• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2021.04a
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• pp.34-34
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• 2021

과거 식물상에 대한 정보가 없었던 경기도 양주시 장흥면에 위치한 장군봉(425.0 m)의 식물상을 2020년 4월부터 10월까지 총 3회에 걸쳐 조사하였다. 본 조사에서 확인된 조사지 내 관속식물은 양치식물 8과 10속 9종 1변종 10분류군, 나자식물 3과 4속 6종 6분류군, 쌍자엽식물 62과 144속 198종 7아종 16변종 2품종 223분류군, 단자엽식물 6과 29속 38종 1아종 5변종 1픔종 45분류군으로 총 284분류군을 확인할 수 있었다. 장군봉 일대의 특산식물은 은사시나무 (Populus tomentiglandulosa T.B.Lee), 키버들 (Salix koriyanagi Kimura), 병꽃나무 (Weigela subsessilis (Nakai) L.H.Bailey), 백운산원추리 (Hemerocallis hakuunensis Nakai)의 4분류군이 분포하고 있었고 산림청에서 지정한 희귀식물로는 취약종 (VU) 등급의 주목 (Taxus cuspidata Siebold & Zucc.) 1분류군이 확인되었다. 느릅나무 (Ulmus davidiana var. japonica (Rehder) Nakai)를 포함하여 I등급 10종, 함박꽃나무 (Magnolia sieboldii K.Koch) 등 II등급 4종, 병조희풀 (Clematis heracleifolia DC.) 등 III등급 8종, IV등급에 해당하는 바위말발도리 (Deutzia grandiflora var. baroniana Diels) 등 총 25종이 식물구계학적특정종에 속했다. 침입외래식물은 미국자리공 (Phytolacca americana L.), 유럽점나도나물 (Cerastium glomeratum Thuill.), 청비름 (Amaranthus viridis L.) 등 20분류군을 확인할 수 있었고, 생태계교란야생식물인 환삼덩굴 (Humulus japonicus Sieboid & Zucc.), 돼지풀 (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), 단풍잎돼지풀 (Ambrosia trifida L.), 미국쑥부쟁이 (Aster pilosus Willd.)의 4분류군이 확인되었다.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.63-68
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• 2013

Manual wheelchair is one of the most used assistant device in Korea and the size of the wheelchair is defined as KS P ISO 7176-5 which follows the ISO 7176-5 standard size. But the standard often doesn't fit to Korean people because the ISO was enacted by foreigners' body sizes. Actually the result of survey from the Korean Agency for Technology and Standards showd that the designated sizes of height, width, deep of seat except armrest and the height of backrest of a chair in the present KS P ISO 7176-5 are much bigger and the height of armrest is smaller than the sizes investigated by the survey. In case the disabled person has a long wheelchair use time everyday, the posture of user should be uncomfortable because the mismatched size should cause user's pelvis rotations, slouching pose and low stability. Also, inside of knee may touch the wheelchair seat and user can't keep a correct posture. In this paper, the body sizes of Korean disabled person were investigated and the correct wheelchair sizes for Korean people are provided.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.85-95
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• 2017

This study aimed at more precisely estimating the age of big old trees using dendrochronological method. Gesan-gun in Chungbuk (CBGS), Gurye-gun in Jeonnam (JNGR) and Uljin-gun in Gyeongbuk (GBUJ) were study areas and Zelkova serrata (ZS) and Pinus densiflora (PD) selected as protected trees therein were used as experimental tree species. The increment cores were extracted from 12, 8, and 6 ZSs and 10, 3, and 9 PDs in CBGS, JNGR, and GBUJ, respectively, using an increment borer (${\phi}5.2mm$). In order to clearly distinguish tree-ring boundary, the surface in the transverse section was cut for ZS using a sliding microtome and sanded for PD using a sand paper. Ring widths were measured in the resolution of 0.01 mm. Based on the measurement values, 203-year long (1813-2015) ZS local master tree-ring chronologies were successfully established and 175-year long (1841-2015) ZS local master tree-ring chronology for JNGR was also successfully established. In the case of PD, 154-, 175-, and 250-year long local master tree-ring chronologies for CBGS, JNGR, and GBUJ were successfully established, respectively. In the comparisons between local master tree-ring chronologies, they showed low t-values and Glks. According to the comparisons of the local master tree-ring chronologies with 50-year (1950~2000) average temperature and precipitation distribution maps, the annual variations of local master tree-ring chronologies seem to be determined by not temperature but precipitation. For such cross-dating therefore more local master tree-ring chronologies have to be established at the least based on the distribution map for precipitation.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.113-120
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• 2000

