• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.45
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• pp.77-110
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• 2009

This study explores the academic development of the Political Economy of Communication, which is pursued by reviewing academic characteristics, research subjects, key scholars, formal and informal institution as an academic hub, key articles, major academic associations and academic journals. In addition, this study examines important theoretical limitations and tasks to deal with in the future, which have been exposed through several heated debates with other research traditions such as Cultural Studies and Post Modernism.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.78-85
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• 2012

This paper proposes an efficient algorithm to develop a 3D terrain tools which is essential in the development of 3D computer games. In particular, this paper proposes a cross detection technique to improve picking speed. In other words, this paper proposes a more efficient cross detection technique consisting of a ray and a parallelogram than a cross detection technique consisting of a ray and a triangle. So, we can confirm the faster picking speed. This paper uses a picking example among DirectX SDK samples to test it. In addition, this paper compares the number of function calls for cross detection using the existing techniques and the proposed technique. As a result, in this paper the proposed technique has fallen off to about a 50 percent than the existing techniques. And if it is calculated by times, in this paper the proposed technique was reduced to 1 to 2 seconds than the existing techniques. Additionally, in this paper 3D terrain tools are provide more improved algorithms for features such as texture splatting, height map control, object arrangement and realistic water effect. So, 3D terrain tools is available efficient in the development of real 3d computer games.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.165-182
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• 1997

The aim of this paper is to clarify geomorphic features on talus within ${\check{O}}rumkol$ and the origin of ${\check{O}}rumkol$. ${\check{O}}rumkol$ is located in Milyang of Kyungnam province, in South Korea. ${\check{O}}rumkol$ is good area to study talus. because it is characterized by following three geomorphic landscapes : free face surrounding ${\check{O}}rumkol$ ; ${\check{O}}rumkol$ with deep and wide valley floor ; lots of taluses typically developing within ${\check{O}}rumkol$. The main results can be summarized as follows: 1) The origin of ${\check{O}}rumkol$ may be suggested two assumptions : one is that its origin have been resulted from intrusion structure(intrusive rock might capture less resistant rock as tuff) ; the other is that its origin have been resulted from volcanic depression after intrusion or eruption. But these assumptions are not obvious. therefore more geological evidences will be supplemented after this 2) The characteristics of ${\check{O}}rumkol$ talus (1) Pattern ${\check{O}}rumkol$ taluses are tongue-shaped or cone-shaped in appearance. They are $50{\sim}200m$ in length and the range of the maximum width from 25 to 115m and one of their mean slope gradient from 32 to $36^{\circ}$ (2) Origin ${\check{O}}rumkol$ taluses have been formed under periglacial environment in the last glacial age and they are classified into rock fall talus type, considering in conjunction with the shape, hardness, sorting, weathering conditions of constituent debris. (3) The stage of landform development ${\check{O}}rumkol$ talus slope profiles are mainly concave slope. This concave slope type was eventually caused by talus creep at the lower end of the talus. That means new additions of debris from the free face have virtually ceased and there is no evidence of recent motion in the deposit. Now it is predominant that vegetation cover is gradually increasingly. Therefore ${\check{O}}rumkol$ taluses appear to be relict form stage. at present.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.261-269
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• 2006

There is a need to restore the terrain back its natural environment after mining development. It is necessary to compare the original and developing surfaces for post-management and to analyze the terrain change to develop a process for efficient restoration plan. This study analyzes and compares change to the terrain by annual mining development using GIS. Contours digitized with CAD based on photogrammetry are classified into annual data and created by Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN). By producing profiles and cross sections using TIN, many stations are distinguished. As a result of the terrain changes caused by mining development from 2000 to 2003 by operating elevation values each cell converted to raster from TIN, $11,094,460m^3$ are cut and $5,127,968m^3$ are filled up to 46% of cut volume, and annual surface changes of cut and fill area to mining are analyzed to visual and quantitative data. This study is used for the restoration plan and additional mining. And it is expected that this annual change, caused by mining development, can be used to return the terrain close to its original condition for finished mining area.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.897-908
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• 2008

황강에는 1989년 합천다목적댐과 본댐 하류 6.5km 지점에 조정지댐이 건설되었는데 조정지댐의 건설 목적은 본댐에서 피크 발전에 의해 방류되는 유량을 하류로 조절방류하기 위한것이다. 황강은 두댐의 건설후 하천폭, 하상재료, 식생 및 하천구간내 사주의 형성 등 많은 하천 지형학적 변화가 있었다. 이러한 변화는 댐 건설후 흐름 및 유사이송의 변화에 기인한다. 2002년 합천댐 저수지 퇴사량 조사에 의하면 합천댐은 연간 약 600천$m^3$의 유사를 차단한 것으로 파악되었다. 조정지댐은 연최대피크 방류량을 654.7$m^3/s$에서 126.3$m^3/s$로 감소시켰는데 이는 댐건설전의 19.3%에 해당하는 양이다. 댐건설로 인한 하류 하천의 지형적인 변화를 파악하기 위하여 합천조정지댐 하류로부터 낙동강 합류점까지 45 km에 대하여 조사하였다. 1982, 1993 및 2004년의 항공사진을 분석한 결과 비식생하도폭(non-vegetated active channel width)은 평균 152m 감소되었는데 이는 1982년의 약 53%에 해당한다. 비식생하도의 면적 역시 평균 6.6$km^2$가 감소하였다. 평균 중앙하상재료(D50)의 크기는 1983년 1.07mm에서 2003년 5.72mm로 증가한 반면 평균 하상구배는 1983년 0.000943에서 2003년 0.000847로 감소하였다. 총 하상 세굴깊이는 조정지댐 하류 20km 구간에서 평균 약 2.6m였다. 1차원 유사모형인 GSTAR-1D를 이용하여 예측된 최심하상고는 2013-2015년 사이 (댐건설후 약 25년 후)에 안정된 상태에 도달하는 것으로 나타났다. 합천 조정지댐이 본 댐에서의 피크 방류량을 상당히 감소시키고 있지만 홍수기에 조정지댐 수문의 급격하고 주기적인 개폐로 인하여 하류에 흐름의 펄스를 발생시키고 있다. 이러한 펄스가 하류 하천 지형변화에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 유사모형과 해석적인 방법을 개발 적용하여 구한 값과 비교 검토 하였다. 결과에 따르면, 일 흐름의 펄스(daily pulse)와 홍수피크(flood peak)는 각각의 평균값이 흐를 때와 비교하여 하천지형변화에 훨씬 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 일 흐름 펄스와 홍수피크는 각각의 평균값의 21%와 15%의 토사 이송량 (tons/day) 증가를 보여주었다.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.265-270
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• 1989

