• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.527-532
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• 2013

The wireless visible light communication technology has received great attention for high-data rate services in the room and underwater. However, performance of a visible light seawater link is limited by multiple constraints from the current light source and detector technology, and underwater channel conditions. In this paper, performance of the line of sight underwater link was analyzed in terms of signal to noise ratio and bit error rate of the detector. Roles of different parameters such as data rate, transmission distance, and attenuation coefficient, are studied. Through the modeling and simulation of the OOK and L-PPM modulation technologies for undersea environment application, the advantages and limitations are described in detail.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2006

Gap junction is an ion channel forming between adjacent cells. It also acts as a membrane channel like sodium or potassium channels in a single cell. The amino acid residues up to the $10^{th}$ position in the amino (N)-terminus of gap junction hemichannel affect gating polarity as well as current-voltage (I-V) relation. While wild-type Cx32 channel shows negative gating polarity and inwardly rectifying I-V relation, T8D channel in which threonine residue at $8^{th}$ position is replaced with negatively charged aspartate residue shows reverse gating polarity and linear I-V relation. It is still unclear whether these changes are resulted from the charge effect or the conformational change of the N-terminus. To clarify this issue, we made a mutant channel harboring cysteine residue at the $8^{th}$ position (T8C) and characterized its biophysical properties using substituted-cysteine accessibility method (SCAM). T8C channel shows negative gating polarity and inwardly rectifying I-V relation as wild-type channel does. This result indicates that the substitution of cysteine residue dose not perturb the original conformation of wild-type channel. To elucidate the charge effect two types of methaenthiosulfonate (MTS) reagents (negatively charged $MTSES^-$ and positively charged $MTSET^+$) were used. When $MTSES^-$ was applied, T8C channel behaved as T8D channel, showing positive gating polarity and linear I-V relation. This result indicates that the addition of a negative charge changes the biophysical properties of T8C channel. However, positively charged $MTSET^+$ maintained the main features of T8C channel as expected. It is likely that the addition of a charge by small MTS reagents does not distort the conformation of the N-terminus. Therefore, the opposite effects of $MTSES^-$ and $MTSETT^+$ on T8C channel suggest that the addition of a charge itself rather than the conformational change of the N-terminus changes gating polarity and I-V relation. Furthermore, the accessibility of MTS reagents to amino acid residues at the $8^{th}$ position supports the idea that the N-terminus of gap junction channel forms or lies in the aqueous pore.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.761-769
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• 2009

In this paper, we report on the channel capacity and diversity gain of the vehicle on-glass antenna for FM radio reception. The correlation coefficient and channel capacity were obtained using the simulated 3D radiation pattern of each antenna and the Rayleigh channel model for urban environment. To examine the channel capacity we used two antennas which are a simple straight antenna and L-type antenna. Then we observed the available channel capacity by varying the position of feeds and the shape of the L-type antenna. The sample antenna, which has a maximum feed distance with different polarizations, was built and the receiving performance was measured in the weak FM field area. From the results we confirmed that the distance between the feeds should be placed as far as possible for the high channel capacity. If the distance between the feeds are greater than a certain threshold value than the polarizations of the two antennas are getting more important for determining the channel capacity.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.277-284
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• 2012

In this study, a heat-transfer performance analysis is carried out for a multi-channel volumetric air receiver for a solar power tower. On the basis of a series of reviews regarding the relevant literature, a calculation process is proposed for the prediction of the wall- and air- temperature distributions of a single channel at given geometric and input conditions. Furthermore, a unique mathematical model of the receiver effectiveness is presented through analysis of the temperature profile. The receiver is made of silicon carbide. A total of 225 square straight channels per module are molded to induce the air flow, and each channel has the dimensions of $2mm(W){\times}2mm(H){\times}0.2mm(t){\times}320mm(L)$. The heat-transfer rate, temperature distribution and effectiveness are presented according to the variation of the channel and module number under uniform irradiation and mass flow rate. The available air outlet temperature applied to the solar power tower should be over $700^{\circ}C$. This numerical model was actually used in the design of a 200 kW-level commercial solar air receiver, and the required number of modules satisfying the thermal performance could be obtained for the specified geometric and input conditions.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2012

