• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2012

In the state that re-evaluation of calculating optimum amount of incineration in the future is needed, as considering the amount of waste, increase of heat value and change in floating population in each area in city B, the purpose of this research was to predict optimum available capacity in incineration plant and to study alternatives for the amount of disposal in each incineration plant based on the available capacity that was predicted. As a result of predicting the change in population based on progress of population in city B in the past, it is expected that an overall population is decreasing, but in some areas, population is concentrated due to increased apartment complexes, showing similar figures as the present. Moreover, when predicting the amount of waste through forecasting population, it is considered that the amount of waste by decreased population is also decreasing. However, the amount of combustible component among a total amount of waste is expected to increase, so it is predicted that the amount of incineration and combustible component will be reasonable except D incineration plant, Therefore, D incinerating plant showed 72.7% of rate of utilization of incineration facility compared to 59.1% of national rate. However, if shortfall of waste in the future can be used wisely in other areas, the use of renewable energy using burner useless heat can be maximized.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.405-412
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• 2015

Forty schools having natural turf playgrounds were investigated by on-spot investigation and oral interviews with relevant school officials to find out basic information on turfgrass management practices of school playgrounds in Gyeonggi province. Average area of playground was $3,890m^2$ per school and $12m^2$ per student. Ninety five percent of turf playgrounds were managed by school staff and ninety percent of schools spent less than 5 million won per year for turf management. The difficulties in turfgrass management were considered as a major challenge for the schools, followed by turfgrass management cost. Among the management practices, school officials pointed out weed management as the most difficult work, followed by irrigation. The average number of fertilization and mowing was 2 and 6 times per year, respectively. About the half of playgrounds were irrigated only when there was wilting symptom. Zoysiagrass was the most popular choice for the school playgrounds and only three school playgrounds were established with pop-up irrigation system. Fourteen school playgrounds had good turf quality but the rest of school playgrounds had inadequate turf quality requiring minor or full renovation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.699-712
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• 2000

Juam lake is a major water resource for the industrial and agricultural activities as well as the resident life of Kwangju and Chonnam regions. However, the water quality of the lake is getting worse due to a large quantity of pollutant inflowing to the lake. Thus, the strategy for achieving the water quality goal of the lake should be developed as soon as possible. When there are various alternatives that can be used as the strategy, several criteria based on the achievement degree of water quality goal, the applicability of technique and social environment, and the reasonableness of the cost required are made to evaluate and rank the alternatives. However, it is difficult to make a decision when there are multiple criteria and conflicting objectives and specifically the estimated values of criteria contain elements of uncertainty. The uncertainty stems from the lack of available information, the randomness of future situation, and the incomplete knowledge of expert. As the degree of uncertainty is higher, the decision becomes more difficult. In this study, a fuzzy decision-making method is presented to assist decision makers in evaluating various alternatives under uncertainty. The method allows decision makers to characterize the associated uncertainty by applying fuzzy theory and incorporate the uncertainty directly into the decision making process for selecting the "best" alternative so decisions can be made that are more appropriate and realistic than those made without taking uncertainty in account.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.27-36
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• 2015

This study analyzed the characteristics of the entries at the design competition for the Hoehyeon section of Namsan from a perspective of the Historic Urban Landscape and made suggestions from them. Hoehyeon, located at the foot of Namsan, is the most changing site in the park and Seoul City Wall. Recent excavation of the old city walls of the Joseon Era has uncovered evidence of the Japanese occupation period, making it a site where park facilities in modern and contemporary history coexist. The frame analysis has been made by the concept of the Historic Urban Landscape, the methods of approach, specialists' discussion and the guidelines of the competition. The entries were analyzed by classification of the understanding of the spatiality and cultural diversity, the recognition of the periodic layers of time, and the design implementation, the preservation, the park plan, and the future management plan. From a perspective of an Historic Urban Landscape, this study has found that each entry placed priority on the objects for preservation and suggested creative involvement and comprehensive designs for the preservation and the park plan through the understanding of the spatiality and cultural diversity and the reflection of the periodic layers of time in the designs. This study provided two implications. Firstly, there was a possibility for new recognition and the methods of approach for preservation and development. Secondly, the basic plan for the Historic Landscape should be established through research and mapping for the preservation and management of objects in Seoul having valuable historic variability. Further study for resident participation and the process by network from public to private should be taken. This study looks forward to the consideration of the direction for the design plans of places with historic and cultural value.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.6_3
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• pp.1749-1760
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• 2022

