• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.93-104
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• 2004

This paper intended to assess the hydro-structure characteristics of volcanic rocks based on the hydrogeological data obtained from the underground storage cavern during construction. The variation of groundwater levels was periodically measured from the 28 surface monitoring holes(NX size) and the hydraulic pressures and injection rates were daily monitored from the water curtain holes(95 horizontal holes and 63 vertical holes). The hydraulic interference tests were performed in whole water curtain holes. The distribution patterns of hydraulic pressure are closely related to the dip angles of fracture intersected to the water curtain holes. Three domains can be grouped by the distribution of hydraulic pressures in the horizontal water curtain holes. The initial hydraulic pressures measured immediately after drilling of water crutain holes are high in ascending order of the cavern C-2, C-1, and C-3. The priliminary hydrochemical data also indicate that the portions of the deep groundwater composition is relatively great in the cavern C-3 area. Some of the horizontal water curtain holes in the cavern C-3 show a steady higher groundwater pressure with the composition of shallow groundwater indicating the outer boundary as constant hydraulic boundary. The water curtain holes in the cavern C-2 is characterized as low initial hydraulic pressure and less injection rates, suggesting poor hydraulic connectivity to a shallow groundwater system. The results of the study can help to understand a hydraulic compartment concept in a fracture hydro-geology and be utilized during the surface investigation for a groundwater system.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.115-124
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• 2015

Thermal energy storage (TES) is a technology that stores surplus thermal energy at high or low temperatures for later use when the customer needs it, not just when it is available. TES systems can help balance energy demand and supply and thus improve the overall efficiency of energy systems. Furthermore, the conversion and storage of intermittent renewable resources in the form of thermal energy can help increase the share of renewable resources in the energy mix which refers to the distribution of energy consumption from different sources, and to achieve this, it is essential to combine renewable resources with TES systems. Underground TES using rock caverns, known as cavern thermal energy storage (CTES), is a viable option for large-scale, long-term TES utilization although its applications are limited because of the high construction costs. Furthermore, the heat loss in CTES can significantly be reduced due to the heating of the surrounding rock occurred during long-term TES, which is a distinctive advantage over aboveground TES, in which the heat loss to the surroundings is significantly influenced by climate conditions. In this paper, we introduced important factors that should be considered in the shape and multiple layout design of TES caverns, and proposed guidelines for storage space design.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Rock Mechanics Conference
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• 1996.03a
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• pp.11-24
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• 1996

최근 들어 지하공간 활용에 대한 필요성이 강하게 대두되면서 지하암반 굴착공사가 매우 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 오래 전부터 공사되었던 지하철 및 산악터널 뿐만 아니라 오늘날에는 지하암반의 특수성을 이용한 지하공간 사업 즉, 지하양수 발전소, 핵폐기물 저장소, 유류 비축기지 등이 건설 중에 있으며, 지하공간과 관련된 대형 프로젝트가 구상되고 있다. (중략)

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.8-12
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• 2014

The aim of this study is achieving customer satisfaction by finding cost-effective installation of storage tanks in the gas filling stations. Pros and cons were measured by comparison between above and underground tanks using Pugh methods. In particular, severe problems regarding gas safety are expected to be resolved by reducing the frequency of gas accidents occurred in mass storage facilities. To this end, we have used Pugh's method to compare the advantages and disadvantages of the existing storage tanks-Ground above type and underground type. After the analyses, it is shown that underground containment storage tank can provide the highest degree of safety and Real estate among Ground above type, Underground buried type and underground containment type storage tanks.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.15 no.3 s.56
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• pp.169-176
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• 2005

The decreasing pattern of underground temperature measured at 'Gonjiam cold storage cavern' during 7 years which was the first commercial scale underground food storage cavern in Korea was analyzed. The variation of energy consumption was discussed by comparing the consumed energy at the initial operation stage with that at later stage, when the temperature distribution reached a stabilized condition. The point to be considered at the design stage was also discussed by comparing the required refrigerator capacity at the initial operation stage with that at later stage. The extra energy to freeze the groundwater contained in pore space was discussed by analyzing the changing pattern of the rock temperature. The variation of measured rock temperature was compared with the estimated temperature using a numerical code, FLAC. The accuracy of the numerical estimation was discussed by comparing the heat flux measured by the operation time of the refrigerator with that estimated numerically.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2001.09a
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• pp.31-34
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• 2001

지하 LPG 저장기지의 수벽시설이 저장공동 주변 암반에 미치는 영향을 진단하기 위해서 수벽시설의 주입압력을 강하시키면서 간극수압계와 관측공에서의 지하수두 변화를 모니터링하였다. 수벽시설의 관측지점에 대한 효율성은 수치해석으로부터 수벽시설과 관측지점간 매질의 확산능을 구함으로써 분석하였다. 확산능 산출결과를 검증하기 위해서 수벽시설의 압력강하에 따른 관측지점에서의 수두강하비와 수두강하율을 구하여 확산능 결과와 비교하였다. 비교결과, 확산능은 수두강하비, 수두강하율과 일관된 변화를 보여주었으며 확산능의 값이 클수록 수벽공의 압력변화에 따른 관측지점에서의 반응성이 양호함을 나타내었다

