• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.217-225
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• 1999

Through the ISODATA method of unsupervised classification, the micro-landform of Julpo-Bay tidal flat was classified into mudflat, mixedflat, and sandflat using Landsat TM image. Each showed an apparent differences in its topographical characteristics and grain size composition. Mudflat occupied innermost part of the tidal flat, sandflat located closest to the entrance of the bay and mixed flat in the center is. For example, mudlflats are formed with flat faces and tidal channel. Topographically, mudflat consist of tidal channels and flat intermediate surface. Its average relief of them is about 2 meter. Meanwhile, sandflat comprised very flat landform with well-developed ripple marks of less than 10cm average relief. And Mixed flat stood in between. In addition, Out of 7 bands of Landsat TM images, band 5 and 7 provided the highest power level for discrimination between micro-landforms of the tidal flat. Band 4 showed a clear boundary between the land and tidal flat, and band 3 did its share by showing well a boundary between the sea surface and the tidal flat.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.533-540
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• 2014

The Wangdol-cho area, in the Hupo Bank, plays a very important role in main fishing grounds, leisure tourism and marine environmental researches of the East Sea. We analyzed the detailed bathymetry and classified the seabed characteristics of the Wangdol-cho area, based on seafloor backscattering images and sediment grain size. The Hupo Bank is developed in parallel with the eastern coastal line of Korean peninsula, and the shallowest area (Wangdol-cho) of the Hupo Bank is located along the eastern part of Hupo Port. The Wangdol-cho comprises three summits; north summit, middle summit, and south summit. The middle summit area among the three summits has the most shallow water depth with minimum about 6 m. The north summit shows about 8 m minimum depth and the south summit about 9 m. The bathymetry data around three summits represent undulating seabeds with many scattered underwater reefs and shallow water depth. The area between the underwater reefs, the flat seafloor in the northeastern part of the survey site, and the western steep slope area have relatively coarse sediments such as sandy gravel and gravelly sand. The bathymetry in the western side of the Wangdol-cho shows steep slope seabed, extending to the Hupo Basin. Fine sediments including mud and silty sand occur in the Hupo Basin area of the survey site. The submarine detailed topography and the analysis of the seafloor characteristics of the survey area are expected to contribute to management for marine environmental researches and sustainable use of ecosystems in the Wangdol-cho.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.217-232
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• 2001

One of the molt debatable Issues on geomorphological study in Korea should be the discussion over the formation process of gent1e slope surfaces on the piedmont area. In this study, the characteristics of spatial distribution and the formation process of geomorphic surfaces were investigated by classifying the alluvial fans as three geomorphic surfaces alluvial the Bulguksa fault-line The fan surfaces, distributed along the west slue of Bulguksa Mts, consists the confluent alluvial fans continuously along the N-S direction The surfaces of Sincheon-Hyomun district juxtaposed to the Ulsan Bay must be infulenced by sea-level chance during the Quaternary Taken together, these observation suggests that the major four factors contributed to the fan formation 1) rather longer freeze-and-thaw cycle during the Glacial period. 2) the steep mountain slope along the west side of Bulguksa Mts.. which had been resulted from the horizont stress of EAst Sea 3)the tectolinear fault system developed by structural movement along the Bulguksa Fault-line valley. and 4) the erosion-labile characteristics of bedrock In this urea which is consisted of the Bulguksa granite and the sedimentary rock formed in Cretaceous period.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.31-55
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• 2009

This research aims 1) to characterize the spatial distribution of low relief landforms (plains) via analyses of a Digital Elevation Model (DEM), 2) to classify plains according to morphological and genetic similarity, and 3) to develop a model to explain forming processes of plains in the Korean peninsula. Plains can easily be separated from high relief mountaneous areas by analyzing the DEM. The overall morphological and locational characteristics of plains can be categorized into lava plains, fluvial-marine plains, erosional plains, intermontane basins, and higher ground plains. It is concluded that the characteristic of each plain type is decided by base-level changes caused by tectonic uplift and sea-level changes, and topological relationship of different rock types. Different plain types do not exist independently, but connected with each others along stream networks. The model developed is able to combine the morphological characteristics of plains with the channel network to conceptualize characteristics and development pathways of plains in the Korean Peninsula.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2005

