• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.1092-1100
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• 2005

In the present study, characteristics of steady state laminar flows of a straight duct connected to a 180$^{o}$ curved duct were examined in the entrance region through experimental and numerical analyses. For the analysis, the governing equations of laminar flows in the Cartesian coordinate system were applied. Flow characteristics such as velocity profiles and secondary flows were investigated numerically and experimentally in a square cross-sectional straight duct by the PIV system and a CFD code(STAR CD). For the PIV measurement, smoke particles produced from mosquito coils. The experimental data were obtained at 9 points dividing the test sections by 400 3m. Experimental and numerical results can be summarized as follows. 1) Reynolds number, Re was increased, dimensionless velocity profiles at the outer wall were increased due to the effect of the centrifugal force and secondary flows. 2) The intensity of a secondary flow became stronger at the inner wall rather than the outer wall regardless of Reynolds number. Especially, fluid dynamic phenomenon called conner impact were observed at dimensionless axial position, x/D$_{h}$=50.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.1058-1065
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• 2004

In the present study, characteristics of steady state laminar flows of a straight duct connected to a 180$^{\circ}$ curved duct were examined in the entrance region through experimental and numerical analyses. For the analysis, the governing equations of laminar flows in the Cartesian coordinate system were applied. Flow characteristics such as velocity profiles, and secondary flows were investigated numerically and experimentally in a square cross-sectional straight duct by the PIV system and a CFD code(STAR CD). For the PIV measurement, working fluid produced from mosquito coils smoke. The experimental data were obtained at 9 points dividing the test sections by 400 mm. Experimental and numerical results can be summarized as follows. Critical Reynolds number, Recr which indicates transition from laminar steady flow to transition steady flow was 2,150. As Reynolds number, Re, was increased, dimensionless velocity profiles at the outer wall were increased due to the effect of the centrifugal force and the secondary flows. The intensity of a secondary flow became stronger at the inner wall rather than the outer wall regardless of Reynolds number.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.545-553
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• 2005

In the present study, The characteristics of developing steady laminar flows of a straight duct connected to a $180^{\circ}$ curved duct were examined In the entrance region through experimental measurement. Flow characteristics such as shear stress distributions, pressure distributions and friction coefficient experimentally in a square cross-sectional straight duct by using the PIV system. For the PIV measurement by particles produced from mosquito coils particles. The experimental data were obtained at 9 points dividing the test sections by 400mm. Experimental results can be summarized as follows. Critical Reynolds number, $Re_{cr}$ which indicates transition from laminar steady flow to transition steady flow was 2,150. Shear stress per unit length on the wall was stronger than that in the fully developed flow region. This was attributed to the fact that shear stress and pressure loss in the curvature of a duct were increased. Pressure distributions were gradually decreased irrespective of Reynolds number In the whole test section. This trends were in a good agreement with the reference results. Pipe friction coefficient in the steady state flow region was calculate from method of least squares. The co-relationship between fiction coefficient and Reynolds number was established as follow; ${\lambda}=56/Re$.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.569-578
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• 2003

In the present steady the flow characteristics of turbulent steady flows were experimentally investigated in the exit region of join stream. The experimental was carry out to measure the velocity profiles of air in a square duct. For the measurement of velocity profiles, a hot-wire anemometer was used. The experimental results shows that the velocity profiles do not change behind the fully developed flow region , which is defined as dimensionless axial direction x/Dh=50. In addition, the gradient of shear stress distribution became stable as the flow reached progress downstream.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.16-20
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• 1998

The critical reynolds number in a square-sectional straight duct is investigated experimentally. The experimental study for the air flow in a square-sectional straight duct is carried out to calssify critical Reynolds number on steady flow and unsteady flow. To calssify the critical Reynolds number we obtained velocity waveform by using a hot-wireanemometer and data acquisition system with photocorder.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제8D권3호
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• pp.203-210
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 저장 데이터베이스의 정보 시스템을 정제하여 새로운 객체를 근사 추론하기 위한 규칙 생성에 관한 연구이다. 이 때 많은 수의 규칙 생성은 의사결정자로 하여금 직관적인 판단을 어렵게 하며 의사 결정 시 부가되는 시간적인 단점도 있다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 확률적 러프 이론에 기반하여 규칙을 최대한 간결화 하는 데 주안점을 두었다. 제안하는 알고리즘은 러프 이론에 기반한 최적 리덕트를 생성하는 과정에 확률적 개념을 도입하여 리덕트 생성에서부터 어느 정도의 허용치를 부여함으로써 기존의 규칙 생성 알고리즘의 근사 결정 규칙을 보다 간결하게 표현할 수 있다. 이 과정에서 제안한 확률적 최소 리덕트 생성 알고리즘은 기존의 리덕트를 더욱 작게하여 추론에 필요한 조건 속성의 수를 최소화하였고 이는 확률적 근사 결정 규칙의 생성 과정에서 시간 복잡도에 따른 시간을 줄일 수 있다. 제안된 알고리즘을 이용하여 패턴 분류 문제에 표준적으로 사용되는 IRIS 데이터와 Wisconsin Breast Cancer 데이터에 대해 실험하였으며 허용된 분류율 하에서 규칙의 수와 간결함의 정도를 기존 알고리즘과 비교하였다.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2010