Plastic products are producted more than 70% of total processes in the injection molding. The injection molding process has 4 processes such as filling, packing, cooling and ejecting. It spends most of times in the cooling process. Therefore, it is important to control the mold temperature in producing plastic products. The time and system of cooling affect the product's quality and productivity. Especially, cooling time has about 60% of total injection cycle time. Therefore, we can improve a productivity by shortening cooling time. In this study, it was made a comparative study about cooling of linear channels and baffles and observed the variation of mold temperature on the coolant's temperature. As the result, the linear channel's cooling rate had faster than baffles and as coolant's temperature was increased, difference of cooling time was increased. Result of this study will be used widely to design for cooling system of injection mold.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.203-207
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• 2011

LED is in the spotlight as next generation's lighting due to the fact that it has good efficiency on converting electricity to light and has long life time. Recently it expands the scope up to taillight of car, signal lamp and indoor light. Additionally it can send data information simultaneously with lighting, which is called lighting-communication convergence. In this paper, the channel characteristics of LED wireless communication is studied in the condition that indoor is latticed with 1mm span and photons started from LED are firstly arrived at each lattice after that these move as straight line before meeting photodiode(PD).

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.390-395
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• 2004

In order to characterize ion channels present in tomato roots, microsomes were incorporated into an artificial lipid bilayer arranged for electrophysiological analysis. Of the five different ion channels that could be found, a channel of 450 pS conductance was found most frequently. This channel displayed subconductance states of 450, 257 and 105 pS. All subconductance states showed linear current-voltage relationships. At positive holding potentials, high frequency of transient channel openings was observed; however, at negative potentials, the open times were long and open probability high. Po was 0.83 at -40 mV. When an additional 50 mM $K^+\;or\;Na^+$ was added to the cis side of bilayer, the reversal potentials shifted in the negative direction to near -10 mV. Thus, the 450 pS cation channel selects poorly between $K^+\;and\;Na^+$. In the presence of $100\;{\mu}M$ metal ions, the channel activity was severely inhibited by $La^{3+},\;Ba^{2+},\;and\;Zn^{2+}$, and Po was decreased to 0.2 or even less. However, $Al^{3+}\;and\;Cd^{2+}$ decreased the activity by only 20%. Interestingly, each metal ion showed different kinetics of channel inhibition. While $500\;{\mu}M\;La^{3+}$ inhibited the activities of all subconductance state, 1 mM $Zn^{2+}$ inhibited all except the 105 pS state. $Cd^{2+}$ changed the gating of the channel from a long-opening state to brief transient openings even at negative holding potentials. These data represent that the metal ions may have different binding sites on the channel protein and could be useful modulators and probes to investigate structural characteristics as well as the functional roles of the 450 pS channel on the root physiology.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.410-414
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• 2009

홍수 유량 측정에 주로 활용되는 봉부자법은 신속하고 간편하게 유량을 측정할 수 있지만, 부자의 유하 경로를 정확하게 알 수 없으므로 가정된 직선을 따라 유하하지 않을 경우 유속과 단면적 계산에 불확실성이 다소 크게 발생하는 단점이 있다. 또한 측정에 소요되는 시간이 짧지만, 대개 현장에서 유량 계산이 바로 이루어지지 못하므로 측정 유량의 적절성을 충분히 평가하지 못한다. 본 연구에서는 봉부자법의 장점은 살리고 단점을 개선할 수 있는 전자부자 시스템을 개발하고 이를 이용하여 유량을 산정하였다. 개발된 전자부자 시스템은 GPS에 의해 유하경로를 획득하여 RF 통신을 통해 실시간으로 기지국에 정보를 전송한다. 기지국은 3개 RF 채널을 통해 최대 15개의 전자부자의 위치 정보를 동시에 수집하며, 각 전자부자의 유하경로와 미리 측량한 단면 자료를 결합하여 측정과 동시에 자동으로 유속을 계산한다. 이렇게 계산된 유속은 지리정보와 결합되어 있으므로 하천의 평면 2차원적 흐름 특성을 나타내는데 활용될 수 있으며, 나아가 미리 측량된 단면 자료와 결합하여 측정과 동시에 즉각 유량이 얻어질 수 있다. 이러한 점에서 본 연구는 전자부자를 이용하여 현장에서 유속과 유량을 실측한 사례를 제시하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2014.05a
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• pp.250-253
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• 2014