Although Dokdo, small and dependent islands of Ulleung County, can be considered critical in terms of both geo-politics and physical geography, it is clear that Korean geographers have been too silent tn study Dokdo. In the author's view, such tendency is partly due to difficulties in access to Dokdo. In this sense this study would be meaningful for inquiring into the regional geomorphology of Dokdo regardless of only three-day field work. The major findings of the study are as follows. Firstly, the geology of Dokdo is composed of 8 rock units. Secondly, in a slope analysis of Dokdo volcano using GIS tool, steep slopes over $26^{\circ}$ account for 79.1% of whole slopes and even free faces, defined as slopes over $40^{\circ}$, account for 65.4%. Thirdly, the main landforms of Dokdo constitute volcanic landform, coastal landform and the others, such as talus, dyke, tafoni and erosional hollow. Fourthly, it turns out that advanced landform classification map of Dokdo can be designed by taking an approach tn regional geomorphology. Finally, based on a detailed review of the latest geological literature, I argue that part of landforms of East Dokdo(dongdo) is closer tn an erosional hollow than a small crater.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.387-392
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• 2008

It is very important to characterize five major properties of topography, drainage class, soil texture, available soil depth, and gravel content for soil survey. We used multidimensional scaling method for analyzing five major properties for the soils originated from sedimentary rocks to understand their relationships. We simplified 5 major characteristics on soils derived from sedimentary rocks. That is, topographic factor was 15 to 9, soil texture was 32 to 6, drainage class was 6 to 5, available depth was 4, and gravel content was 3. For the viewpoint of eigenvector, from dimension 2, 3 to dimension 1, 4, mountain soils and more fine soils dominated. By eigenvalue, there was no tendency, but in details, was some tendency between small groups. Like this, closely observe exceptional distribution of soils, we need improved intra-group homogeneity based on weight control of soil factor, addition and subtraction of soil factors. Also, we carefully analyzed soil characteristics involved intra-group, then we need reconsideration of past classification units.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.74-81
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• 2007

This study investigated the growth pattern and species composition by landform and seaside distribution to evaluate the basic community structure and topographical distribution of the Peucedanum japonicum Thunb. community group in Korea. The appearing plants with the Peucedanum japonicum Thunb. were a total 170 taxa belonging to 130 genera and to 57 families, and the species number by families was the most in Compositae of 30 taxa. The frequency of appearing plants was the highest in the Aster spathulifolius Max.(54.1%), and the east and west seasides were the highest in the Aster spathulifolius Max. and south seaside was the highest in the Miscanthus sinensis Ander.. The ratio of common plants among seasides was the highest between the west and south seasides of 35.6% with 47 taxa. The distribution landforms of the Peucedanum japonicum Thunb. was a $17.4^{\circ}$ slope of the unevenness landform, vertical joint, horizontal joint, blockfield, planation surfaces and the rocky seaside of the sea cliff. The distribution among landforms was the greatest in the rocky seaside of the 61 regions. The sociability on growing pattern was the highest in the 3 sociability rank of 54.6% with the 83 region.