The turbulent flows in a tunnel mock-up($10L{\times}0.5W{\times}0.25H$ m3 : scale reduction 1/20) with rectangular cross section were investigated. The instantaneous velocity fields of Re = 49,029, 89,571 were measured by the 2-D PIV system which is consisted of double pulsed Nd:Yag laser and the tracer particles in the straight-duct mock-up where the flows were fully developed. The mean velocity profiles were taken from the ensemble averages of 1,000 instantaneous velocity fields. Simultaneously, numerical simulations(RANS) were performed to compare with experimental data using STREAM code. Non-linear eddy viscosity model (NLEVM : Abe-Jang-Leschziner Eddy Viscosity Model) was employed to resolve the turbulent flows in the duct. The calculated mean velocity profiles were well compared with PIV results. In the log-law profiles, the experimental data were in good agreement with numerical simulations all the way to the wake region except the viscous sub-layer (near wall region).

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.550-563
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• 2006

소프트웨어 재사용에 대한 활동들을 미리 계획하고 개발 프로세스의 연속적인 부분으로 이루어지도록 지원하는 방법이 소프트웨어 프로덕트 라인 공학이다. 이 방법에서 가장 중요한 것은 관련된 시스템들, 즉 도메인에서 공통성과 가변성(commonality and Variability: C&V)을 분석하는 일이다. 재사용 가능 항목들은 분석된 C&V를 명시적으로 나타냄으로써 프로덕트 라인의 핵심자산이 된다. 이러한 핵심 자산들은 소프트웨어 개발의 각기 다른 단계에서 생산되기 때문에 표현요소들의 추상화 수준이 다르며 이로 인해 각 핵심 자산이 가지고 있는 가변성 또한 각기 다른 수준에서 각기 다른 유형으로 나타나게 된다. 핵심자산의 C&V 분석에 대한 기존 연구들에서는 핵심자산의 구분 없이 일관되게 가변성을 분석하였으며, 공통성과 가변성 식별을 단지 개발자의 직관이나 도메인 전문가의 경험에 의존하고 있었다. 본 논문에서는 소프트웨어 프로덕트 라인에서 핵심자산의 가변성을 분석하기 위하여 수직적 측면과 수평적 측면으로 나누어 접근해가는 2차원적 분석방법을 제안한다. 수평적 접근 방법은 개발 프로세스의 각기 다른 단계에서 산출되는 요구사항, 아키텍처, 컴포넌트의 수준에서 가변성의 유형을 분석하는 것이고, 수직적 접근 방법은 가변성의 상세화 정도에 따라 공통성을 식별하는 수준과 가변점을 상세화하는 수준으로 나누어 분석하는 것이다. 이러한 2차원적 가변성 분석접근 방법은 핵심자산들의 가변성이 서로 연관관계를 가질 수 있도록 해주며, 핵심자산의 재사용 활동이 끊어짐 없이 이루어지도록 한다

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집E
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• pp.825-830
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• 2001

A numerical study on a quantitative analogy of the fully developed flow between in a straight square duct rotating about an axis perpendicular to that of the duct and a stationary curved duct of square cross-section is carried out. In order to clarify the similarity of two turbulent flows, the dimensionless parameters $K_{TR} = Re^{1/4}/\sqrt{Ro}$ and the Rossby number, Ro, in a rotating straight duct flow were used as a set corresponding to $K_{TC} = Re^{1/4}/\sqrt{{\lambda}}$ and curvature ratio, ${\lambda}$, in a stationary curved duct flow so that they have the same dynamical meaning as $K_{LR} = Re/\sqrt{Ro}$ and $K_{LC} = Re/\sqrt{{\lambda}}$ of the fully developed laminar flows. For the large values of Ro or A, it is shown that the flow field satisfies the asymptotic invariance property: there are strong quantitative similarities between the two flows such as flow patterns and friction factors for the same values of $K_L$ and $K_T$.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.842-849
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• 2002

The present study showed that a quantitative analogy of the fully developed laminar flows inorthogonally rotating rectangular ducts and stationary curved rectangular ducts of arbitrary aspect ratio could be established. In order to clarify the similarity of the two flows, the dimensionless parameters $K_{LR}$ =Re/√Ro and Rossby number Ro= $w_{m}$/$\Omega$d in a rotating strait duct were used as a set corresponding to Dean number $K_{LC}$ =Re/√λand curvature ratio λ=R/d in a stationary curved duct. Under the condition that the value of Rossby number and curvature ratio was large enough, the flow field satisfied the ‘asymptotic invariance property’: there were strong quantitative similarities between the two flows such as friction factors, flow patterns, and maximum axial velocity magnitudes for the same values of $K_{LR}$ and $K_{LC}$ .