• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.97-129
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• 2005

Korean society recently witnesses a rapid lllcrease of suicide across all ages. In particular, suicide in old ages jumps up ill a very unexpected way. Furthermore, the order of suicide in the cause of death across all ages is becoming higher and higher in Korea. This study provides details of suicide that occurs in Korean society with the comparison to that of Japan at the descriptive level. It is not well known why suicide in Korean surges recently. Several previous research show the possibility that surging suicide is closely related to the worsened economic conditions especially since the economic crisis in 1997. They adopt economic growth, unemployment rate, income distribution, household finance index as economic indicators in their research. This study also adopts those indicators and conducts a correlation analysis in two periods, 1990-1997 and 1998-2004. It is found that there is no correlation between economic indicators and suicide in the period of 1990-1997. On the other hand, there is a very strong correlation between income distribution and suicide in the period of 1998-2004. Other economic indicators except income distribution does not have any significant correlation with suicide. This finding suggests that currently increasing suicide in Korea may be a result of economic polarization, which has been worsened since the economic crisis in 1997.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.19-33
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• 1997

This study reports the results about the petrography and geochemical characteristics of 10 representative volacanic rocks. The Cretaceous volcanic rocks distributed in the vicinity of the Kageo island composed of andesitic rocks, dacitic welded tuff, and rhyolitic rocks in ascending order. Sedimentary rock is the basement in the study area covered with volcanic rocks. Andesitic rocks composed of pyroclastic volcanic breccia, lithic lapilli tuff and cryptocrystallin lava-flow. Most dacitic rocks are lapilli ash-flow welded tuff. Rhyolitic rocks consists of rhyolite tuff and rhyolite lava flow. Rhyolite tuff are lithic crystal ash-flow tuff and crystal vitric ash-flow tuff with somewhat accidental fragments of andesitic rocks, but dacitic rocks. The variation of major and trace element of the volcanic rocks show that contents of $Al_2O_3$, FeO, CaO, MgO, $TiO_2$ decrease with increasing of $SiO_2$. On the basis of Variation diagrams such as $Al_2O_3$ vs. CaO, Th/Yb vs. Ta/Yb, and $Ce_N/YB_N$ vs. $Ce_N$, these rocks represent mainly differentiation trend of calc-alkaline rock series. On the discriminant diagrams such as Ba/La and La/Th ratio, Rb vs. Y + Nb, the volcanic rocks in study area belongs to high-K Orogenic suites, with abundances of trace element and ternary diagram of K, Na, Ca. According to the tectonic discriminant diagram by Wood, these rocks falls into the diestructructive continental margin. K-Ar ages of whole rocks are from andesite to rhyolite $97.0{\pm}6.8~94.5{\pm}6.6,\68.9{\pm}4.8,\61.5{\pm}4.9~60.7{\pm}4.2$ Ma, repectively. Volcanic rocks in study area show well correlation to the Yucheon Group in terms of rock age dating and geochemcial data, and derived from andesitic calc-alkaline magma that undergone low pressure fractional crystallization dominated plagioclase at <30km.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.101-125
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• 2002

A lake seismic survey was carried out to investigate possible geohazards for construction of the underground LPG storage at Namyang Lake. The proposed survey site has a land-lake combined geography and furthermore water depth of the lake is shallow. Therefore, various seismic methods such as marine single channel high resolution seismic reflection survey, sonobuoy refraction survey, land refraction survey and land-lake combined refraction survey were applied. Total survey amounts are 34 line-km of high resolution lake seismic survey, 14 lines of sonobuoy refraction survey, 890 m of land refraction survey and 8 lines of land-lake combined refraction survey. During the reflection survey, there were severe water reverberations from the lake bottom obscured subsurface profiling. These strong multiple events appeared in most of the survey area except the northern and southern area near the embankment where seems to be accumulated mainly mud dominated depositions. The sonobuoy refraction profiles also showed the same Phenomena as those of reflection survey. Meanwhile the results of the land-lake combined refraction survey showed relatively better qualities. However, the land refraction survey did not so due to low velocity soil layer and electrical noise. Summarized results from the lake seismic survey are that acoustic basement with relatively flat pattern appeared 30m below water level and showed three types of bedrock such as fresh, moderately weathered and weathered type. According to the results of the combined refraction survey, a velocity distribution pattern of the lake bottom shows three types of seismic velocity zone such as >4.5 km/s, 4.5-4.0km/s and <4.0km/s. The major fault lineament in the area showed NW-SE trend which was different from the Landsat image interpretation. A drilling was confirmed estimated faults by seismic survey.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.339-346
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• 2003

