• The Microorganisms and Industry
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.23-26
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• 1988

자연계에 있어서 질소는 대기중의 분자상질소를 비롯하여 초산, 암모니아와 같은 무기태질소, 단백질, 핵산 등의 유기태질소 등 다양한 형태로 존재하며 생물권내에서 흡수, 고정, 대사, 분해되는 등 다양한 순환을 거듭하고 있다. 대기중의 분자상질소는 Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Klebsielle, Clostridium, Blue-green algae 및 광합성세균 등에 의해 고장되어 암모니아의 형태로 환원된다. 한편 대부분의 식물들은 초산이나 암모니아 형태의 질소를 흡수 동화하여 핵산, 단백질을 만들고 이들 구성물은 사후 암모니아로 재분해 된다. 또한 동식물의 유체내지는 배설물들도 각기 분해되어 암모니아의 형태로 변화되는데 이와같은 일련의 질소순환(nitrogen cycle)은 초화세균, 탈질세균 내지는 질소고정균등 대부분의 미생물에 의해 크게 지배를 받고 있다.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.147-152
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• 2003

질소 용해도가 낮은 ${\delta}$상으로 응고가 시작되는 16Cr-3Ni 계 스테인리스강의 응고시 질소기포 형성에 미치는 질소 함량과 냉각속도의 영향이 조사되었으며 이를 기반으로 질소 기포 결함이 발생하는 임계 질소 함량을 예측하는 방법을 제시하였다. 질소함량의 증가는 질소 기포 결함을 증가시켰으며, 냉각속도의 증가는 질소기포결함의 형성을 다소 억제 할 수 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 실험적으로 구한 Fe-16Cr-3Ni-9Mn 합금의 임계 질소 함량은 0.19wt%였으며, 임계 질소 압력은 평형응고로 가정한 경우 1.27atm, Scheil 응고로 가정한 경우에는 1.23atm으로 계산되었다. 질소 용해도를 증가시킬 수 있는 Mn 함량의 변화에 따른 임계 질소 함량의 변화를 예측하기 위하여 계산된 임계 질소 압력을 Fe-16Cr-3Ni-11Mn 합금에 적용하였으며 이를 통해 얻은 임계 질소 함량은 평형응고로 가정한 경우 0.25wt%, Scheil 응고로 가정한 경우에는 0.24wt% 로 예측되었다. 예측 결과의 타당성을 확인하기 위하여 Fe-16Cr-3Ni-11Mn 합금의 실험 결과와 비교하였으며, 일치하는 결과가 얻어졌다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 1985

뿌리에서 흡수된 질소는 대부분이 질산태이온으로 잎의 엽맥까지 도달하나 엽육에서 급격히 환원되어 유기태질소로 동화한다. 잎의 주맥을 통과하여 세맥까지 질산태질소로 이동되며 전질소의 1/2이상의 양까지 다다르나 엽육에서는 전질소함량이 엽맥의 5배까지 증가되어도 질산태질소는 $10^{-2}$ 정도로 급격히 환원되었다. 칼륨은 엽맥까지 질소와 동반 이동하나 엽육에서의 질산태질소환원에 의하여 이동이 차단되는 현상을 보였다. 엽육에 축적된 칼륨은 능금산의 축전을 촉진하였고 질산환원효소의 활성이 왕성하게 일어나는 하위엽에 높은 농도로 축적되었다.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.50-57
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• 2008