Herpetofauna biodiversity was surveyed at the Chin-do. The results are as follows: During census periods presence of 2 orders, 4 families, 6 species of amphibians and 1 order, 2 suborders, 4 families, 8 species of reptiles were observed or found indirectly by auditorial recording from residents at the Chin-do. Among them 1 protected wildlife(Agkistrodon saxatilis) and several rare species such as Takydromus wolteri, Sciucella laterale laterale and Zamenis spinalis were indentified. Rana nigromaculata and Rana catesbeiana were found in all surveyed areas. Dominant amphibian species was Rana rugosa (D'= 25.8%) and reptile was Takydromus wolteri (D'= 21.8%). Among 4 areas survey area, Uisin-myon showed the highest level of species richness, diversity, and evenness indices (R'= 2.393, H'= 1.931, and E'= 0.7772, respectively). The species richness of Kunnae-myon was lower (R'= 0.932) than other surveyed regions. Based on the frequency of occurrence (85.71%), habitation density of Rana catesbeiana was very common in Chin-do, suggesting that spreading of this foreign species in the entire Korean peninsula. Scincella laterale laterale, Elaphe dione, Elaphe rufodorsata, Dinodon rufozonatus rufozonatus, Rhabdophis tigrinus tigrinus, Agkistrodon ussuriensis, and Zamenis spinalis showed low frequency of occurrence ( < 10%) and efforts to protect them are required. [Herpetofauna, Bio-diversity, Chin-Do].

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.76-76
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• 2002

무주나무(Lasianthus japonicus Miquel)는 일본, 대만, 중국 등에 분포하고 열대 및 아열대의 상록활엽수림에서만 자라는 것으로 알려져 있으며, 우리나라에는 제주도 남쪽계곡에만 분포하는 희귀식물이다. 무주나무는 현재 환경부 지정 보호야생식물로 보호되고 있으나 개체특성 및 자생지에 대한 정확한 조사가 이루어진 바 없다. 본 연구는 무주나무의 자생지 현황과 생육특성을 파악하고자 실시하였다. 무주나무의 자생지는 제주도 남제주군 남원읍 하례리 해발 250m의 계곡 동사면과 서귀포시 돈네코 계곡의 해발 350 m 계곡의 서사면 등 2개소로 확인되었다. 자생지별 개체수는 남원읍 하례리 4개체, 서귀포시 돈네코계곡 5개체 등 총 9개체에 불과하였다. 자생지는 계곡의 상록수림 하부에 바위 위 부엽토나, 습한 계곡 사면이었으며, 교목층에는 구실잣밤나무, 비쭈기나무, 황칠나무, 동백나무 등이 우점하고, 관목층에는 사스레피나무, 백량금, 산호수 등이 우점하는 상록활엽수림이었다. 분포 개체의 수고는 최소 0.4 m, 최대 1.55 m로 평균 1.5 m 였다. 생장특성을 조사한 결과 줄기는 어릴 때는 사각형이지만 점차 원형으로 되며, 일정한 마디가 있고 털이 없으며, 잎은 대생하고, 혁질이며, 중륵과 측맥이 뚜렷한 특성을 갖고 있었다. 열매는 장과형으로 성숙 시에는 남색이며 털이 없으며, 직경 약 6-7 mm, 4-5개의 종자가 들어 있었다. 종자는 반달형이며, 3개의 홈이 지는 특성을 갖고 있었다. 현재의 자생지는 자연적인 요인으로서 토양유실이 심하게 일어나고 있는 지역이었으며, 교목 또는 다른 관목에 의한 피압으로 무주나무의 생장에 부적절한 환경으로 판단되었다. 따라서 자생지의 적절한 식생관리와 지속적인 자생지 조사 및 자생지외 보존에 관한 연구가 이루어져야할 것으로 생각된다.$I_{NO}$ 가 죽절초를 제외한 3종에서 여름철 낮시간에 증가하였다. 겨울철의 O-J-I-P곡선은 모든 종에서 낮시간에 다소 낮아지지만 큰 변화는 없었다. 그리고, 문주란, 박달목서, 파초일엽에서 $\psi$o/(1-$\psi$o)가 낮시간에 다소 증가하였다. 이로부터 P $I_{NO}$ , SF $I_{NO}$ , $\psi$o/(1-$\psi$o)등의 변수는 식물의 활력도를 검정하는 지표로 활용될 가능성이 높다고 할 수 있다.irc}C$) 까지 동시에 냉각된 사실을 지시한다. 각섬석 편암내의 각섬석들은 복잡한 40Ar/39Ar 연대를 보여주며 일부가 평형연대를 보여주지만 특별한 의미 부여가 힘들다.해예방행동을 촉구하는 등의 효과도 높은 것으로 예방의학적인 유용성이 크다고 볼 수 있다. 미침을 알 수 있었다. 대두 단백질로 코팅된 golden delicious는 상온에서60일 동안 보관하였을 경우, 사과표피의 색도 변화를 현저히 지연시킴을 확인하였다. 또한 control과 비교하여 성공적으로 사과에 코팅하였으며, 상온에서 보관하여을 때 사과의 품질을 30일 이상 연장하는 효과를 관찰하였다. 이들 결과로부터 대두단백질 필름이 과일 등의 포장제로서 이용할 가능성을 확인하였다.로 [-wh] 겹의문사는 복수 의미를 지닐 수 없 다. 그러면 단수 의미는 어떻게 생성되는가\ulcorner 본 논문에서는 표면적 형태에도 불구하고 [-wh]의미의 겹의문사는 병렬적 관계의 합성어가 아니라 내부구조를 지니지 않은 단순한 단어(minimal $X^{0}$ elements)로 가정한다. 즉, [+wh] 의미의 겹의문사는 동일한 구성