Soil properties for the limestone-derived soil were examined to relate soil formation to stratigraphy of parent materials and hillslope positions in Bangjeol Ri, Yeongweol Eup, Gangweon Do. Pyeongchang, Anmi, Yulgog and Mungyeong series were described for topographic positions such as shoulder position, footslope, terrace and local bottom associated with toposequence where the landscape consisted of gently rolling hillslopes and nearly level plains. 1. Pyeongchang, Anmi, Yulgog and Mungyeong series had the standard hue of the 2.5YR, 5YR, 10YR and 2.5Y, respectively. Thus, color sequence of soil could be related to hillslope positions on the landscape. 2. With ascending slope toward summit, the clay content increased while silt content decreased 3. Silt/Clay ratios ranged from 0.27 to 3.76 and it was increased with descending to bottom. It, also, appeared that maturity of soil was higher at summit position than at bottom. 4. Soils developed in limestone were neutral in soil reaction and very low in available $P_2O_5$. OM, available $SiO_2$, CEC, and active Fe in soils seemed to be increased with ascending to summit position.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.13-19
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• 2014

To develop a wind farm in a mountainous terrain like Korea, it is generally more advantageous to install wind turbines along a mountain ridge where has relatively better wind resource because that is open in all directions and free from shielding by the surrounding topography. In this study, the SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) v4.1 3 arc-second resolution digital elevation database and the geomorphometric characterization software LandSerf v2.3 are used to extract ridge lines for assessing a wind farm siting in mountainous terrain. The effectiveness of wind farm siting along a ridge line is confirmed that the most of wind turbines in the Gangwon, Taegisan, and Maebongsan wind farms in Korea's mountainous terrain are placed along the primary and secondary ridge lines where wind resource is relatively outstanding.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.363-370
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• 2007

This study has been carried for the development of the basic algorithm of helicopter navigation system based on TRN (Terrain Referenced Navigation) with information input from the GPS. The helicopter determines flight path due to Origination-Destination analysis on the Cartesian coordinate system of 3-D DTM. This system shows 3-D mesh map and the O-D flight path profile for the pilot's acknowledgement of the terrain, at first. The system builds TCF (terrain clearance floor) far the buffer zone upon the surface of ground relief to avid the ground collision. If the helicopter enters to the buffer zone during navigation, the real-time warning message which commands to raise the body pops up using Matlab menu. While departing or landing, control of the height of the body is possible. At present, the information (x, y, z coordinates) from the GPS is assumed to be input into the system every 92.8 m of horizontal distance while navigating along flight path. DTM of 3" interval has been adopted from that which was provided by ChumSungDae Co., Ltd..

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.70-82
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• 1995

A multi-layer simulation program is developed to estimate the ocean current considering sea bottom geometry. The so-called $\sigma$ coordinate system is introduced in vertical direction to describe sea bottom topography more accurately and effectively. Leapfrog scheme combined with Euler backward scheme is used to reduce computation error which may be possibly accumulated in time evolution by Leapfrog scheme alone. In this paper, very simple examples of rectangular basins with various bottom geometries were taken and the effect of sea bottom geometry on vertical structure of the ocean tidal current and its direction were investigated. Through comparisons between the present three dimensional calculation in which bottom topography is directly taken into consideration and the two dimensional calculation in which depth average concept is employed, it was found that magnitude of surface current and its direction could be largely affected by the sea bottom topography, particularly in shallow region with complex bottom shape.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2004

The purpose of this study consists in introducing and examining the previous river classification systems applicable to the river improvement technique including geomorphological considerations, and developing a new system using the geomorphological criteria which represent the morphology of rivers. A newly developed system uses the channel reach as a classifying unit which is delineated by upstream and downstream tributaries. It adopts three basic geomorphological criteria for classification: 1) valley-floor width index(VI) reflecting the confinement of the channel in the valley, 2) sinuosity(P) which expresses the channel planform, and 3) bed material($d_{50}$). The system is composed of 24 stream types. Concerning every stream type, valley forms, principal bed forms and fluvial processes with disturbance elements are briefly presented. Finally, the applicability of this system to the Chungmi Stream and the Imjin River data in comparison with that of Rosgen system is examined.