• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.185-198
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• 2016

Korea has put in significant efforts to increase the number of wildlife crossings between fragmented habitats to prevent loss of biodiversity and to encourage the habitat connectivity in Korea. However, there is a lack of biological data on the effect of vegetation structure in these wildlife crossings and guidelines for design and management of wildlife crossing structures in Korea. Therefore, we selected ground beetle assemblages as model organisms to compare the effect of vegetation structure in wildlife crossings, i.e. bare ground- and shrub-type corridors, in agro-forested landscapes. For this study, 4,207 ground beetles belonging to 33 species were collected through pitfall trapping along the northern forest-corridor-southern forest transects from late April to early September in 2015. Dominant species, abundance, and species richness of ground beetles were significantly higher in the shrub-type corridors than the bare ground-type corridors. Also, the species composition of bare ground-type corridor was significantly different compared to the other habitats such as shrub-type corridor and forests. Similarly, environmental variables were also influenced by vegetation management regimes or trap locations. Collectively, our study clearly indicates that the movement of forest associated ground beetles between forest patches can increase as the vegetation in wildlife crossings becomes complex. Although further studies are needed to verify this, there are indications that the current wildlife crossings that comply with the guidelines may be unfriendly to the movement of ground dwelling arthropods as well as ground beetles. To enhance the ecological function of wildlife crossings, the guidelines need to be rectified as follows: 1) Shrubs or trees should be planted along the corridor verges to provide refuge or movement paths for small mammals and ground dwelling arthropods, and 2) Open spaces should be provided in the middle of the corridors to be used as a path for the movement of large mammals.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.13-27
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• 2016

The characteristics of the rock cleavage inherent in Jurassic granite from Geochang were analysed. The phases of distribution of microcrack spacings were derived from the enlarged photomicrographs(${\times}6.7$) of the thin section. The evaluation for the six directions of rock cleavages was performed using nine parameters such as (1) frequency of microcrack spacing(N), (2) frequency ratio(${\leq}1mm$ and 4 mm >) to total spacing frequency(N:191), (3) spacing ratio(${\leq}1mm$) to total spacing(118.49 mm), (4) mean spacing($S_{mean}$), (5) difference value($S_{mean}-S_{median}$) between mean spacing and median spacing($S_{median}$), (6) density of spacing, (7) median spacing, (8) reduction ratio of spacing frequency to length frequency and (9) magnitude of exponent(${\lambda}$ and b) related to the distribution type of diagram. Especially the close dependence between the above spacing parameters and the parameters from the spacing-cumulative frequency diagrams was derived. The results of correlation analysis between the values of parameters for three rock cleavages and those for three planes are as follows. The values of (I) parameters(1, 2 and 3), (II) parameters(4, 5 and 6), (III) parameter(7), (IV) parameter(8) and (V) parameter(9) show the various orders of H(hardway, H1+H2) < G(grain, G1+G2) < R(rift, R1+R2), R < G < H, R < H < G, G < H < R and H < G < R, respectively. On the contrary, the values of the above four groups(I~IV) of parameters for three planes show reverse orders. This type of correlation analysis is useful for discriminating three quarrying planes. Six spacing-cumulative frequency diagrams were arranged in increasing order on the value of main parameter($S_{mean}-S_{median}$). These diagrams show an order of R2 < R1 < G2 < G1 < H2 < H1 from the related chart. In other words, the above six diagrams can be summarized in order of rift(R1+R2) < grain(G1+G2) < hardway(H1+H2). These results indicate a relative magnitude of rock cleavage related to microcrack spacing. Especially, the above main parameter could provide advanced information for prediction the order of arrangement among the diagrams.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.197-213
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• 2015

