• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.1007-1013
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• 2015

A COG (Cluster of Orthologous Groups of proteins) algorithm was applied to detect conserved genes in 711 prokaryotes. Only COG0080 (ribosomal protein L11) was common among all the 711 prokaryotes analyzed and 58 COGs were common in more than 700 prokaryotes. Nine COGs among 58, including COG0197 (endonuclease III) and COG0088 (ribosomal protein L4), were conserved in a form of one gene per one organism. COG0008 represented 1356 genes in 709 of the prokaryotes and this was the highest number of genes among 58 COGs. Twenty-two COGs were conserved in more than 708 prokaryotes. Of these, two were transcription related, four were tRNA synthetases, eight were large ribosomal subunits, seven were small ribosomal subunits, and one was translation elongation factor. Among 58 conserved COGs in more than 700 prokaryotes, 50 (86.2%) were translation related, and four (6.9%) were transcription related, pointing to the importance of protein-synthesis in prokaryotes. Among these 58 COGs, the most conserved COG was COG0060 (isoleucyl tRNA synthetase), and the least conserved was COG0143 (methionyl tRNA synthetase). Archaea and eubacteria were discriminated in the genomic analysis by the average distance and variation in distance of common COGs. The identification of these conserved genes could be useful in basic and applied research, such as antibiotic development and cancer therapeutics.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.80-85
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• 2017

Angelman syndrome is a rare disorder caused by deletion or inactivation of genes on the maternally inherited chromosome 15. This neurodevelopmental disorder is characterized by developmental and intellectual delay, speech impairment, sleep disturbance, seizures, motor dysfunction, and frequent laughing or smiling. Orofacial characteristics include a prominent mandible, large mouth, prominent cheeks, a tendency to rest the tongue between the dental arches, excessive drooling, and excessive chewing behavior. Patients with this syndrome usually require general anesthesia even in a simple operation, because of risk of perioperative seizure during dental procedure. This is a case report about dental treatment of a 3-year-old female patient with Angelman syndrome under general anesthesia. This case suggests that the dental treatment under general anesthesia can be considered a safe component for the uncooperative, delayed developmental patients with underlying disease. Also, periodic dental exam appointment should be made to provide the patients with preventive treatments and to make them remain familiar with the dental environment.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.113-117
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• 2008

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the use of midazolam only with midazolam with fentanyl or propofol in IV sedation. Methods: 24 cases were divided to midazolam group (M group), midazolam + fentanyl group (MF group), midazolam + propofol group (MP group) and midazolam + fentanyl + propofol group (MFP group). In M group, 2 ml midazolam was injected at first, than at 2 minutes interval 1-2 ml injected continuously depending on the level of sedation. In MP, MFP groups, propofol was injected at the speed of 15-20 ml/hr by infusion pump. In this study, the sedation level was evaluated by using OAA/S scale. In each groups, the recovery time was measured until OAA/S scale score level was 5, and pre and postoperative blood pressure change was measured. Each group's data was statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA. If significant statistical difference were observed, Dunnet test was performed, and control group was M group. Results: Pre and postoperative blood pressure change were not represent significant statistical difference in 4 groups (P value = 0.679 [systolic], P value = 0.206 [diastolic]). But recovery time were represent significant statistical difference (M group: 35.6, MF group: 32.5, MP group: 17.9, MFP group: 19.6 [P value = 0.002]). The result of Dunnet test on recovery time showed significant statistical difference on MF, MFP group when M group was control group. In MFP group, sedation was increased by using supplemental fentanyl, and postoperative pain control was dominant. Conclusion: To achieve the effect of anxiolysis, analgesia, amnesia effectively, and short recovery time, MFP group is mostly recommended.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2014

