• Title/Summary/Keyword: 지질단면도

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Gas hydrate stability field in the southwestern Ulleung Basin, East Sea (동해 울릉분지 남서부 해역에서의 가스 하이드레이트 안정영역)

  • Ryu Byong Jae;Don Sun woo;Chang Sung Hyong;Oh Jin yong
    • The Korean Journal of Petroleum Geology
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    • v.7 no.1_2 s.8
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    • pp.1-6
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    • 1999
  • Natural gas hydrate, a solid compound of natural gas (mainly methane) and water in the low temperature and high pressure, is widely distributed in permafrost region and deep sea sediments. Gas hydrate stability field (GHSF), which corresponds to the conditions of a stable existence of solid gas hydrate without dissociation, depends on temperature, pressure, and composition of gas and interstitial water. Gas hydrate-saturated sediment are easily recognized by the bottom simulating reflector (BSR), a strong-amplitude sea bottom-mimic reflector in seismic profiles. It is known that BSR is associated with the basal boundary of the GHSF, The purpose of this study is to define the GHSF and its occurrence in the southwestern part of Ulleung Basin, East Sea. The hydrothermal gradient is measured using the expandable bathythermograph (XBT) and the geothermal gradient data are utilized from previous drilling results for the adjacent area. By the laboratory work using methane and NaCl $3.0 wt{\%}$ solution, it is shown that the equilibrium pressures of the gas hydrate reach to 2,920.2 kPa at 274.15 K and to 18,090 kPa at 289.95 K for the study area. Consequently, it is interpreted that the lower boundary of the GHSF is about 210 m beneath 400-m-deep sea bottom and about 480 m beneath 1,100-m-deep sea bottom. The resultant boundary is well matched with the depth of the BSR obtained from the seismic data analysis for the study area.

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Seismic Structures of the Continental Margin around Smith Island, antarctic Peninsula (남극반도 스미스섬 부근 대륙주변부의 탄성파 구조)

  • Jin, Yong-Keun;Nam, Sang-Heon;Lee, Joo-Han;Hong, Jong-Kuk;Lee, Duk-Kee;Lee, Jong-Ik
    • Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.443-453
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    • 2006
  • Using seismic profiles obtained in the Antarctic Peninsula continental margin around Smith Island located at the southwestern end of the South Shetland Islands, we investigated sediments distribution, sedimentation, continental shelf formation, and tectonic evolution history. The study area is a very unique area that has two tectonic provinces with a tectonic boundary near Smith Island just the landward projection of the Hero Fracture Zone (HFZ). To the southwest of the Island, the margin became inactive margin after the collision of the ridge crest of the Antarctic-Phoenix ridge and trench, whereas to the northeast the margin is still apparently active margin with the spreading center and trench morphology in the sea. Generally the northeastern margin has the shelf sedimentary basins wth thick sedimentary layers, well-developed forearc basin, broad continental slope and distinct trench morphology, and the southwestern margin is characterized by steep and narrow continental slope and localized shelf basins. the mid-shelf basement high structures are distinct in the southwestern margin, which are thought to be formed by thermal effect caused by the subducted spreading centers. The high is observed in the area just northeast of the Island, implying that the tectonic boundary along the landward projection of the HFZ is not sharply defined.

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Analysis of the Status of Mine and Methods of Mine Geospatial Information Construction Technology for Systematic Mine Management (체계적인 광산관리를 위한 광산현황 및 광산공간정보 구축 기술 분석)

  • Park, Joon-Kyu;Lee, Keun-Wang
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.19 no.9
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    • pp.355-361
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    • 2018
  • Mining is important as a national key industry that supplies energy and raw materials that are the basis for industrial development. On the other hand, mine development is necessarily accompanied by mineralization, for example, ground subsidence, heavy metal pollution, and water pollution. The mine hazard has a large range of damage, and it takes much time and cost to recover. In addition, there is a need for systematic mining management in order to prevent damages from occurring continuously. In this study, the present status of domestic mining industry and geospatial information construction technology for mining management were investigated. 95% of the mines surveyed were nonmetallic, and limestone mines accounted for 67%, and the constructed mine spatial information is not constructed with 3D geospatial information due to 2D current status, section, and geological map. Considering the results of the survey and analysis of 3D laser scanner and characteristics of Korean mine, handheld scanner is considered to be the most suitable method for constructing mine geospatial information. In addition, the data acquired through the 3D laser scanner can effectively visualize the object, and it can contribute to the systematic management of mining because it can be used for various purposes such as generation of drawings and calculation of volume.