This study is to investigate the effect of the motivation of choosing the tourist spots on the image of the tourist spots and the intention of revisiting targeting the tourists visiting Gamcheon Culture Village. The motivations of choosing the tourist spots, such as experiences, sightseeing, viewing of the cultural events, have a positive (+) effect on the affective image of the tourists. Only sightseeing in the motivations of choosing the tourist spots has a positive (+) effect on the epistemic image of the tourists. With the results of the analyzed effect of the affective image of the tourist spots on the intention of revisiting, it is revealed that the affective image has a significant effect on the intention of revisiting, not the epistemic image. It is suggested that the tourists have a good impression of Gamcheon Culture Village through experiences, sightseeing, viewing of the cultural events. In order for Gamcheon Culture Village to be one of the world-famous tourist spots, many attractions should be provided along with more different experience programs than now, various attractions, alley festivals held throughout the year. With the village developed with the greatest care, the tourists should have the intention of revisiting the village through experiences, sightseeing, viewing of the cultural events with their precious memories, since positive images tourists have tend to be anchored in the affective area rather than in the epistemic one.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.75-89
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• 2007

This study has its aim at suggesting new direction of our education to search different ways in housing contents by comparing the necessity perception and demands between teachers and students for housing contents in Technology Home Economics curriculum of middle school. To achieve this aim, I chose middle school teachers in charge of Technology Home Economics and male and female students who are in the first grade in high school in Ulsan. I sent e-mail, mail, and visited researcher to gather the data. I used SPSS +12 statistical package for frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and t-test to analyze the data. Here is the result. First, In the part of application of living place, teachers had necessity perception in use and placement of furniture, and arrangement of objects. Students had necessity perception in the use and placement of furniture, the kind and choice of furniture. Also in the indoor environment and equipment part, both teachers and students had necessity perception in controlling of ventilation, temperature, and humidity. In the part of maintenance repair of housing, teachers had necessity perception in the need for maintenance management but students had necessity perception in house equipments and repair had high necessity perception Second, In housing-related general part, teachers demanded housing for elderly, disabled people, information about future housing and students demanded environmentally friendly living environment, housing for elderly, disabled people. In interior design part, teachers demanded in the expression of interior places through computer, the kind and characteristic of housing material and students demanded the way to reuse old furniture, kind and characteristic of housing material. In the part of housing preparation and occupation, teachers demanded the kind of housing-related occupation and students demanded the housing tax and the process of house purchase or concerned matter. Third, there were some difference of necessity perception and degree of demand between teachers and students. Teachers had higher necessity perception and demand in all part except in demand for housing equipment, maintenance, and environmentally friendly living environment.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.219-225
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the patients' knowledge and expectation of dental implants and to provide effective consulting and accurate information on implants to them. To that end, between March 23, 2008 and June 5, 2008, patients who were visiting dental clinics (hospitals) in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, and Incheon areas were surveyed. 84.7% of subjects said that they recognized implants, and the largest number of them (26.7%) of subjects came to know via friends. According to an analysis of subjects' knowledge of the dental implant operation, the maximum value was 4.06, and the minimum value was 3.05. The opinion value on the need to have regular examination after the implant operation was highest at 4.06. Regarding expectation over the implant operation, the maximum value was 4.42, and the minimum value was 1.78. The opinion value on considering the implant operation capability the most important was the highest at 4.42. The relationship between the knowledge of and expectation over implants was significant. By gender, females had a significantly higher level of knowledge than males. Regarding preference, females scored 3.27 points, and males scored 3.23 points. By occupation, professionals earned the highest score of 3.55 in knowledge, and professionals earned the highest score of 3.31 in expectation. According to an analysis of the relation between variables of knowledge of and variables of expectation over implants, the correlation coefficient (r) between the two factors was 0.362, indicating a positive relevancy(+)(p<.01).