Winter season cultivation of rye as green manure for soybean have been a favorite with farmer because it could remove a risk of injury by continuous cropping and increase N uptake and yield of soybean. Effects of rye green manure on soybean N uptake, $N_2$ fixation and yield were investigated with $^{15}N$ as pot experiment in greenhouse in 2004 and field in 2005, respectively. The N derived from N fertilizer ($^{15}N$) in rye green manure increased with increasing of N fertilizer rate compared to N derived from soil. N uptake and DM yield of soybean at the pot with paddy soil was higher than those at the pot with upland soil mainly due to the increase of N uptake from paddy soil. Total $^{15}N$ recovery in soil was higher at rye green manure than no green manure because $^{15}N$ applied to rye plant was remained highly as soil organic N compared to chemical N fertilizer. $^{15}N$ recovery in soybean plant increased in proportion to amounts of N fertilizer applied to rye. The N fractions from $N_2$ fixation of soybean plant at the pot experiment in 2004 ranged from 92% to 95%, on the other hand those in field experiment in 2005 ranged from 82% to 84%. Estimation of amount of $N_2$ fixation was not different between Difference method and $^{15}N$ method in 2004 and 2005.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.204-213
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• 2012

The objectives of this research were to estimate nitrogen budgets in agriculture and livestock in 2010, and to evaluate nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) emission by a local government. Input-output budgets for nitrogen were categorized into two sections including agriculture and livestock. Fertilizer, deposition, fixation, compost, irrigation, and feed were used as the nitrogen inputs while crop production, crop uptake, denitrification, volatilization, leaching, compost, and ocean disposal were used as the nitrogen outputs. Annual nitrogen input and output for agriculture and livestock were 1,148,848 N ton/yr and 610,380 N ton/yr respectively indicating the decrease of the nitrogen input and output, compared to our previous researches in 2005 and 2008. Total nitrogen input in 16 local government was estimated resulting that $N_2O$ emission was the highest for Jeonnam (2,574 ton/yr) and the lowest for Seoul (7 ton/yr).

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.146-152
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• 1988

In order to examine the seasonal variation of organic and inorganic nitrogen compounds, nitrogen compounds in compost were determined at various composting periods. Total nitrogen, organic nitrogen and biodegradable nitrogen contents in compost were almost not changed, while nonbiodegradable nitrogen contents were increased a little with the lapse of composting time. But effective contents of total nitrogen, organic nitrogen and biodegradable nitrogen were decreased with the progress of composting, while effective contents of nonbiodegradable nitrogen were not changed during composting. Ammonium nitrogen contents in compost were highest at the start of composting, and then the contents were decreased with the lapse of composting time. But after turning the contents were increased again, and thereafter the contents were decreased with the progress of composting. Nitrate contents showed a tendency adverse to ammonium nitrogen contents. Organic nitrogens in organic matter in compost were increased slowly within 9 weeks after composting, and thereafter the contents were increased rapidly to 21 weeks after composting. Total nitrogen contents determined by $F{\"{o}}rster$ Method were higher than those determined by Kjeldahl Method. Total nitrogen contents determined by Kjeldahl Method were 6% higher than biodegradable nitrogen contents determined by $F{\"{o}}rster$ Method. Loss of nitrogen in compost was highest at early periods of composting and its losses determined by Kjeldahl Method and $F{\"{o}}rster$ Method in 30 weeks after composting were 50% and 48% of total nitrogen, respectively. Highly positive correlations were observed among total nitrogen determined by Kjeldahl Method, biodegradable nitrogen determined by Kjeldahl Method, total nitrogen determined by $F{\"{o}}rster$ Method and biodegradable nitrogen determined by $F{\"{o}}rster$ Method one another.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.253-258
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• 2005

It is necessary to determine a nitrogen supplying capacity (NSC) of soil for sustainable agriculture. NSC has been decided by directly detecting N mineralization potential (NMP) and inorganic nitrogen or by indirectly approximating from organic matter and chemical properties of soil. NMP is best method for NSC but it takes long period. A study was conducted to find a short-term incubation method using pepsin through 1) determining NMP of 3 upland and 3 paddy soils, 2) establishing analytical condition of pepsin digestion by comparing to NMP, 3) validating with relations to N requirements for maximum yield of rice. NMPs of 6 soils were ranges from $63mg\;N\;kg^{-1}$ to $156mg\;N\;kg^{-1}$. The pepsin digestion method of soil nitrogen was established by determining amino nitrogen from digesting 5 g of soil for 30 minutes by 0.02% pepsin. This method was so highly correlated with a maximum rate of nitrogen fertilizer that it could be used for determining NSC in paddy soil.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.57-61
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• 1998