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.23-33
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• 2011

In this study, the data that examined the chloride ion concentration of ground water wells in the west coast of Jeollabukdo applying the GIS spatial estimation method were analyzed. In particular, through the designation of a validation point among ground water wells and then the analysis of error characteristics of the chloride ion concentration by each method of IDW (Inverse Distance Weight), Spline, and Kriging Interpolation method which is proper for estimating salt water intrusion was selected. The main conclusion from this study is as follows. First, as a result of analyzing the error characteristics of various spatial estimation methods by using the data from the chloride ion concentration of 485 ground water wells, the IDW method was found to be the most appropriate for estimating chloride ion concentration by salt water intrusion. Second, analyzing the average chloride ion concentration of the targeted regions has revealed that Gunsan-si with the record of $541mg/{\ell}$ did not meet water quality standards even for industrial use. Both Gimje-si and Gochang-gun satisfied drinking water quality standards and Buan-gun with $272mg/{\ell}$ was slightly below the standards for drinking water. Third, concerning the results of analysis according to administrative districts, as the areas adjacent to the west coast such as Daemyeong-dong, Joong-dong, Jangjae-dong and Guemam-dong in Gunsan-si are found to have very high chloride ion concentration, and both Hoehyeon-myeon and Daeya-myeon bounded by the Mankeong river did not meet water quality standards even for industrial use. From these facts, it is concluded that salt water intrusion has a great effect on Gunsan-si generally.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.2
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• pp.267-276
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• 2015

This study suggests a macroscopic method of evaluating forest recreation function based on physical characteristics of forests. The method was verified by a correlation between forest recreation function in popular top 45 mountains and popularity among them, with using data-mountain area, height, distance between mountain and cities, population around mountain, and size of public service. According to analysis of the forest recreation function, it is shown that top 8 mountains, including Jirisan and Seoraksan, provide over 64% of total recreation function, while they serve the function relatively lower than mountains near mega cities-Bukhansan in Seoul-do, in terms of the function per unit area ($km^2$). It is because, in a case of national and provincial mountains, the size of mountain is likely a critical factor for determining recreation function and the distance influences on it relatively lower. These findings implicate that a large size of forests bring the recreation function to visitors on nationwide level, whileas forests in suburban provide intensively it to near population to near population.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.378-398
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• 2017

Mt. Deoktaesan(1,113 m) is located in Jinan-gun Baekun-myon and Jangsu-gun Chunchun-myon. Investigated area was decided to include Mt. Deoktaesan, Mt. Seongaksan and its neighbor area, and this study was conducted from March to October, 2015 in 12 days. Based on the voucher, vascular plants in Mt. Deoktaesan were 108 families 341 genera 525 species 4 subspecies 64 varieties 14 forms, totally 607 taxa, which is 12.4% of total Korean flora. Korean endemic plants were 15 species. Among these species, Populus tomentiglandulosa T.B.Lee, Campanula takesimana Nakai and Forsythia koreana (Rehder) Nakai are verified as planted species. Rare and endangered plants of designated by Korea Forest Service were 10 taxa, such as Peucedanum hakuunense Nakai, Paeonia japonica (Makino) Miyabe & Takeda, Koelreuteria paniculata Laxmann, Eranthis stellata Maxim., Eranthis stellata Maxim., Viola albida Palib., Chionanthus retusus Lindl. & Paxton, Campanula takesimana Nakai, Tricyrtis macropoda Miq. and Iris ensata var. spontanea (Makino) Nakai, respectively. Phytogeographical special plants were totally 41 taxa, which were grade 17 taxa of garde I, 12 taxa of grade II, 12 taxa of grade III, 8 taxa of grade IV, and 1 taxon of grade V.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.51-68
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• 2012

