• Title/Summary/Keyword: 지표 미생물

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Evaluation of Air Pollution Effects in Seoul City on Forest Soil at Mt. Namsan by Assay of Denitrifying and Sulfur-Reducing Bacteria (탈질균(脫窒菌) 및 황산환원균(黃酸還元菌) 정량(定量)을 통(通)한 서울의 대기오염(大氣汚染)이 남산(南山)의 토양(土壤)에 미치는 영향(影響) 평가(評價))

  • Park, Hyun
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.86 no.1
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    • pp.98-104
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    • 1997
  • Soil pollution intensity at Mt. Namsan in Seoul city which was expected to show significant soil contamination due to long-term air pollution was evaluated by comparing soil chemical properties at Mt. Kyebangsan in Hongcheon area as a control, and the bacteria participating in nitrogen or sulfur mineralization were assayed simultaneously in order to evaluate the validity of N and/or S mineralization bacteria as an index of soil contamination. The soil of Mt. Namsan showed 10 times higher concentration of hydrogen ion compared to that of Mt. Kyebangsan, which indicated that the soil had relatively been acidified seriously. Especially, large amount of canons were thought to be leached out from the soil, while the amount of extractable Al was getting larger and larger, which result in serious problems in soil ecosystem of the mountain. I could infer from soil chemical properties of the four study sites that the major reason of soil acidification was SOx deposition. However, the sulfur-reducing bacteria were not significantly different between the two regions, which indicated that the microbial dynamics of the soil ecosystem was not controlled by simple factor, but by multiple factors. By the way, the dynamics of bacteria participating in denitrification process was different between the two regions, which was more active at Mt. Kyebangsan than at Mt. Namsan. Thus, the microbial assay for nitrogen mineralization is desirable to be examined as a tool for evaluating soil health or microbial activity in soil ecosystem.

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Bio-mediated Flocculation by Extracellular Polymeric Substances in Cohesive Sediment Suspensions: Experimental Study (생체고분자물질이 부유사 응집에 미치는 영향 연구)

  • Baek, Seung-Ryong;Kim, Jae-In;O, Min-Ji;Lee, Byeong-Jun
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2015.05a
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    • pp.107-107
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    • 2015
  • 최근 기후변화로 인한 강우강도 증대, 산업화에 따른 토지개발 등으로 인하여 다량의 점착성 부유사(Cohesive Sediments)가 하천, 호소 등 수자원 환경으로 유입되고 있다. 점착성 부유사는 하천, 호소의 난류 조건에 따라 부유하거나 혹은 응집, 침전하여 하상 저니층을 형성한다. 부유사, 미생물 및 각종 유기입자가 포함된 하상 저니층은 검은색으로 외관상 보기 좋지 않을 뿐 아니라, 혐기성상태에서 부패하여 수생태계의 건강성을 해치게 된다. 또한 미세 부유사 및 미생물 입자는 각종 중금속, 유기오염물질을 흡착하고, 조건에 따라 재용출할 수 있는 저장매체로 작용하기 때문에 수자원환경에 미치는 영향이 아주 크다. 특히, 수중 미생물(조류) 작용에 의해 생성되는 EPS (Extracellular Polymeric Substances)는 부유사 및 미생물 입자들을 서로 엉겨 붙게 하여, 부유사-미생물 혼합 응집체 및 저니층 형성을 가속화하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 EPS가 부유사 응집에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여, Xanthan Gum (Sigma-Aldrich, USA)을 EPS의 지표 물질로 사용하고, Kaolinite(Sigma-Aldrich, USA)를 수자원환경에 존재하는 대표적인 부유사로 사용하여 응집실험(Jar Test)을 수행하였다. 이온농도가 응집에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 수체 이온농도를 0.0001M NaCl, 0.001M NaCl, 0.01M NaCl, 그리고 0.001M NaCl + 0.1mg/L $Ca^{2+}$, 0.001M NaCl + 0.5mg/L $Ca^{2+}$, 0.001M NaCl + 1.0 mg/L $Ca^{2+}$으로 보정하여 응집실험을 수행하였다. 250 rpm 급속 교반 1븐, 50 rpm 완속교반 5시간, 침잔 1시간 후 응집체를 채취하여 응집체 이미지 분석을 통해 응집체 크기 및 형상을 측정하였고, 수표면 2 cm 지점에서 상등액을 채수하여 잔류 고형물 농도 분석을 실시하였다. 응집실험을 통하여 다음과 같은 결과를 도출하였다.. 낮은 이온농도의 경우, EPS가 큰 고분자 구조체에 부유 입자들이 엮어 응집되는 Sweeping Flocculation의 특징을 나타내었다. 하지만, 이온농도가 높아질수록 경우, EPS 고분자 구조체 내부 반발력이 감소하여 크기가 축소되고, 이에 따라 부유 입자 표면에 패치 형태로 흡착되었다. EPS가 패치형태로 입자에 흡착한 경우, 응집제 농도 증가에 따라 응집능 최적점이 형성되고, 이후 표면하전 역전이나 Steric Stabilization에 의해 응집능이 저감되는 형태를 나타낸다. 따라서,수중이온농도가 EPS의 사슬형 고분자 응집제의 크기, 형태(Morphology)를 결정하고, 더 나아가 응집능을 결정하는 중요한 인자로 나타났다. 따라서, 후속 연구를 통하여 생체고분자물질의 크기 및 형태 변화, 이에 따른 응집능변화를 면밀히 연구하고자 한다.