Geomagnetic Field Properties and Magnetic Interpretation in the Southern Part of the Ulleung Basin (鬱陵盆地 남단해역의 地磁場 特性 및 磁氣異常 解析)

  • 박찬홍;석봉출
    • 한국해양학회지
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.117-132
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    • 1991
  • Marine total magnetic intensity over the southern part of the Ulleung Basin and geomagnetic data measured at a land base station are analyzed. Fourteen days observation of geomagnetic field at a fixed on-land base station showed how the geomagnetic field around the study area behaves. geomagnetic data at the base station can also be used as correction data for a diurnal variation. Magnetic anomalies in the study area do not reflect an effect of sea bottom topography but mainly subsurface basement. The southern part of the Ulleung Basin can be devided into two zones according to a different anomaly pattern; along the coastal shelves the isolated anomalies with a short wave and a strong amplitude are dominant, and toward the open sea the anomalies become much more subdued. The high anomaly zone adjoined to land is interpreted to be caused by granitic intrusives or volcanic rocks, and the weak anomaly zone to the outer sea to be arisen from an existence of deep basement. A spectrum analysis is applied to estimate magnetic basement depths from three anomaly profiles with a long period and a weak amplitude toward the outer sea. The calculated depths are 7.0km, 5.0km, and 2.6km respectively from outer profile. The basement might be correlated with the mixed layer of tuff, basalt, and sediment, which had been defined as L-2 layer in the Yamato basin and the Japan Basin.

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Automatic Determination of the Azimuth Angle of Reflectors in Borehole Radar Reflection Data Using Direction-finding Antenna (방향탐지 안테나를 이용한 시추공 레이다 반사법 탐사에 있어서 반사층 방위각의 자동 결정)

  • Kim Jung-Ho;Cho Seong-Jun;Yi Myeong-Jong;Chung Seung-Hwan
    • Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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    • v.1 no.3
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    • pp.176-182
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    • 1998
  • The borehole radar reflection survey can image the underground structure with high resolution, however, we cannot get any information on the orientation of the reflectors with dipole antenna alone. The direction-finding antenna system is commonly used to give the solution to the problem. However, the interpretation of the data from direction- finding antenna may be time-consuming, and sometimes have ambiguities in the sense of precise determination of the azimuth. To solve the problem, we developed the automatic azimuth finding scheme of reflectors in borehole radar reflection data using direction-finding antenna. The algorithm is based on finding the azimuthal angle possibly showing the maximum reflection amplitude in the least-squared error sense. The developed algorithm was applied to the field data acquired in quarry mine. It was possible to locate nearly all of the reflectors in three dimensional fashion, which coincide with the known geological structures and man-made discontinuities.

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Seismic Traveltime Tomography in Inhomogeneous Tilted Transversely Isotropic Media (불균질 횡등방성 매질에서의 탄성파 주시토모그래피)

  • Jeong, Chang-Ho;Suh, Jung-Hee
    • Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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    • v.10 no.4
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    • pp.229-240
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    • 2007
  • In this study, seismic anisotropic tomography algorithm was developed for imaging the seismic velocity anisotropy of the subsurface. This algorithm includes several inversion schemes in order to make the inversion process stable and robust. First of all, the set of the inversion parameters is limited to one slowness, two ratios of slowness and one direction of the anisotropy symmetric axis. The ranges of the inversion parameters are localized by the pseudobeta transform to obtain the reasonable inversion results and the inversion constraints are controlled efficiently by ACB(Active Constraint Balancing) method. Especially, the inversion using the Fresnel volume is applied to the anisotropic tomography and it can make the anisotropic tomography more stable than ray tomography as it widens the propagation angle coverage. The algorithm of anisotropic tomography is verified through the numerical experiments. And, it is applied to the real field data measured at limestone region and the results are discussed with the drill log and geological survey data. The anisotropic tomography algorithm will be able to provide the useful tool to evaluate and understand the geological structure of the subsurface more reasonably with the anisotropic characteristics.

Application of Electrical Resistivity Tomography Using Single Well in Seawater Intrusion Areas (해수침투지역에서 단일 시추공을 이용한 전기비저항 토모그래피 탐사의 적용성)

  • Song, Sung-Ho
    • Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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    • v.10 no.4
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    • pp.369-376
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    • 2007
  • Electrical resistivity tomography was carried out at seawater intrusion monitoring wells located at watershed in coastal areas. It is difficult to identify the characteristics of resistivity near monitoring well in case of using high signalto-noise ratio array due to the high conductivity condition in coastal aquifer although electrical resistivity survey is well adopted to delineate hydrogeological characteristics with the distribution of electrical resistivity. To improve the quality of electrical resistivity survey for two sites with seawater intrusion monitoring wells, inversion with the results of holeto-surface electrical resistivity tomography using single well was executed. The results of inversion for aquifer near wells were verified with the results of drilling log with the informations of fracture, electrical conductivity logging and normal resistivity logging. The inversion for aquifer near one of two wells was also performed at low and high tide with the same electrodes, respectively. From the inversion result, it is possible to obtain the resistivity images with high resolution and to identify the characteristics of aquifer related to seawater intrusion with tidal fluctuation. From this study, it was demonstrated that the hole-to-surface electrical resistivity tomography method accompanied with drilling log, electrical conductivity logging and normal resistivity logging would be useful to delineate the hydrogeological structures near monitoring wells in coastal areas.

