• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.458-465
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• 2020

Technological advances in artificial intelligence are affecting many industries, such as telecommunications, logistics, security, and healthcare, and research and development related to economic, efficiency, linkage with commercial technologies are the current focus. Predicting the changes in the future battlefield environment and ways of conducting war from a strategic point of view, as well as designing/planning the direction of military development for a leading response is not only a basic element to prepare for comprehensive future threats but also an indispensable factor that can produce an optimal effect over a limited budget/time. From this perspective, this study was conducted as part of a technology-driven plan to discover potential future technologies with high potential for use in the defense field and apply them to R&D. In this study, based on research data collected in a defense future technology investigation, the future new technology that requires further research was predicted by considering the redundancy with existing defense research projects and the feasibility of technology. In addition, an empirical study was conducted to verify the significance between the future new defense technology and the evaluation indicators in the AI field.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.10B
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• pp.1050-1061
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• 2009

The Tactical Internet(TI) managed by Infantry Brigades is used for the purpose of sharing information of Command Control and Situation Awareness. When there are more than two destinations to transmit data in the TI system, a multicasting is utilized based on pre-defined multicast groups. However even in the case when a source node needs to send some messages like weathercast and attack alarm etc to only a part of Battalion or Brigades in a specific geographical region (destination region), the current TI multicasting protocol is designed to transmit the messages to the pre-defined group or all of the Battalion/Brigade nodes, resulting in inefficiency in terms of end-to-end delay and overhead. In this paper, we propose more efficient protocol for such cases, named as "Tactical Internet Geocasting (TIG)". The proposed scheme firstly checks whether the destination region belongs to one Battalion region or more than two Battalion regions using location information, and then performs a greedy forwarding from the source node to the destination region, followed by a local flooding inside of the destination region. With performance analysis and simulations using NS-2, TIG is compared to the current TI multicasting protocol (i.e., Simplified MDP) and the LBM (Location-based Multicast). The simulation results show that the proposed TIG is more efficient than both in terms of delay and network overhead.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37 no.5B
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• pp.385-394
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• 2012

The tactical mobile communication network, which comprises a part of the next-generation Tactical Information and Communication Network (TICN), provides means of communication and control for Tactical Multi-Functional Terminals (TMFT) belonging to a Mobile Subscriber Access Point (MSAP). The next-generation of MSAP is capable of constructing a backbone network via LCTR and HCTR directional antennas. At the same time, WMN modules are used to create and manage a wireless mesh backbone. When directional antennas are used in mobile environments, seamless services cannot be efficiently supported as the movement of the node prevents the angle of the antenna to constantly match. Therefore, data communication through the wireless mesh networks is required to provide direct communication between mobile MSAPs. Accordingly, mutual authentication and data encryption mechanisms are required to provide reliable data transmission in this environment. To provide efficient mutual authentication between MSAP devices, the process of verifying a certificate of the other MSAP device through its own authentication server is required. This paper proposes mutual authentication mechanisms where the MSAP requiring authentication and the MSAP that permits it initiates low-cost and efficient authentication in a distributed way. More specifically, we propose a method of applying EAP-ELS (Extensible Authentication Protocol-Transport Layer Security) in the next-generation TICN.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.235-254
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to develop a nursing management case simulation (NMCS) framework based on the five components of nursing management process and to apply it to clinical nursing practice of nursing college students. The subjects of this study were NMCS reports submitted by the 4th grade 105 nursing students of an university. The research tool is a simulation framework for nursing management practice. It reflects the brainstorming and debriefing process used in the previous simulation exercise based on the five elements of planning, organization, human resource management, directing and control of the nursing management process respectively. As a result of the study, 32 nursing management cases were found to have 79.6% correct rate, 11.6% concept error rate, and 5.6% classification error rate in the first brainstorming and debriefing process for the five components of nursing management process. On the other hand, in the second brainstorming and debriefing process, 94.6% correct rate, 0.0% concept error rate, and 4.4% classification error rate. Based on these results, the NMCS framework developed in this study can be applied to the nursing management theory and practice course of nursing college students as well as simulation based job training and maintenance educations for clinical nurses. Therefore, we propose follow-up studies in various clinical nursing settings and a longitudinal cohort study to investigate the effect of nursing management job skills of nursing college students after graduation.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.87-101
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• 2022

Cyber-attacks occur in the blink of an eye in cyberspace, and the damage is increasing all over the world. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a cyber common operational picture that can grasp the various assets belonging to the 3rd layer of cyberspace from various perspectives. By applying the method for grasping battlefield information used by the military, it is possible to achieve optimal cyberspace situational awareness. Therefore, in this study, the visualization screens necessary for the cyber common operational picture are identified and the criteria (response speed, user interface, object symbol, object size) are investigated. After that, the framework is designed by applying the identified and investigated items, and the visualization screens are implemented accordingly. Finally, among the criteria investigated by the visualization screen, an experiment is conducted on the response speed that cannot be recognized by a photograph. As a result, all the implemented visualization screens met the standard for response speed. Such research helps commanders and security officers to build a cyber common operational picture to prepare for cyber-attacks.