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.38
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• pp.129-156
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• 2005

Increasing discovery cases of underground storage facilities made of earth, wood, or stone are being reported from the recent excavation survey of the Baekje relics. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to examine the structure and function of the underground storage facilities of Baekje following a classification made by the type and building method as follows: plask shape, wooden box shape, and stone box shape. The plask shape storage is the most representative underground storage of Baekje that has been found in numerous relics more than 600 sets around Hangang(Han River) and Geumgang(Geum River) from the Hansung period to Sabi period in Baekje Dynasty. It is a historical artefact as a part of the unique storage culture of Baekje around Hangang and Geumgang from the 3rd to 7th Century. Considering its structure and the example of Chinese one, it might had been used for a long-term storage of grains and various other items including earth wares. The storage facility in wooden box shape and stone box shape are found mostly in the relics Of Sabi period. Thus it might had taken some functions of the storage in traditional pouch shape which had decreased after the 6th Century. In particular, the wooden box shape and stone box shape storage required enormous labor force to build owing to their structure and building method. Thus, they were considered to had been used for official purposes in province fortress and citadel artefact. The wooden box shape storage facility is classified into flat rectangular type and square type based on the structure, and into Gagu type(架構式) and Juheol type(柱穴式) based on the building method. It might had been decided according to the geography and geological feature of the place where the storage was to be built. Considering the examples of Gwanbuk-ri relics and Weolpyong-dong relics, the wooden box shape storage facility might had been used for various items depending on the needs, including foods such as fruits and essential provisions at the military base. Considering the long-term food storage, the examples in Japan, and the functional characteristics of the underground storage facility, there is a possibility that the wooden and stone box shape storage facilities had been built so as to safely store important items in case of fire. This study is only a rudimentary examination for the storage facility in Baekje. Thus further studies are to be made specifically and comprehensively on the comparison with other regions, distribution pattern, discovered relics and artefacts, and functions.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.55-70
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• 2003

Ammunition magazine, which is installed on the ground, has difficulty in protecting from the external attack, and accidental explosion should cause great damage to the life and property. For these reasons, it is needed to develop underground magazine that it has the advantages of safety, security and maintenance. This paper introduce the design case for blasting facilities, which should resist blasting pressure, as well as layout of underground magazine, which takes a safety for explosion and a working space of loading/unloading machine into consideration. On the layout, in case of ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ underground magazine, put three storage chambers in position almost parallel with principle stress direction, where less effected on discontinuity and hard rock area. Also, secured safe distance according to safety criteria of the Defense Ministry, and verified suitable layout by trace simulation for loading/unloading machine on working stage. Blasting design was performed on evaluation of maximum blast pressure between donar and acceptor chambers, and design condition for blast door, valve, etc. Diminution facilities against explosion, such as thrust block or debris trap, determined its size after plan in accordance with blasting criteria and calculation by structural analysis.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.188-195
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• 2012

Using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, FLUENT, the present study investigated the thermal stratification behavior of Lyckebo storage in Sweden, which is the very first large-scale rock cavern for underground thermal energy storage. Heat transfer analysis was carried out for numerical cases with different temperatures of the surrounding rock mass in order to examine the effect of rock mass heating due to periodic storage and production of thermal energy on thermal stratification and heat loss. The change of thermal stratification with respect to time was quantitatively examined based on an index of the degree of stratification. The results of numerical simulation showed that in the early operational stage where the surrounding rock mass was less heated, the stratification of stored thermal energy was rapidly degraded over time, but the degradation and heat loss tended to reduce as the surrounding rock mass was heated during a long period of operation.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.137-145
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• 2022

The logistics of ammunition stored in the underground ammunition warehouse has more difficulties than the logistics of ammunition stored on the ground due to the nature of the storage space. This study was conducted to solve the logistics of underground ammunition warehouse by improving these problems. And six items such as guard, safety, environment, supply system, equipment, facilities, and life management were selected for the improvement of logistics. And AHP was analyzed by Expert Choice program by conducting a survey to experts. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that the importance was high in the order of safety, guard, life management, equipment facilities, supply system, and environment. Based on the selected items and the results of the survey, a plan to build a network-based integrated platform that can improve logistics in an underground ammunition warehouse was presented. This study will be used as a basis for the establishment of an integrated platform when constructing an underground ammunition warehouse in the future. This study can be applied to storage facilities that store other materials in the military, and it is expected to be applied to large commercial storage facilities.