Soybean and tobacco tissue cultured with modified MS media containing 4 different ratio(as N) of nitrate to ammonium combination which were 3:0, 2:1, 1:2 and 0:3. The highest callus growth in soybean were observed in the 2:1 medium. The medium containing nitrate only was detrimental to soybean callus growth. Tobacco callus grown with nitrate-only grew as well as those in the 2:1 and very slowly with ammonium-only. In tobacco callus, the total nitrogen in the callus increased with the increase of nitrogen concentration in the medium, but in soybean callus, the opposite result was noted. Nitrate reductase activity in tobacco callus was high when grown with nitrate-only but low with ammonium-only. In case of soybean callus, nitrate reductase activity was high in the 2:1 and remarkably low in nitrate-only medium. Both in soybean and tobacco callus, the activity of glutamine synthetase was high with nitrate-only, but low with ammonium.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.123-128
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• 1998

Legume winter cover crop hairy vetch(Vicia villosa Roth, HV) can supply mineral nitrogen for silage corn by HV cover killed. The purphose of this study was to understand changes of soil mineral N, yield and N uptake of silage corn by N level (0, 135kgFN/ha) and cover cmp(no cover crop: NCC, hairy vetch cover crop: HVC) at field of Crop Experiment Station in 1996. HV growth decreased soil mineral N concentration before seeding corn, but killed HV cover increased concentration of soil mineral N at surface soil (0~7.5cm) at six-leaf stage of corn. Total dry matter(DM) and N uptake of corn averaged over N level was more decreased in HVC than in NCC at silk stage, but N uptake of corn after silk was more increased in HVC than in NCC by N mineralized fiom HV killed, especially in OkgFNJha. N fertilization increased total DM and and N uptake of corn averaged over cover crop, especially more increased the DM and N uptake before silk stage. Early application of N fertilizer was recommendable in netillage silage corn using hairy vetch cover crop.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.70-70
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• 2021

강수의 변동성 중 특히 가뭄과 홍수의 급격한 연간 변화는 기후변화로 인하여 근래에 많이 발생하고 있다. 가뭄이 발생한 이후 홍수가 발생하거나 그와 반대의 현상이 발생하는 것을 날씨 편달(weather whiplash)라고 한다. 이러한 현상은 토양에 매설되어 수분을 저감하는 배수시설로 인하여 토양 수분 변동 및 무기질소 손실에 지배적은 영향을 준다. 이러한 질소 손실은 부영양화를 일으켜 생태계에 막대한 영향을 미치게 된다. 하지만, 토양 무기질소는 토양에서 체류시간이 길기 때문에 강우 변동성에 의해 발생하는 상호작용을 특정하고 분석하기에는 많은 어려움이 따른다. 이 문제를 해결하고자 이번 연구에서는 생태수문모형과 생물지질모형을 결함한 3차원 모델인 Dhara를 이용하여 토양 배수시설에서 유출되는 무기 질소의 농도 및 나이를 분석하였다. 여기서 나이란 화합물이 발생 하여 다른 형태로 변화하는데 걸리는 시간을 의미한다. 집중적으로 관리되는 경작지에 Dhara 모형을 적용하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 토양 수분과 질소의 나이를 분석한 결과 반응 화합물인 질소의 경우 토양 수분(비반응 화합물)과 비교하여 이전의 강우상태에 많은 영향을 받는 것으로 분석이 되었다. 가뭄이후 홍수가 발생할 때 배수시설에서 발생하는 질소의 유출이 그 반대 기상 환경인 홍수 이후 가뭄이 발생할 때 보다 더 많이 발생한 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 배수 흐름의 경우 질소의 거동과 반대하는 현상을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 질소유출 저감하여 강 및 바다에서 부영양화를 감소하기 위해 강수의 변동성과 연계하여 분석한다면 새로운 질소유출 저감 대책을 수립할 수 있는 가능성을 보여주었다.