• Maritime Security
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.215-240
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• 2020

In 2017, the U.S. DARPA coined 'mosaic warfare' as a new way of warfighting. According to the Timothy Grayson, director of DARPA's Strategic Technologies Office, mosaic warfare is a "system of system" approach to warfghting designed around compatible "tiles" of capabilities, rather than uniquely shaped "puzzle pieces" that must be fitted into a specific slot in a battle plan in order for it to work. Prior to cover mosaic warfare theory and recent development, it deals analyze its background and several premises for better understanding. The U.S. DoD officials might acknowledge the current its forces vulnerability to the China's A2/AD assets. Furthermore, the U.S. seeks to complete military superiority even in other nation's territorial domains including sea and air. Given its rapid combat restoration capability and less manpower casualty, the U.S. would be able to ready to endure war of attrition that requires massive resources. The core concept of mosaic warfare is a "decision centric warfare". To embody this idea, it create adaptability for U.S. forces and complexity or uncertainty for the enemy through the rapid composition and recomposition of a more disag g reg ated U.S. military force using human command and machine control. This allows providing more options to friendly forces and collapse adversary's OODA loop eventually. Adaptable kill web, composable force packages, A.I., and context-centric C3 architecture are crucial elements to implement and carry out mosaic warfare. Recently, CSBA showed an compelling assessment of mosaic warfare simulation. In this wargame, there was a significant differences between traditional and mosaic teams. Mosaic team was able to mount more simultaneous actions, creating additional complexity to adversaries and overwhelming their decision-making with less friendly force's human casualty. It increase the speed of the U.S. force's decision-making, enabling commanders to better employ tempo. Consequently, this article finds out and suggests implications for Korea armed forces. First of all, it needs to examine and develop 'mosaic warfare' in terms of our security circumstance. In response to future warfare, reviewing overall force structure and architecture is required which is able to compose force element regardless domain. In regards to insufficient defense resources and budget, "choice" and "concentration" are also essential. It needs to have eyes on the neighboring countries' development of future war concept carefully.

• Journal of forensic and investigative science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.11-30
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• 2006

The preliminary investigative activities by the police officer play a critical role in identifying the cause of death in unnatural death investigations. The failure to secure the crime scene leads to the destruction of significant evidence, which results in the difficulty or impossibility to identify the cause of death. In order to prevent this jeopardizing crucial evidence, and to identify the level of preliminary investigation on the scene, this research is conducted and analyzed with questionnaires of 300 police first responders and 100 detectives. As a result, it was disclosed that there is a possibility for first responders to fail to ensure scene security, scene observation, and canvass interviews. Besides, when medical personnel have no choice but to contaminate the crime scene in order to save lives, it is necessary for them to take photos and to take proper actions before they enter the scene. The importance of scene-control education cannot be emphasized enough in order to prevent media from entering and destroying the evidence. Through research of actual conditions of unnatural death cases which occurred in Kyongbook Province for last five years, the statistics regarding a few different types of death were analyzed as follows. Evidence that homicide, suicide, accidental death, and disaster deaths have increased year by year. Therefore, it is deemed necessary for the government to take multilateral policies to reduce them, and for police to reinforce their investigative skills. Further, the insufficient number of autopsy facilities and forensic pathologists, only 13% of the deceased (1,237 cases) have had an autopsy conducted to identify the cause of death for last five years. The other, 87.3% (8,496 cases) of the deceased, were handled through simple postmortem examination. The significance of this percentage is that there is still the possibility not revealing the cause of unjust deaths. Therefore, it is necessary to furnish police agency with the reasonable amount of funding for autopsies and maintaining enough forensic pathologists.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.1461-1464
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• 2019