• 한국공간정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.41-45
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• 2005

분광각(Spectral Angle)을 이용한 분류는 같은 종류의 지표 대상물의 분광 특성이 대기 및 지형적인 영향으로 인해 원점을 기준으로 선형적인 분포 모양을 가진다는 가정에 기초한 새로운 접근의 분류 방식이다. 최근 분광각을 이용한 무감독 분류에 대한 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있으나, 원격탐사 데이터의 특성을 반영한 효과적인 무감독 분류에 대한 연구는 미진한 상태이다. 본 연구는 하이퍼스펙트럴 영상 분류에 있어서 기존 무감독 분광각 분류(USAC, Unsupervised Spectral Angle Classification) 연구에서 해결하지 못한 문제점들을 보완한 반복최적화 무감독 분광각 분류(ISOUSAC, Iterative Self-Organizing USAC) 기법을 제안하고 있다. 이를 위해, 무감독 분광각 분류에 적합한 각 분할(Angle Range Division) 기법을 적용하여 군집 초기 중심을 설정하였으며, 병합(Merge)과 분할(Split)를 통한 유동적인 군집 분석을 수행하였다. 결과를 통해, 제안된 알고리즘이 기존의 기법보다 수행 시간뿐 아니라 시각적인 면에서도 우수한 결과를 도출함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.40 no.6 s.111
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• pp.716-729
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• 2005

In the Yeongpyeong River, one of the branches of Hantan River, there 4 fluvial terraces are identified. During the Quaternary, lava flow from Hantan River had gone 4.5km into upstream Part of the Yeongpyeong River and damed its entrance, and resultantly its lower basin had become a lava-damed paleolake. This study deals with fluvial terrace surface classification, stratigraphic analysis, deposits analysis, and OSL age dating in from Gungpyeongri to Seongdongri in lower reach of Yeongpyeong River, in order to identify Seomorphological Process of the terrace landforms relating to duration of lava-damed paleolake. Terrace surface T4, named Baekeuiri Formation, has been located under Jeongok lava layer to indicate pre-lava river bed. Terrace surfaces T3 and T2 are supposed to be formed during paleolake time, based on $3{\~}4m$ thick sand deposits including pebble and cobble layers, and clay and silt layers intersected with sand ones in nearly horizontal bedding. Terrace T1 is estimated to be formed as post-lake fluvial terrace after dissection of lava dam, based on the more fresh phase of deposits and very low height from present riverbed. The results of the OSL age dating for the T3 deposit layers indicate approximately $33{\~}40ka$, and still lake phase at that time.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• v.45 no.46
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• pp.33-47
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• 1996

동굴이 휴양명소로 자리잡아 감에 따라 동굴에 대한 관심이 늘어나고 있는 때에 우리나라에 분포하고 있는 동굴의 구조적 특성을 밝히는 것은 중요한 일이다. 본 연구의 목적은 우리나라에 분포한 동굴을 유형별로 분류하고, 그 중 대표적인 석회동굴과 화산동굴의 구조적 특성을 밝히는 것이다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 우리나라에는 260개 이상의 동굴이 분포하고 있는데, 강원도와 충청북도 지방에 75％ 이상이 집중되어 있으며, 이것은 이들 지역이 우리나라의 지체구조사 옥천지향사에 해당하는 곳이어서 석회석이 발달한 때문이다. 둘째, 우리나라의 동굴은 성인상으로 분류하면 석회동굴 ·화산동굴 ·해식동굴 ·저리굴 등으로 나눌 수 있는데, 석회동굴이 가장 많고, 화산동굴은 제주도에 주로 분포한다. 셋째, 동굴지형면에서 석회동굴은 이차 생성물의 성장으로 인해 다양한 볼거리를 제공하는 반면에, 제주도의 화산동굴은 규모면에서 세계적이라는 것이 특징이고, 몇몇 동굴에서는 해안가 패사류의 퇴적으로 인해 석화동굴에서만 볼 수 있는 이차 생성물이 발달된 곳도 있다. 마지막으로 동굴생물적 측면에서는 동굴의 깊이가 클수록 진동굴성 동물이 비교적 많이 발견된다. 또한 본토의 석회동굴과 제주도의 화산동굴 내에 분포하는 동굴생물은 다소 그 종류에서 차이가 나타나고 있다. 특히 제주도의 화산동굴에는 그곳에만 독특하게 사는 동굴생물들이 발견되어 종의 이름에 ‘제주도...’ 라고 명명하는 것이 특징이다.