m altitude. The number of standing trees per ha did not change according to the forest survey order and altitude, and the density was highest in the central temperate region and lowest in the southern temperate region. The stand volume per ha increased according to the forest survey order, and the climate zone was divided into two groups: ① northern temperate region and central temperate region, ② southern temperate region and warm temperate region. The stand volume growth was highest at the 201-300 m point. Thesite index showed results similar to the change pattern of the stand volume per ha. The growth curve, which can be seen by the change in stand volume per ha, was estimated by applying theWeibull formula, and the stand volume per ha was estimated to reach approximately 200 m³/ha at 50-60 years. The rotation of the highest production in volume, which is the standard for using trees as wood rather than honey sources, was calculated to be 34 years.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.487-498
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• 2016

The Ministry of Education has serviced nationwide the diagnosis-supplement system for basic academic skills for elementary and middle schools since 2013. The purpose of this paper is to propose an improvement plans of the diagnosis-supplement system by analysing system utilization status, 2015 and requirements of teachers and experts. For this study, over three times the taking rates and achievement rates were analyzed and the interviews and consultations of teachers and professionals were also analyzed. In conclusion, we proposed the improvement plans of the diagnosis-supplement system for the each of teachers and students.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.59-78
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• 1998

'90년대에 들어서면서 급속한 경제성장과 함께 자동차수가 급증하여 '97년에는 1.000만대를 돌파 하였다. 자동차수의 증가와 함께 교통사고도 나날이 늘어 '96년에는 사망자가 12,600여명에 이르렀다. 교 통사고는 막대한 인명피해와 함께 사회적으로 많은 비용을 소모한다. 교통사고로 인한 사회적 비용의 추정은 교통안전사업의 효과분석 및 기타 교통관련사업에서 꼭 필요한 자료이다. 이제까지 국내에서 수 행된 교통사고비용은 1년간의 전체 사고비용만을 추정하고 사고등급별 사고건당 사고비용은 도출하지 못하였다. 이에 본연구는 교통관련사업에서 꼭필요한 자료이다. 이제까지 국내에서 수행된 교통사고 비 용은 1년간의 전체 사고비용만을 추정하고 사고등급별 사고건당 사고비용은 도출하지 못하였다. 이에 본 연구는 교통관련사업에 필수적인 사고심각도에 따른 교통사고비용을 도출하려한다. 교통사고비용을 산출하는 대표적인 방법에는 총생산손실법과 개인선호성법이 있으나 본연구에서는 총생산손실법을 이용 하였다. 교통사고비용 항목은 사고로 인한 생산손실비용, 의료비용, 차량수리비용, 행정비용 및 PGS(Pain, Grief & Suffering) 비용으로 구분된다. 이중에서 PGS비용은 국내에서는 처음으로 고려된 항 목으로 교통사고 피해자 및 가족의 물질적·정신적 피해비용을 의미한다. 본연구에서는 각 항목의 비용 추계를 가능한 한 종합적이고 체계적이며 구체적으로 산출하였으며 그결과 사고등급별 건당 교통사고비 용을 도출하였다. PGS를 고려하지 않은 경우 사망사고 1건당 2억4천만원이고 중상사고 1건당 2천3백만 원 경상사고 1건당 7백 9십만원으로 추정되었다. 또한 사망자와 부상자 1인당 평균사고비용은 각각 2억 1천만원과 1천1백만원으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.263-272
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• 2003

Various types of geosynthetics have been manufactured and their applications are rapidly extended disregarding unreliable lifetime, chemical and biological persistence and puncture resistance. Puncture resistance of geosynthetics in earth structures and liner systems has been a critical issue to be improved. In this paper, comparative studies were made on a puncture resistance of various geosynthetics that were used to a liner system. Two types of puncture tools and rubles and gravels were used to generate punctures on geosynthetics. From the results it is shown that types of puncture tools affect puncture resistance of materials significantly and puncture forces were irregular depending upon puncture tools and materials.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.5-24
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to analyze the distribution structure and the logistics system of light petroleum products from the spatial perspectives. The consumption structure of petroleum products has been changed since the mid 1980s. The growth rate of consumption for light products has been much faster than those of heavy products. The distribution structure of the petroleum products is hierarchically established by refining companies, agencies, and gas stations. The petroleum products agencies are distributed unevenly over the country, and the number of gas stations per one petroleum agency are very differentiated by the region. The light products are directly transported from refining factories to oil storages and then are carried to gas stations. According to the locational characteristics, oil storages which play a key role in the logistics system are categorized into three type. The first type is demand-oriented oil storages which are located near or in the large cities to supply the light petroleum products. The second type is harbors-oriented oil storages which are located within harbors. The third type is railway-oriented oil storages which are located along railway stations. In this study, the thresholds of one oil storage and one gas station are calculated based on the size of supply territory for each oil storage. The average number of population demand that allow a oil storage to stay in business is 1.9 million and average number of cars are 477,200.