Due to limited resource, marine communication is severely limited when compared to communications in land. Radio relay facilities, etc. based on a wired network through a long distance communication is possible. In addition, the aircraft is in the air, the ground-based network service based on long-range straight-line distance and elevation (LOS: Line of Sight) communications. On the other hand, the distance in a straight line to the sea, the sea level because communication is limited or through satellite, underwater communications relay equipment installed in the communication scheme has been investigated.. In this paper, using TCP-based real-time joint maritime security communication links were studied. Harsh marine environment, real-time communication that can provide secure communications and propose a LINK joint. In this study, more secure, and convenient communications at sea, a plan was presented to you.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.73-80
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• 2002

본 연구는 U자형 생산라인(U라인)에서의 라인밸런싱 문제를 해결하기 위한 유전알고리즘을 제시한다. U라인에서는 사이클 타임 내에 제품이 들어가는 방향과 나오는 방향의 작업을 한 작업자가 수행 할 수 있어서, 재공품 수량을 일정하게 유지한다거나 작업부하를 평활화 하는 등의 라인관리가 기존 직선라인에 비해 용이하다. U라인은 JIT(Just-ln-Time)생산 시스템에서 흔히 볼 수 있다. 본 연구는 U라인에서 사이클 타임이 고정되었을 때 작업장 또는 작업자의 수를 최소로 하면서 동시에 작업장에 할당된 작업들 간의 관련성을 최대화하는 라인밸런싱 문제를 다루었다. 라인밸런싱에 관한 기존 연구는 대부분 직선라인에 관한 것으로 U라인의 장점을 충분히 활용하지 못한다. 특히, 라인의 작업장의 수를 최소화하는 문제는 많은 대안해가 있음에도 불구하고, 작업관련성을 고려하여 해를 구하는 기법에 관한 연구는 아직 미미한 실정이다. 실제 조립라인에서는 가능한 한 관련된 작업들을 동일한 작업자에 할당하는 것이 바람직하며, 이러한 작업편성은 작업자의 작업능률을 향상시킬 수 있다. 유전알고리즘은 자연계의 적자생존과 생물학적 진화과정을 모방한 탐색기법으로 조합최적화 문제에 효과적인 기법으로 널리 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 유전알고리즘을 이용하여 U라인에서 작업관련성을 고려한 라인밸런싱 문제를 해결하기 위한 기법을 개발하였다. 문제의 목적에 적합한 개체의 평가함수가 제시되었으며, 개체의 형질을 효과적으로 자손에 유전할 수 있고 유전 연산이 용이한 개체의 표현방법과 개체의 해석방법이 제시되었다. 컴퓨터 실험을 통하여 개발한 알고리즘의 성능을 보였다.월 초순부터 중순에 각각 최고 성기를 나타내었다. H. papariensis의 암컷과 수컷의 발광양상을 분석하고자 정지발광과 구애 발광을 구분하여 조사하였고 각각의 발광지속시간과 발광주기를 구분하여 측정하였다. 수컷의 발광지속시간은 정지발광(0.12초)보다 구애발광(0.17초)에서 1.4배 증가하였으며 암컷의 발광지속시간은 정지발광(0.15초)보다 구애발광(0.19초)에서 1.5배 증가하였다. 발광주기는 수컷에서 정지발광(1.26초)보다 구애발광(1.12초)에서 0.88배 감소하였고, 암컷에서 정지발광(2.99초)보다 구애발광(1.06초)에서 0.35배 감소하였다. 발광양상에서 발광주파수는 수짓의 정지발광에서 0.8 Hz, 수컷 구애발광에서 0.9 Hz, 암컷의 정지발광에서 0.3 Hz, 암컷의 구애발광에서 0.9 Hz로 각각 나타났다. H. papariensis의 발광파장영역은 400 nm에서 700 nm에 이르는 모든 영역에서 확인되었으며 가장 높은 첨두치는 600 nm에 있고 500에서 600 nm 사이의 파장대가 가장 두드러지게 나타났다. 발광양상과 어우러진 교미행동은 Hp system과 같은 결과를 얻었다.하는 방법을 제안한다. 즉 채널 액세스 확률을 각 슬롯에서 예약상태에 있는 음성 단말의 수뿐만 아니라 각 슬롯에서 예약을 하려고 하는 단말의 수에 기초하여 산출하는 방법을 제안하고 이의 성능을 분석하였다. 시뮬레이션에 의해 새로 제안된 채널 허용 확률을 산출하는 방식의 성능을 비교한 결과 기존에 제안된 방법들보다 상당한 성능의 향상을 볼 수 있었다., 인삼이 성장될 때 부분적인 영양상태의 불충분이나 기후 등에 따른 영향을