Recurrence History of Slope Failure during the Holocene in Northeastern Japan (濕地 堆積物의 花粉組成과 無機質含量으로 본 東北 日本의 後氷期 四面崩壞 履歷)

  • Park, Ji-Hun;Toshikazu, Tamura;Hibino, Koichiro;Miyagi, Toyohiko
    • The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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    • v.18 no.1 s.22
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    • pp.31-39
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    • 2004
  • The stable-unstable curve graph (S-U curve) and the ignition los curve graph (IL curve) for pollen composition and inorganic material content in three areas (namely, Kawadoi Basin, Moniwa-Takada moor, and Nenoshiroishi moor) were prepared to reconstruct the recurrence history of slope failure during the Holocene in Northeastern Japan. Through the S-U curve, a period with a high slope failure frequency of 5,600~4,670yrB.P. was identified in Kawadoi Basin, two of 6,390~5,070yrB.P. and 4,750~3,800yrB.P. in Moniwa-Takada moor, and three of 6,630~6,070yrB.P., 5,890~5,360yrB.P., and 5,000~4,650yrB.P. in Nenoshiroishi moor. Through the IL curve, a period with a high slope failure frequency of 5,600~5,140yrB.P. was identified in Kawadoi Basin, and two of 6,390~6,170yrB.P. and 4,750~2,840yrB.P. in Moniwa-Takada moor. Most of above-mentioned periods were included in the period of slope instability in precedent studies. However, the periods with high slope failure frequency in this study were rather different from those in precedent studies. The times and numbers associated with these periods in each study area also showed discrepancies. Accordingly, to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, more case studies must be performed to improve the reconstruction level of slope failure frequency, which could be explained through the analysis of pollen composition and inorganic material content.

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Study on the Characteristics of Gas Hydrate Layers Distributed in the Southern Ulleung Basin, the East Sea (동해 울릉분지 남부해역에 분포하는 가스 하이드레이트층의 특성 연구)

  • Huh Sik;Yoo Hai-Soo;Kim Han-Joon;Han Sang-Joon;Lee Yong-Kuk
    • The Korean Journal of Petroleum Geology
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    • v.10 no.1_2 s.11
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    • pp.18-22
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    • 2004
  • To identify and interpret the distribution and the characteristics of the gas hydrate layers in the Ulleung Basin, we have surveyed and gathered the multi-channel seismic data, Chirp sub-bottom profiler, SeaBeam and 12 m piston core samples since 1996. In previous works, high-resolution seismic profiles showed acoustic anomalies such as acoustic void, acoustic turbidity and pock mark which indicate the presence of gas-charged sediments. The patterns of horizontal degassing cracks originated from free methane expansion is the strong indicator of shallow gas-charged sediments in the core samples. The observation of submarine slides and slumps from destabilizing the sediments in the southern part of the Ulleung Basin may also point out that the gas had been released from gas hydrate dissociation during lowstand of sea level. The multi-channel seismic data show BSR, blanking and phase reversal. The gas hydrate layers above which large-scale shallow gases are distributed exist at the depth of about 200 m from the sea-floor with water depth of 2,100 m. From the interpretation of seismic sections in the southern Ulleung Basin, gas hydrate layers occur in the Pleistocene-Holocene sediments. These gas-charged sediments, acoustic anomalies and BSR may be all related to the existence of gas hydrate layers in the study area.

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Interpretation and Analysis of Seismic Crosshole Data: Case History (탄성파 토모그래피 단면측정 데이터 분석 및 해석: 현장응용 사례)

  • Kim Jung-Yul;Kim Yoo-Sung;Hyun Hye-Ja
    • Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.31-42
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    • 1998
  • Recently crosshole seismic tomography has come to be widely used especially for the civil engineering, because it can provide more detail information than any other surface method, although the resolution of tomogram will be inevitably deteriorated to some extent due to the limited wavefield aperture on the nonuniqueness of traveltime inversion. In addition, our field sites often consist of a high-velocity bed rock overlain by low-velocity rock, sometimes with a contrast of more than 45 percent, and furthermore the bed rock is folded. The first arriving waves can be then the refracted ones that travel along the bed rock surface for some source/receiver distances. Thus, the desirable first arrivals can be easily misread that cause severe distortion of the resulting tomogram, if it is concerned with (straight ray) traveltime inversion procedure. In this case, comparision with synthetic data (forward modeling) is a valuable tool in the interpretation process. Besides, abundant information is contained in the crosshole data. For instance, examination of tube waves can be devoted to detecting discontinuities within the borehole such as breakouts, faults, fractures or shear zones as well as the end of the borehole. Specific frequency characteristics of marine silty mud will help discriminate from other soft rocks. The aim of this paper is to present several strategies to analyze and interpret the crosshole data in order to improve the ability at first to determine the spatial dimensions of interwell anomalies and furthermore to understand the underground structures. To this end, our field data are demonstrated. Possibility of misreading the first arrivals was illustrated. Tube waves were investigated in conjunction with the televiewer images. Use of shot- and receiver gathers was examined to benefit the detectabilities of discontinuities within the borehole.

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