In order to improve some problems such as contamination of undesirable mold, mycotoxin production and excessive drying on the surface of traditional meju, we developed a capsule type-meju(CM) coated with steamed black bean and Aspergillus oryzae - rice koji(0.3％, w/w) mixture to surface of traditional meju and fermented at 25$^{\circ}C$ for 14 days under 80％ relative humidity. Contamination of undesirable mold on the surface of CM was not detected within 2 weeks and some genus Penicillium molds on control meju without koji were found naturally after 12 days of fermentation. The moisture content of meju was showed to be in the range of 34.7 - 29.4％ being 32.7％(w/w) of mean value. Titratable acidities in CMs prepared with black bean(BCM) and soybean(SCM) were much higher than that in control meju, and BCM was similar to SCM. Free sugar content in BCM(123.98 mg％) was 10 times and 2.1 times higher than that in control meju(15.02 mg％) and SCM(59.85 mg％), respectively. Amino type nitrogen content in control meju was 147.00 mg％ and its content in BCM(255.50 mg％) was 1.37 times higher than that in SCM(187.25 mg％). Total organic acid content in BCM(95.98 mg％) and SCM(1l9.98 mg％) were much higher than that in control meju(26.44 mg％), and then lactic and malic acid contents were markedly changed according to capsulation of meju. Lightness value(L) of Hunter color index was much higher in BCM than in SCM. Fatty acid composition of CM was not different as compared to control meju. Total free amino acid content in BCM(1039.70 mg％) was 4.4 times and 2.4 times higher than that in control meju(236.45 mg％) and SCM(556.07 mg％), respectively.

• Proceedings of the Mineralogical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.84-85
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• 2003