Extension of advanced odontogenic infection from deep neck fascial spaces into the mediastinum is heralded by chest pain, dyspnea, fever, and radiographic demonstration of mediastinal widening. The critical care should be done in a team approach by multiple medical and dental departments, such as, oral & maxillofacial surgery, otolaryngology, anesthesiology, chest surgery, and infection medicine. Especially, fluid & drug therapy, adequate incision & drainage and systemic supportive psychosedation care are important. But, acute hyperventilation can be produced by several distinct causes: severe anxiety, respiratory alkalosis, increased blood catecholamine levels, and a decrease in the level of the ionized calcium in the blood. The orofacial fears about acute pain, trismus, dysphagia, swelling and oral surgical treatment lead to the severe anxiety and increased blood catecholamine level by stress. Therefore, the most dental patient should be cared gently as the stress reduction protocol. In spite of the care, hyperventilation was occurred during psychosedation and local anesthesia for incision and drainage of the masticatory fascial space abscess with deep neck infection & mediastinitis. We suggest that the dental patient with advanced odontogenic infection must be attention for the manifestation of hyperventilation, especially in the medically compromised conditions.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.47-64
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• 2006

籬위제고화가심대청대정골추나요법적인식화이해(爲提高和加深對淸代正骨推拿寮法的認識和理解), 특선어차방면의의교심차유의사문환가치적(特選於此方面意義較深且有醫史文歡價値的) ${\ulcorner}$의종금감(醫宗金鑑) 정골심법요지(正骨心法要旨)${\lrcorner}$ 중적(中的) ${\ulcorner}$외치법(外治法)${\lrcorner}$ 진행료연구(進行了硏究), 획득여하연구결과(獲得如下硏究結果). 기수법총론부분(其手法總論部分), 파요지규정료정골수법적정의급기중요성(擺要地規定了正骨手法的定義及其重要性), 후유증적예방(後遺症的預防), 안환자원기강약이수요주의적사항(按患者元氣强弱而需要注意的事項), 정골의생적기본공화심이소질등문제(正骨醫生的基本功和心理素質等問題). 기정골수법부분(其正骨手法部分), 포괄모(包括模) 접(接) 단(端) 제(提) 접(按) 나(摩) 추(推) 나등팔법(拿等八法), 각법지적응증용현대용어해석여하(各法之適應症用現代用語解釋如下): 모법용어촉진(模法用於觸診), 접법용어골절치료(接法用於骨折治療), 단법용어탈위치료(端法用於脫位治療), 제법용어견인법(提法用於牽引法), 안마법용어연조직손상화골착건적치료(按摩法用於軟組織損傷和骨錯鍵的治療), 추나법용어절적운동(推拿法用於節的運動) 부리화관절적부완전결합적치료(不利和關節的不完全結合的治療). 기기구총론부분(其器具總論部分), 개소료십종정골치료용기구(介紹了十種正骨治療用器具), 각종기구적적응증급기효능용현대용어해석여하(各種器具的適應症及其效能用現代用語解釋如下): 이렴구유보호환부적효과(裏簾具有保護患部的效果), 진정용어동통(振挺用於疼痛) 부종(浮鍾) 경결적치료(硬結的治療), 피견용어견관절탈구적고정료법(被肩用於肩關節脫臼的固定療法), 격색속어리용자아체중적견인료법(擊索屬於利用自我體重的牽引療法), 루관속어분부동계단이용자아체중진행견인적료법(壘觀屬於分不同階段利用自我體重進行牽引的療法), 통목속어포추지압축성골절적래목치료용구(通木屬於胞推之壓縮性骨折的來木治療用具), 요주구유대요추골급기근육이상적부가보호대효과(腰柱具有對腰推骨及其筋肉異常的附加保護帶效果), 죽렴용어골절적고정치료(竹簾用於骨折的固定治療), 삼리구유대골절적쌍중고정효과(杉籬具有對骨折的雙重固定效果), 포슬구유대슬관절적고정효과(抱膝具有對膝關節的固定效果).