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Removal of Perchlorate from Salt Water Using Microorganisms (미생물을 이용한 염수의 퍼클로레이트 제거)

  • Ahn, Yeonghee
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.29 no.11
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    • pp.1294-1303
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    • 2019
  • Perchlorate is an anionic pollutant that is very soluble and stable in water. It has been detected not only in soil/ground water but also in surface water, drinking water, food, fish, and crops. Perchlorate inhibits iodine uptake by the thyroid gland and reduces production of thyroid hormones that are primarily responsible for regulation of metabolism. Although various technologies have been developed to remove perchlorate from the environment, biodegradation is the method of choice since it is economical and environmentally friendly. However there is limited information on perchlorate biodegradation in salt environment such as salt water. Therefore this paper reviews biodegradation of perchlorate in salt water and related microorganisms. Most biodegradation research has employed heterotrophic perchlorate removal using organic compounds such as acetate as electron donors. Biodegradation research has focused on perchlorate removal from spent brine generated by ion exchange technology that is primarily employed to clean up perchlorate-contaminated ground water. Continuous removal of perchlorate at up to 10% NaCl was shown when bioreactors were inoculated with enriched salt-tolerant perchlorate-reducing bacteria. However the reactors did not show long-term stable removal of perchlorate. Microorganisms belonging to ${\beta}$- and ${\gamma}$-Proteobacteria were dominant in bioreactors used to remove perchlorate from salt water. This review will help our understanding of perchlorate removal from salt water to develop a decent biotechnology for the process.

Comparison of Soil Microbial Communities to Different Practice for Strawberry Cultivation in Controlled Horticultural Land (시설 딸기의 재배방법에 따른 토양 미생물군집 비교)

  • Min, Se-Gyu;Park, Su-Seon;Lee, Young-Han
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.44 no.3
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    • pp.479-484
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    • 2011
  • Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles were used to describe differences in soil microbial communities influenced by conventional farming system (CFS), conventional farming system without pesticides (CFSWP), and organic farming system (OFS) for strawberry cultivation in controlled horticultural land. In comparison to the CFS soils, the average soil microbial biomasses of in the OFS soils were approximately 1.2 times for total FAMEs ($195nmol\;g^{-1}$), 1.4 times for total bacteria ($58nmol\;g^{-1}$), 1.5 times for Gram-negative bacteria ($27.3nmol\;g^{-1}$), 1.2 times for Gram-positive bacteria ($26.1nmol\;g^{-1}$), and 1.5 times for actinomycetes ($2.8nmol\;g^{-1}$). The microbial communities of total bacteria (p<0.05) and Gram-negative bacteria (p<0.05) in the OFS and CFSWP soils were significantly higher larger than those in the CFS soils. However, fungal structure was significantly greater in CFS than in OFS and CFSWP (p<0.05). In principal component analyses of soil microbial communities, our findings suggest that actinomycetes should be considered as potential factor responsible for the clear microbial community differentiation observed between OFS and CFS in controlled horticultural land.

Next-generation Probiotics, Parabiotics, and Postbiotics (Next-generation probiotics, parabiotics 및 postbiotics)

  • Cho, Kwang Keun;Lee, Seung Ho;Choi, In Soon;Lee, Sang Won
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.31 no.6
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    • pp.595-602
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    • 2021
  • Human intestinal microbiota play an important role in the regulation of the host's metabolism. There is a close pathological and physiological interaction between dysbiosis of the intestinal microflora and obesity and metabolic syndrome. Akkermansia muciniphila, which was recently isolated from human feces, accounts for about 1-4% of the intestinal microbiota population. The use of A. muciniphila- derived external membrane protein Amuc_1100 and extracellular vesicles (EVs) could be a new strategy for the treatment of obesity. A. muciniphila is considered a next-generation probiotic (NGP) for the treatment of metabolic disorders, such as obesity. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii accounts for about 5% of the intestinal microbiota population in healthy adults and is an indicator of gut health. F. prausnitzii is a butyrate-producing bacterium, with anti-inflammatory effects, and is considered an NGP for the treatment of immune diseases and diabetes. Postbiotics are complex mixtures of metabolites contained in the cell supernatant secreted by probiotics. Parabiotics are microbial cells in which probiotics are inactivated. Paraprobiotics and postbiotics have many advantages over probiotics, such as clear chemical structures, safe dose parameters, and a long shelf life. Thus, they have the potential to replace probiotics. The most natural strategy to restore the imbalance of the intestinal ecosystem normally is to use NGPs among commensal bacteria in the gut. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new foods or drugs such as parabiotics and postbiotics using NGPs.