소백산육괴의 동부에 분포하는 영양-울진지역의 선캠브리아기 변성암류는 평해층, 기성층, 원남층, 평해화강편마암, 하다우백질화강편마암 등으로 구성되어 있다(김옥준 외, 1963). 그러나, 최근 김남훈 외(2001, 2002)은 야외조사연구와 암석학적 및 지구화학적 연구를 통하여 주로 변성화산암류로 기재되었던 기성층은 변성화산암류가 아니라 평해층과 원남층에서 산출되는 화강암질편마암과 각섬암 기원의 변성암류가 연성전단변형을 받아 형성된 압쇄암 내지 초압쇄암으로 되어 있고, 기존의 기성층은 변성화산암류와 같이 성분상으로 구분되는 별개의 층이 아닌 구조적으로 만들어진 연성전단대의 중심부일 가능성을 시사한 바가 있다. 본 연구는 연성전단대의 연장성 및 연성전단대 형성과 관련된 지구조운동의 특성을 파악하고, 중첩된 변형구조들의 선후관계로부터 영양-울진지역 선캠브리아기 변성암류에 대한 변형작용사를 규명하기 위해 기성층의 분포지를 중심으로 이 지역 선캠브리아기 변성암류에 대한 상세한 야외지질조사를 실시하였다. 그 결과, 예천(북후면-평은면)지역을 통과하여 봉화 부근에서 동북동-서남서 방향이 동-서 방향으로 전환하여 장군봉지역까지 연장되는 것으로 알려져 있는 우수 주향 이동성 예천전단대(KIGAM, 1995; 강지훈 외 1997; 강지훈, 2000; 강지훈과 김형식, 2000)는 영양-울진지역까지 연장됨이 확인된다. 또한, 영양-울진지역의 선캠브리아기 변성암류에는 연성전단변형 이전에 적어도 한 번의 습곡작용과 이후에 적어도 두 번의 습곡작용이 인지된다. 각 변형단계별 특징적인 구조요소를 요약하면 다음과 같다. D1 변형: 편마면 내지 편리(S0)가 습곡되어 형성된 F1 습곡은 동-서 방향의 준 수평적인 습곡축을 갖는 뿌리 없는 등사습곡 형태로 인지된다. 양 날개부의 S0 엽리는 F1 습곡축면(S1)으로 완전히 전위된 하나의 엽리(S0-1)로 나타나고, S0-1 엽리는 이 지역의 광역엽리로 인지된다. S0-1 광역엽리는 구성암류의 대상 분포 방향과 유사한 서북서 주향에 북쪽으로 중각 경사하는 집중된 방향성을 보이며 분산되어 나타난다. D2 변형: 변형구조로는 신장선구조, 압쇄구조면, 비대칭습곡 등으로 인지된다. 신장선구조는 S0-1 엽리면상에서 주로 신장된 석영(집합체)과 장석(집합체)들의 정향배열에 의해 정의되고, S0-1 엽리의 주향 방향으로 저각으로 침강하는 집중된 방향성을 보이며 분산되어 나타난다. 신장선구조에 평행하고 S0-1 엽리에 수직한 단면에서는 상부-동쪽-이동의 우수주향 이동성 연성 전단운동감각을 지시하는 구조요소들이 다량 관찰된다. 연성전단변형에 의해 형성된 압쇄구조면은 전단엽리와 압쇄엽리에 각각 해당하는 C면과 S면 등이 인지된다. 전단엽리 C면은 S0-1 광역엽리와 거의 일치하고, 압쇄엽리 S면은 F2 비대칭습곡의 축면엽리와 거의 일치한다. S0-1 엽리를 습곡시키는 F2 비대칭습곡은 S0-1 엽리를 전단면으로 하여 상부-동쪽-이동 전단운동에 의해 형성된 밀착습곡 형태로 인지된다. F2 습곡축은 북동 방향으로 중각 내지 저각 침강하고 F1 습곡축과는 65$^{\circ}$-75$^{\circ}$ 범위의 사이각을 이룬다. F2 습곡축면은 동북동 주향에 북쪽으로 중각으로 경사하고 F1 습곡축면과는 20$^{\circ}$-40$^{\circ}$ 범위의 사이각을 이룬다. D3 변형. S0-1 엽리와 압쇄구조면 등을 습곡시키는 F3 습곡은 준 수평적인 습곡축과 습곡축면을 갖는 개방 횡와습곡의 형태로 인지된다. D4 변형: F4 습곡은 비대칭 공역성 킹크습곡, 공역성 충상단층에 수반되어 나타나는 드래그습곡, 대칭 개방 직림습곡 등의 다양한 습곡 형태로 인지된다. 이들 F4 습곡의 축면엽리는 일반적으로 동-서 주향에 남쪽과 북쪽으로 경사한다. 그 경사각은 비대칭 공역성 킹크습곡(저각), 드래그습곡(중각), 대칭 개방 직립습곡(고각) 순으로 고각을 이룬다. F4 습곡축은 동쪽과 서쪽으로 저각 침강하는 집중된 방향성을 보인다. 공역성 충상단층은 동-서 주향에 남쪽과 북쪽으로 경사하는 단층면과 상부가 북쪽과 남쪽으로 충상하는 운동상을 보인다. 드래그습곡의 축면엽리는 이러한 공역성 충상단층운동의 전단압축방향에 수직으로 발달한다. 이러한 D4 변형구조는 남-북 방향의 압축 지구조 환경하에서 형성된 것으로 고찰된다.