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.34-44
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• 2010

The causes for airway obstruction include foreign body aspiration, congenital structural abnormalities of the airway, infection, etc. And the potential causes of acute respiratory distress contain many situations, like hyperventilation, vasodepressor syncope, asthma, etc. A major factor that leads to the exacerbation of respiratory disorders is undue stress, either physiologic or psychologic. Psychologic stress in dentistry is the primary factor in the exacerbation of preexisting medical problems. Adequate pretreatment medical and dental evaluation of the prospective patient can often prevent respiratory problems from developing. The dentist can modify patient management to minimize the risk of exacerbating these conditions. When dental anxiety is a major factor, the use of psychosedative procedures and other stress-reduction techniques should also be considered. This is the report of a children case of airway obstruction and respiratory distress owing to sedation complication by use of Chloral hydrate and Ketamine before extraction of the mesiodens in a patient with bronchial asthma and tonsillar hyperplasia. After these situations, the patient was consulted & referred to the department of Pediatrics and Otorhinolaryngology.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.385-391
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to understand the food and nutritional value of based on the oriental Qi-flvor theory and to convergence understanding of dietary effects. In this study, dietary effect of Yulmubokyeoljuk based on oriental theory and analyzed the contents of general composition and minerals. We recognize the value as a food that can be used for therapy of Yulmubokyeoljuk. Phosphorus content was high and high calory foods. In addition, by discharging stagnant water in the spleen, excessive wetness is removed and the function of transportation of the spleen is strengthened. The results of this study suggest that it provided the basis of the characteristics of food and the necessity of convergence approach to dietary efficacy based on the traditional Qi-flvor theory and nutrional composition.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.494-498
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• 2000

A major concern in pediatric dentistry is maximizing risk management through optimal monitoring of respiratory function during sedation techniques, and Pulse Oximeter is one of the most popular devices for these purpose. Pulse Oximeter is non-invasive device for detecting the sensitive fraction between the saturated & desaturated hemoglobin. Several Studies proved that there is no significant difference between the $SpO_2$ and $SaO_2$. In this article, We examined three Pulse Oximeter $(3300MX^{(R)},\;OX90^{(R)},\;BPM200^{(R)})$. The Pulse Oximeter using shorter pulse beat averaging showed more sensitive reaction to the statue of the patient and lower saturation data. We compared pair of Pulse Oximeter applied to one patient at one time. and $BPM200^{(R)}$(using shorter pulse beat averaging) showed statistically low saturation.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.192-198
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• 2012

Revascularization of the pulp in a necrotic, infected immature tooth with apical periodontitis was attempting several years. Revascularization of partially necrotic pulp in an immature tooth is based on the concept that vital dental stem cells can survive pulpal necrosis. Revascularization procedure obtains longer and thicker roots in teeth with necrotic pulp diagnosis. Pulp revascularization for immature permanent molars can be possibly applied on cases having difficulty to use conventional root canal treatment due to abnormally thin root canal wall or severe root curvature. Also, when an uncooperative patient does not agree with sedative treatment the revascularization can be useful. And a patient with disability who is barely cooperative can be another indication of this treatment. In this case report, pulp revascularization using triple-antibiotics, metronidazole, ciprofloxacine and minocycline, was applied on the immature first permanent molar infected by caries.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.161-165
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• 2012

Lowe syndrome, also known as oculocerebrorenal syndrome, is a rare genetic disorder involving eyes, kidney, brain and musculoskeletal system, and occurs predominantly in males. The patient with Lowe syndrome is characterized with congenital cataracts, glaucoma, prominent forehead, thin and sparse hair, mental and growth retardation, muscular hypotonia, renal dysfunction, and metabolic bone disease. We have experienced a 10-year-old boy with Lowe syndrome who had poor oral hygiene and trouble for teeth brushing. To manage his behavior and systemic metabolic disorder, sedation was performed during dental care. Excessive calculus formation in this patient is caused by both medication and lack of ability to maintain oral hygiene. The dental management of those patients has to be focused on prevention due to difficulties in dental treatment and dangers of general anesthesia for the Lowe syndrome.