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.23-24
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• 2014

NGII (National Geographic Information Institute) has been providing VRS (Virtual Reference Station) service so that could determine precise positioning in real time since 2007. However, since the VRS service has to maintain the connected status with VRS server, the number of users who can use VRS service are limited by capacity of VRS server. To solve this problem, NGII has been providing FKP (Virtual Reference Station) service using one way telecommunication from November 1, 2012. Therefore, it is predicted that the usage of FKP service will increase in public surveying and cadastral resurveying in the future. However, the studies with respect to analysis of FKP precision for applying to public surveying and cadastral resurveying is not conducted enough. In this study, to analyse the application possibility of FKP on the public surveying and cadastral resurveying, the two kind analysis were performed. First is the analysis of accuracy according to the configuration of reference station of FKP and VRS. One is consisted of same reference stations, another is consisted of different reference stations. Second is the accuracy anlalysis of horizontal and vertical positioning acquiring VRS and FKP data in various measurement environment based on VRS regulation. Result of first study, Positioning accuracy according to the configuration of the reference stations satisfies related regulation. However, accuracy of FKP in case of different reference stations is worse than in case of same reference stations.. The result of second test shows that the horizontal precision of FKP and VRS in good measurement environment satisfy the allowed precision. However, in some case, horizontal precision of FKP and VRS in poor measurement environment exceed the allowed precision. In addition, the number of exceeding the allowed precision in the FKP is more than the VRS. The vertical precision of the VRS satisfy related work provision. In conclusion, the result of this study shows that the FKP only in open area should be used for public survey and cadastral resurvey. Therefore the additional studies with respect to the improvement of FKP precision should be conducted.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.31 no.2 s.51
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• pp.169-177
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• 2005

The propensity to purchase babies' cosmetics is investigated and analysed for this research. The synopsis of this research paper is as follows. The first, the $68\%$ of all respondents do not how a manufacturer or brand name in the reality of variously emerging domestic and import cosmetics for babies. The second, in case of a child haying a fair, sensitive skin or atopy (atopic dermatitis), the respondents are careful in choosing babies cosmetics but in case of a child having a normal skin the older a child grows from a stage of a new-born, a baby and an infant to a primary-school child, the older its mother is, the more respondents use adults' cosmetics in common rather than use cosmetics only for babies. $7.6\%$ of respondents do not use babies' cosmetirs at ail. Especially, in using bathing goods such as a shampoo or a body cleanser, they frequently use adults' cosmetics in common. The third, the qualify is taken into the utmost consideration in purchasing babies' cosmetics. The Quality of imports is trusted and preferred better than that of domestic goods. The cost of purchasing babies cosmetics is less than 10,000 Won. consumers recognize that the price or cosmetics is rather high. The last, the improvement or babies cosmetics is 'the safety of goods', answered by $56.5\%$ of respondents. The respondents are generally not satisfied with babies' cosmetics. So, a baby's skin is threatened by a newly-built house syndrome, the increase of atopic dermatitis, etc., caused by an environmental pollutions, a change of diet and a change of residential life. Under these actual conditions, babies' cosmetics which can protect a delicate and sensitive skin of a baby should be developed immediately. Consumers should have a correct choice with precise recognition and information on a baby's skin and cosmetics and continually use the efficacious and excellent babies' cosmetics to prevent a baby from a skin irritation, and need to show a keen interest in a healthy skin of a baby.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.451-459
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to provide useful information for making guide of quality index of Korean red pepper. The results of physicochemical characteristics analysis showed the moisture content of air-dried and sun-dried red pepper were 10.38~15.60% and 9.46~17.22%, which show that 50% of the 40 samples exceeded the 13% KS moisture standards of red pepper powder. The capsaicinoids content of the air-dried and sun-dried samples were 10.85~126.39 mg% (1,627~18,958 Scoville heat unit) and 0.43~164.09 mg% (64.5~24,613.5 Scoville heat unit). A wide distribution of ASTA values was observed: 49.12~154.69 and 70.08~182.13 for air-dried and sun-dried red pepper, respectively, with 9.29~23.10% free sugar, and 0~1,050 mg% of ascorbic acid. The total viable cells of the air-dried red peppers were 2.01~6.67 log CFU/g and of sun-dried red peppers, 1.74~5.77 log CFU/g. The contamination level of yeast in the samples were 1.03~4.12 log CFU/g of the air-dried samples and 1.05~6.10 log CFU/g of the sun-dried samples. Among the foodborne pathogens, Clostridium perfringens and Bacillus cereus were detected in many red pepper samples regardless drying method. In the principal component analysis, the first (PC1) and second principal components (PC2) accounted for 56.78 % of the total variances (38.47% and 18.31%, respectively). Ascorbic acid, ASTA, color value (L, a, b) were strongly correlated with the PC1, and quality characteristics such as moisture, microorganism, sample (drying method) showed a negative correlation with the PC1.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.451-458
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine pervasive trends in oral cancer in different countries in an effort to discuss what to do to prevent cancer and drop a death rate. The materials of the study were selected from among articles of oral cancer by searching risk factor and epidemiology at a website (www.oraloncology.com). As a result of analyzing the selected literature, it's found that in our country, the percentage of oral cancer in total cancer dropped but the number of oral cancer patients was on the rise every year. In foreign countries, the number of oral cancer patients was on the increase as well, whereas the lethality dropped. In terms of demographic characteristics, the incidence rate of oral cancer was higher among men than women overall. The incidence rate of oral cancer was larger among older people. The major causes of oral cancer were smoking and drinking. To reduce the incidence rate of oral cancer, every possible institutional, administrative and legal measure should be taken to ensure of anti-smoking policies, and publicity of moderation in and abstinence from drinking should be reinforced. The additional causes of oral cancer were demographic characteristics by country and region. The incidence of oral cancer was under the influence of that was affected when the level of personal economy and education was low. Therefore it's important to redress social imbalance within a country and among countries to remove socioeconomic divide. As the oral cancer patients has increased every year, the incidence rate of it should accurately be grasped, and sustained research efforts should be made in consideration of demographic characteristics. Early diagnosis, public oral health education and preventive policies are all required to decrease the incidence rate of oral cancer.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.253-292
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• 2011