• The Korean Journal of Petroleum Geology
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• v.2 no.2 s.3
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• pp.43-50
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• 1994

The geologic structure of Gongju Basin, which is a Cretaceous sedimentary basin located on the boundary of Gyeonggi Massif and Ogcheon Belt, is modeled by using gravity data and interpreted in relation with basin forming tectonism. The electrical survey with dipole-dipole array was also conducted to uncover the development of fractures in the two fault zones which form the boundaries of the basin. In the process of gravity data reduction, the terrain correction was performed by using the conic prism model, which showed better results specially for topography having a steep slope. The gravity model of the geologic structure of Gongju basin is obtained by forward modeling based on the surface geology and density inversion. It reveals that the width of the basin at its central part is about $4{\cal}km$ and about $2.5{\cal}km$ at the southern part. The depth of crystalline basement beneath sedimentary rocks of the basin is about $700{\~}400{\cal}m$ below the sea level and it is thinner in the center than in margin. The fault of the southeastern boundary appears more clearly than that of the northwestern boundary, and its fracture zone may extended to the depth of more than $1{\cal}km$. Therefore, it is thought that the tectonic movement along the fault in the southeastern boundary was much stronger. These results coincide with the appearance of broad low resistivity anomaly at the southeastern boundary of the basin in the resistivity section. The fracture zones having low density are also recognized inside the basin from the gravity model. The swelling feature of basement and the fractures in sedimentary rocks of the basin suggest that the compressional tectonic stress had also involved after the deposition of the Cretaceous sediments.

• The Korean Journal of Petroleum Geology
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• v.10 no.1_2 s.11
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• pp.23-33
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• 2004

The Lago Sofia conglomerate in southern Chile is a lenticular unit encased within mudstone-dominated, deep-sea successions (Cerro Toro Formation, upper Cretaceous), extending from north to south for more than $120{\cal}km$. The Lago Sofia conglomerate is a unique example of long, gravelly deep-sea channels, which are rare in the modern environments. In the northern part (areas of Lago Pehoe and Laguna Goic), the conglomerate unit consists of 3-5 conglomerate bodies intervened by mudstone sequences. Paleocurrent data from these bodies indicate sediment transport to the east, south, and southeart. The conglomerate bodies in the northern Part are interpreted as the tributary channels that drained down the Paleoslope and converged to form N-S-trending trunk channels. In the southern part (Lago Sofia section), the conglomerate unit comprises a thick (> 300 m) conglomerate body, which probably formed in axial trunk channels of the N-5-trending foredeep trough. The well-exposed Lago Sofia section allowed for detailed investigation of sedimentary facies and large-scale architecture of the deepsea channel conglomerate. The conglomerate in Lago Sofia section comprises stratified conglomerate, massive-to-graded conglomerate, and diamictite, which represent bedload deposition under turbidity currents, deposition by high-density turbidity currents, and muddy debris flows, respectively. Paleocurrent data suggest that the debris flows originated from the failure of nearby channel banks or slopes flanking the channel system, whereas the turbidity currents flowed parallel to the orientation of the overall channel system. Architectural elements produced by turbidity currents represent vertical stacking of gravel sheets, lateral accretion of gravel bars, migration of gravel dunes, and filling of channel thalwegs and scoured hollows, similar to those in terrestrial gravel-bed braided rivers. Observations of large-scale stratal pattern reveal that the channel bodies are offset stacked toward the east, suggestive of an eastward migration of the axial trunk channel. The eastward channel migration is probably due to tectonic tilting related to the uplift of the Andean protocordillera just west of the Lago Sofia deep-sea channel system.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate effects of different levels of seleniferous whole crop barley (WCB) supplementation on performance, and blood characteristics as physiological responses in growing pigs. A total of 20 cross-bred pigs ((Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire) ${\times}$ Duroc) were divided into 4 treatments of 5 pigs each and experimental period lasted for 6 weeks. They were fed diets containing 0.1 (non-seleniferous WCB as controls), 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mg/kg levels of selenium (Se) by supplementing seleniferous WCB, and non-seleniferous or seleniferous WCB was formulated to 5% level in total ration. The diets were isonitrogenous (18% crude protein) and isocaloric (3,500 kcal/kg digestible energy) across treatments. Increasing levels of seleniferous WCB supplements did not affect feed intake and BW gain, and blood total protein concentration was (p<0.05) significantly higher for 0.2 mg/kg Se treatments than for controls. On d 14, blood albumin concentration was higher (p<0.05) for seleniferous WCB supplemented groups than for control group. Contrarily, blood glucose concentration was tended to be higher for controls than for seleniferous WCB groups. Blood total lipid concentration was significantly (p<0.05) lowered with increasing levels of seleniferous WCB. Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase did not have any difference among treatments. It was tended that blood total cholesterol and triglyceride were lowered with increasing levels of seleniferous WCB. Blood Se concentration was significantly (p<0.05) increased with increasing levels of seleniferous WCB. The results indicate that Se present in seleniferous WCB had favorable effects on blood characteristics and blood Se increased by supplementing seleniferous WCB implies not only a good intestinal absorption of Se present in WCB but also the possibility of Se transfer into tissues.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.430-437
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• 2017