This paper aims to investigate the value in culture, history and ecology of the Mt. Palgong. It attempts to build the strategy for making use of The Mt. Palgong by literature survey, interview, and field survey. The main results are as follows: 1) The boundary of physical geography of the Mt. Palgong is classified into two. The boundary of the Mt. Palgong limits to granite mass block in a narrow sense, while in a broad sense, the boundary of the Mt. Palgong includes a contact aureole to be bordered on the Mt. Palgong granite mass block. The boundary from a cultural viewpoint limits to Daegu city(excluding Dalseong county) and Gyeongsan city, Yeongcheon city, Gunwi county and Chilgok (Dongmyeong-myeon, Giseong-myeon) in Gyeongbuk province. 2) In the geological boundary, one of the south-west slope is clearer than that of the north-east slope of the Mt. Palgong. The landforms such as tor, sheeting joint and gutter are well developed as a whole. Mountain landform such as boulder stream, polygonal cracking is relatively well developed on the south-west slope, while river landform is relatively well developed on the north-east slope of the Mt. Palgong. 3) It is necessary to develope various masterpiece of interesting stories related to Mt. Palgong in order to make the Mt. Palgong excellent tour complex. 4) It is desirable to designate the Mt. Palgong as a national park for systematic management. A master plan should be ultimately designed to raise brand value of Daegu city, and make good identity of the city by restoring 'The Mt. Palgong Jecheondan' and registering 'Gatbawi' as world heritage. 5) It is reasonable that the method of development in The Mt. Palgong should be based on the pattern of 'slow life town'. 'The Mt. Palgong museum' will then be designed to give visitors all the informations on The Mt. Palgong.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.272-287
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• 2019

The Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) was established in 1953 by the Korean War Armistice Agreement. It extends from the estuary of the Imjin River, in the west, to the coast of the East Sea. It is 4 km in width and 148 km in length. However, the ecosystems of the civilian control zone (CCZ) located between the southern border of the DMZ and the civilian control line (CCL) and the CCZ in the estuary of the Han River and the Yellow Sea are similar to those in the DMZ, and, therefore, the ecosystems of the DMZ and the CCZ are collectively known as the "ecosystems of the DMZ and its vicinities." The flora in the DMZ and its vicinities is composed of 1,864 species, which accounts for about 42% of all the vascular plant species on the Korean Peninsula and its affiliated islands. Conducting a detailed survey on the vegetation, flora, and fauna in the DMZ is almost impossible due to the presence of landmines and limitations on the time allowed to be spent in the DMZ. However, to assess the environmental impact of the Munsan-Gaesong railroad reconstruction project, it was possible to undertake a limited vegetation survey within the DMZ in 2001. The vegetation in Jangdan-myeon, in Paju City within the DMZ, was very simple. It was mostly secondary forests dominated by oaks such as Quercus mongolica, Q. acutissima, and Q. variabilis. The other half of the DMZ in Jangdan-myeon was occupied by grassland composed of tall grasses such as Miscanthus sinensis, M. sacchariflorus, and Phragmites japonica. Contrary to the expectation that the DMZ may be covered with pristine mature forests due to more than 60 years of no human interference, the vegetation in the DMZ was composed of simple secondary forests and grasslands formed on former rice paddies and agricultural fields. At present, the only legal protection system planned for the DMZ is the Natural Environment Conservation Act, which ensures that the DMZ would be managed as a nature reserve for only two years following Korean reunification. Therefore, firstly, the DMZ should be designated as a site of domestic legally protected areas such as nature reserve (natural monument), scenic site, national park, etc. In addition, we need to try to designate the DMZ as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve or as a World Heritage site, or as a Ramsar international wetland for international cooperation. For nomination as a world heritage site, we can emphasize the ecological and landscape value of the wetlands converted from the former rice paddies and the secondary forests maintained by frequent fires initiated by military activities. If the two Koreas unexpectedly reunite without any measures in place for the protection of nature in the DMZ, the conditions prior to the Korean War, such as rice paddies and villages, will return. In order to maintain the current condition of the ecosystems in the DMZ, we have to discuss and prepare for measures including the retention of mines and barbed-wire fences, the construction of roads and railroads in the form of tunnels or bridges, and the maintenance of the current fire regime in the DMZ.