This study is significant of groping for the autonomous perspective of a medication system for the establishment of harmonious regional labor-management relationship and investigating a plan to minimize previously labor disputes through both analyzing mediation cases and finding out any core issue from the labor-management relationship, with matters experienced in the mediation field when I had served as a mediator. Specially, this study has also objectives to prevent previously any labor dispute through analyzing and minimizing the issue of the labor dispute by case and to establish harmonious labor-management relationship thereby. Further since it is necessary to understand the organization and roles of the regional labor relations commission in order to understand the concrete matters in respect of the labor dispute mediation, this study shall be to explore in detail the matters relating hereto and to acquire general knowledge of mediation through case analysis. Additionally, there is little studies exploring alternative research for the establishment of reasonable labor-management relationship with core issues referred a mediation to the labor relations commission through both the position heightening of the labor relations commission and the analysis of core issues until now. Thus, this study may provide a theoretical base for raising a technique to enhance negotiation skill through acquiring the previous training or full knowledge on the approaching manner to be taken by the labor and management in the collective bargaining or wage bargaining on the basis of items analyzed by core issue. The heightening perspectives to be acquired through the analysis of 50 or more mediation cases are as follows. First, it deems to be important what position each mediation party takes. Second, the information acquired by an investigator in the preliminary investigation before holding the mediation is very importantly utilized in the mediation. Third, the gumption of mediators in charge of the mediation is very helpful for the resolution of a case. Fourth, it shall be preceding to understand dispute issues. After reviewing fully the investigation report of an investigator, if separate review is required, it is tried to hold a separate meeting and then reduce the number of issues asserted by the labor & management and, if the number of such issues is reduced, the mediation may approach to be concluded. Fifth, it shall be kept in mind that any matter other than the scope of the law be based on not the judgement of mediator but the legal interpretation. Sixth, it is necessary for both labor and management parties to take a positive approach so as to make the healthy labor & management relationship anchored. Seventh, notwithstanding the mediators are part-time and take a service attitude, it shall be encouraged to abstain from slandering or inveighing against the mediators because the mediation is taken against oneself. Eighth, it is necessary to convert the management's recognition about a labor union. Ninth, it is necessary to not raise any issue on the matters, such as time-off system and multiple labor union, etc., which are legally enforced. Tenth, it is confirmed that the regional labor relations commission plays a bridge role of narrowing down the issue difference between the labor and management.