The protective effect of Pteridium aquilinum on high glucose-induced cytotoxicity was examined in vitro to investigate the relationship between diabetic condition and neuronal dysfunction. The ethyl acetate fraction of P. aquilinum (EFPA), with total phenolic content of 265.08 mg gallic acid equivalent/g, showed higher 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)/2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activities and lipid peroxidation inhibitory effect than any other fraction. In addition, EFPA showed a significant reduction in the inhibitory effect on ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity ($IC_{50}$ value=$205.26{\mu}g/mL$) compared to the acarbose positive control. The anti-oxidative effect in PC12 cells, protective effects on high glucose-induced oxidative stress in neuronal cells, and neurotoxicity were measured using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazoliumbromide, and lactate dehydrogenase assays, respectively. EFPA showed conspicuous inhibitory effect on cellular reactive oxygen species production and neuronal cell apoptosis. Finally, kaempferol-3-glucoside was identified as the main phenolic compound of EFPA using high performance liquid chromatography.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.246-256
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the association of total dietary antioxidant capacity (TAC) with oxidative stress and metabolic markers among patients with metabolic syndrome according to gender. Methods: A total of 346 subjects aged 30~59 years with two or more risk factors of metabolic syndrome were recruited from a general hospital near Seoul in South Korea between 2010 and 2012 based on data from the medical checkup. Biochemical indices for oxidative stress and metabolic markers were measured. Food consumption data from 3-day food records were linked with the antioxidant capacity database for commonly consumed Korean foods to estimate individual's TAC. Results: Average dietary TAC of the study subjects was 132.0 mg VCE/d/1,000 kcal in men and 196.4 mg VCE/d/1,000 kcal in women. Levels of ${\gamma}$-glutamyltransferase (GGT), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and blood triglycerides were reduced significantly according to increasing TAC in men, but there was no significant trend in women. Intakes of total flavonoids and carotenoids were significantly negatively correlated with GGT (p < 0.05) and d-ROMs (p < 0.01) in men, whereas those of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol (p < 0.05) and ${\gamma}$-tocopherol (p < 0.05) were positively correlated with biological antioxidant potential (BAP) in women. The odds ratio of high oxidative stress indices and abnormal metabolic markers according to TAC level were not significant in either men or women. Conclusion: The results show that dietary TAC was partially associated with oxidative stress and metabolic markers among patients with metabolic syndrome. Further research is required for elucidating the association between dietary TAC and incidence of metabolic syndrome and chronic diseases within a large population in prospective studies.