Indicator Microorganisms Used as Fecal Contamination in Aquatic Environments (수계환경에서 분변성 오염의 지표로 사용되는 미생물들)

  • 이건형
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.189-196
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    • 2002
  • The direct detection of intestinal pathogens and viruses often requires costly, tedious, and time-consuming procedures. These requirements developed a test to show that the water was contaminated with sewage-borne pathogens by assessing the hygienic quality of water based on indicator microorganisms whose presence indicates that pathogenic microorganisms may also be present. Various groups of microorganisms have been suggested and used as indicator microorganisms. Proposed and commonly used microbial indicators are total coliforms, fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci, Clostridium perfringens, heterotrophic plate count, bacteriophage, and so on. Unfortunately, most, if not all, of these indicators are not ideal because of the sensitivity and resistance to environment stresses and disinfection. However, the development of gene probes and PCR technology may give hope for the discovery of rapid and simple methods toy detecting small number of fecal pathogens in various environments.

Indicator microorganisms concentrations change after irrigation of wastewater treatment effluent in paddy field for water reuse (용수 재이용을 위한 하수처리수 관개 후 논에서의 지표성 미생물의 거동)

  • Jung, Kwang-Wook;Yoon, Chun-G.
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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    • 2003.10a
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    • pp.583-586
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    • 2003
  • The objective of this research was to examine the significance of change to indicator microorganisms (TC, FC, and E. coli) in the paddy field and repair of UV disinfected secondary effluent. Average concentrations of Microorganisms were maintained by more than about 1,000 MPN/100mL in paddy field after irrigation. Microorganism repair was evaluated in relation to UV dose in photoreactivating light and dark. In addition, a significant inverse relationship was found between UV dose and repair of indicator microorganisms when the research of wastewater was conducted in the condition of low and high UV dose.

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돈육의 부위, 저장 방법 및 저장시간이 지방산화와 지방산화물의 생성에 미치는 영향

  • Park, Seong-Yong;Jin, Gu-Bok;Yu, Seung-Seok
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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    • 2005.05a
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    • pp.217-220
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    • 2005
  • 본 연구의 목적은 돈육의 부위, 포장방법 및 저장기간이 지방산패에 미치는 영향을 측정하기 위하여 실시하였다. pH는 삼겹이 등심보다 높았고 저장후반부에 갈수록 TBARS 값은 삼겹이 등심보다 높은 반면 유리지방산가는 저장기간이 경과할수록 증가하였고 등심이 오히려 삼겹보다 높았다. 냉장저장중 지방산화물을 검출한 결과 알데하이드, 케톤, 알코올, 지방산등이 동정되었고 냉장저장중 특히 등심부위에서 hexadecanoic acid 함량이 증가하는 경향을 보여 새로운 산화지표로써 사용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 미생물 측정결과 삼겹이 등심보다 빨리 부패하였고 진공포장이 함기포장에 비해 저장성을 증진시켰다.

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Possibilities in using Enterococcus spp. in Microbial Source Tracking (Enterococcus spp. 를 이용한 미생물 오염 추적 기술)

  • Unno, Tatsuya;Hur, Hor-Gil
    • 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2008.02a
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    • pp.827-830
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    • 2008
  • Enterococcus is a fecal indicator bacterium and often used to indicate fecal contamination in the environment. Carbohydrates fermentation patterns of Enterococcus isolates were investigated as a way to differentiate the source of fecal contamination. Total 1826 Enterococcus isolates were obtained from cows, pigs, chickens, ducks, and humans in two geographically different locations. Distributions of carbohydrate fermentation patterns showed discrepancies among sources. This study suggest that the possibility of the use of Enterococcus in microbial source tracking.

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Distribution of Microorganisms in Perilla Leaf and Cultivation Area (들깻잎과 생산환경의 미생물 분포)

  • Kim, Se-Ri;Lee, Ji-Young;Lee, Seo-Hyun;Ko, Hyeon-Seok;Yoon, Yo-Han;Kwon, Se-Hyeok;Ryu, Kyoung-Yul;Yun, Hye-Jeong;Kim, Won-Il;Yun, Jong-Chul;Kim, Doo-Ho;Chung, Duck-Hwa
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.43 no.2
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    • pp.243-248
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    • 2011
  • The prevalence and distribution of hazardous microorganisms were investigated from the major perilla cultivation area at Milyang, Gyeongnam province, Korea. Aerobic plate count (APC) and coliform count of perilla leaves were 4.82 log CFU/g and 3.85 log CFU/g, respectively. E. coli, S. aureus and B. cereus were detected in 3.0% (4/114), 7.9% (9/114) and 46.5% (53/114) of examined perilla leaves. However, E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp, and L. monocytogenes were not detected. The distribution of hazardous microorganisms in perilla leaf cultivation environment were compared and the concentration of APC and coliform counts were more than 3.0 log CFU/(mL, g, $100cm^2$, hand) from most of the samples. S. aureus were detected from irrigation water, packing table, packing vinyl, hand, and clothes. Also, B. cereus was frequently detected from the examined samples. Especially, packing table and collection container were contaminated with maximum 5.5 log $CFU/100cm^2$ of B. cereus. Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) system should be introduced to farms to enhance the safety of perilla leaves.