In this paper, we propose the development of embedded board for integrated radiation exposure protection fireman's life-saving alarm capable of location tracking and radiation measurement. The proposed techniques consist of signal processing unit, communication unit, power unit, main control unit. Signal processing units apply shielding design, noise reduction technology and electromagnetic wave subtraction technology. The communication unit is designed to communicate using the wifi method. In the main control unit, power consumption is reduced to a minimum, and a high performance system is formed through small, high density and low heat generation. The proposed techniques are equipment operated by exposure to poor conditions, such as disaster and fire sites, so they are designed and manufactured for external appearance considering waterproof and thermal endurance. The proposed techniques were tested by an authorized testing agency to determine the effectiveness of embedded board. The waterproof grade has achieved the IP67 rating, which can maintain stable performance even when flooded with water at the disaster site due to the nature of the fireman's equipment. The operating temperature was measured in the range of -10℃ to 50℃ to cope with a wide range of environmental changes at the disaster site. The battery life was measured to be available 144 hours after a single charge to cope with emergency disasters such as a collapse accident. The maximum communication distance, including the PCB, was measured to operate at 54.2 meters, a range wider than the existing 50 meters, at a straight line with the command-and-control vehicle in the event of a disaster. Therefore, the effectiveness of embedded board for embedded board for integrated radiation exposure protection fireman's life-saving alarm has been demonstrated.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.39
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• pp.37-61
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• 2014

Nowadays the world is threatened because of terrors that take aim at Soft-Targets available and easy to access to the people rather than more secured Hard-Targets. The inspection department of the Presidential Security Service develops and acts a perfect safety plan wherever the President stays so that it is possible to get immediate actions for various contingencies. Some events, in which the President take part, could be held in a lower or higher store in a tall building. Additional to the routine work at this case it is to emphasize on a plan of fire precaution to check the spot and respond to a real fire situation, so that the damage could be minimized. First, the agents of the President Security Service should possess basic knowledge concerning to the fire accidents and be trained on their manuals, even in a busy events plan. An organization, whatever it is, could be improved in that it tries to develop not only the personal abilities, but also education programs of the organization continually. And enhanced abilities of the members lead to the driving force for the advance. The knowledge of fire accident should be able to adapt to the real situation. Second, related to the event, it should be cooperated with the relevant departments, so that it is possible to conduct and control the system. It is urgently required to know that the security event could not be done perfectly with only one part or department. Third, from the time of recognizing of the event it is necessary for the fire department to get an action plan with fire fighting measures, evacuation measures based of the instructions given by the Security Service. Fourth, on the knowledge of the action plan of the fire department the Security Service should inspect the safety activities of the spot and establish the practical operation plan through the fire fighting and evacuation plan. Fifth, the Security Service should share final informations and plan of fire fighting in a high-rise building with the other relevant departments. If not, it could cause a great confusion that could lead to a great damage.

• Maritime Security
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.31-60
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• 2023

This study proposes a new convergence weapon system that combines the covert placement and detection abilities of a self-propelled mobile mine with the rapid tracking and attack abilities of supercavitating rocket torpedoes. This innovative system has been designed to counter North Korea's new underwater weapon, 'Haeil'. The concept behind this convergence weapon system is to maximize the strengths and minimize the weaknesses of each weapon type. Self-propelled mobile mines, typically placed discreetly on the seabed or in the water, are designed to explode when a vessel or submarine passes near them. They are generally used to defend or control specific areas, like traditional sea mines, and can effectively limit enemy movement and guide them in a desired direction. The advantage that self-propelled mines have over traditional sea mines is their ability to move independently, ensuring the survivability of the platform responsible for placing the sea mines. This allows the mines to be discreetly placed even deeper into enemy lines, significantly reducing the time and cost of mine placement while ensuring the safety of the deployed platforms. However, to cause substantial damage to a target, the mine needs to detonate when the target is very close - typically within a few yards. This makes the timing of the explosion crucial. On the other hand, supercavitating rocket torpedoes are capable of traveling at groundbreaking speeds, many times faster than conventional torpedoes. This rapid movement leaves little room for the target to evade, a significant advantage. However, this comes with notable drawbacks - short range, high noise levels, and guidance issues. The high noise levels and short range is a serious disadvantage that can expose the platform that launched the torpedo. This research proposes the use of a convergence weapon system that leverages the strengths of both weapons while compensating for their weaknesses. This strategy can overcome the limitations of traditional underwater kill-chains, offering swift and precise responses. By adapting the weapon acquisition criteria from the Defense force development Service Order, the effectiveness of the proposed system was independently analyzed and proven in terms of underwater defense sustainability, survivability, and cost-efficiency. Furthermore, the utility of this system was demonstrated through simulated scenarios, revealing its potential to play a critical role in future underwater kill-chain scenarios. However, realizing this system presents significant technical challenges and requires further research.