In modern society, human and social damages caused by natural disasters and frequent disaster accidents have been increased year by year. Prompt access to dangerous disaster sites that are inaccessible or inaccessible using state-of-the-art Earth observation equipment such as satellites, drones, and survey robots, and timely collection and analysis of meaningful disaster information. It can play an important role in protecting people's property and life throughout the entire disaster management cycle, such as responding to disaster sites and establishing mid-to long-term recovery plans. This special issue introduces the National Disaster Management Research Institute (NDMI)'s disaster management technology that utilizes various Earth observation platforms, such as mobile survey vehicles equipped with close-range disaster site survey sensors, drones, and survey robots, as well as satellite technology, which is a tool of remote earth observation. Major research achievements include detection of damage from water disasters using Google Earth Engine, mid- and long-term time series observation, detection of reservoir water bodies using Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images and artificial intelligence, analysis of resident movement patterns in case of forest fire disasters, and data analysis of disaster safety research. Efficient integrated management and utilization plan research results are summarized. In addition, research results on scientific investigation activities on the causes of disasters using drones and survey robots during the investigation of inaccessible and dangerous disaster sites were described.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-26
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• 2011

Measuring the quality of city life (QCL) is important for city marketing given that QCL influences the city brand image and resident city relationship. Despite its importance, most previous measures of community well being were developed in the context of small towns, and limited attention has been given to a subjective measure of QCL in the context of a large city. This study develops and tests a subjective measure of quality of city life (QCL) in the context of a large metropolitan city. Quality of city life (QCL) refers to the degree of need satisfaction and feelings of happiness one experiences during the course of city life. The results from a survey of 507 residents from 25 major districts in Seoul indicate that the QCL measure has convergent and discriminate validity. The results also indicate that QCL has predictive validity in relation to satisfaction with city services, trust in the city government, word of mouth communication, and a sense of citizen pride. The managerial and policy implications of this study are discussed.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.282-292
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• 1994

Brain perfusion SPECT shows typical regional perfusion abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease(AD) and is useful for its diagnosis. However, there is also arguement that these patterns show significant overlap with other causes, and the accuracy for SPECT in differentiating AD has shown conflicting results. We postulate that the variation in re-ported results are partly due to a difference in patient or control selection with special reference to the mixture of ischemic cerebral disease in the studied population. To deter-mine the effect of ischemic lesions and the nature of control subjects on SPECT studies for AD, we performed $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in 11 probable AD patients with a low (<4) Hachinski ischemic score and 12 non-demented age matched controls. Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) disclosed ischemic cerebral lesions in 27% (3/11) of the PAD group and 25% (3/12) of the control group. Regional perfusion indices were quantitated from the SPECT images as follows and the distribution of perfusion indices from both groups were compared. This was repeated with controls after excluding those with significant ischemic lesions by MRI : regional perfusion index = average regional count/average cerebellar count All PAD patients showed perfusion abnormality in SPECT. However, 53% (10/12) of controls also showed perfusion at-normalities, and no pattern could reliably differentiate the two groups. After excluding controls with significant cerebral ischemia, the difference in temporal and parietal perfusion index was increased. A decreased tempore-parietal and any parietal or temporal per-fusion index had a sensitivity of 18% and 36% in detecting AD, respectively. When using a separate group of normal age mathced controls, the indices showed an even more difference in the temporal and parietal lobes and the sensitivity of a decreased tempore-parietal and any parietal or temporal perfusion index had a sensitivity of 36% and 55% in detecting AD, respectively. Thus, the type of control with special reference to the pres-once of ischemic cerebral lesions contribute significantly to the accuracy of perfusion SPECT in diagnosing AD. This nay have particular importance in the diagnosis of AD in populations where the prevalance of cerebrovascular disease is high.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.246-256
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• 1983

As epidemiological parameters of human paragonimiasis, the positive rates of intradermal test and the sputum/stool ekaminations have long been employed in population surveys. However, both the specificity of the intradermal test and the sensitivity of sputumjstool examination have been gradually declined as the endemicity was lowered; thus the gap between above two parameters widened. In such context, the development of a new epidemiologic parameter or tool which makes it possible to accurately discriminate the active paragonimiasis cases was necessary. In the present study, the detection rate of Paragonimus-speclac IgG antibody by micro-ELISA was evaluated as an indicator of epidemiologic status of human paragonimiasis in a population. A total of 4, 285 students and inhabitants living in Bukpyeong Myeon and Bukil Myeon, Haenam Gun, Jeonlanam Do was surveyed in October, 1983 by intradermal test first. Out of them, 244 cases (5.7%) were found positively reacted to VBS antigen of F. westermani. Out of 168 positive reactors, 7 cases (4.2%) were egg positive either by two times of sputum examination or by one stool examination. That indicated that only 0. 16% of total surveyed were confirmed as active paragonimiasis by egg detection. When sera collected from 239 positive reactors of Intradermal test were tested by micro-ELISA for their specific IgG antibody, 40 cases(16.7%) were found to be positive. All of 7 egg positive cases were again positive for specific IgG antibody. Among remaining 232 intradermal test positive cases, 33 cases were positive for IgG antibody. In contrast to those, none of 42 positive reactors to intradermal test for Cloncrchis and of 128 intradermal test negative cases showed positive for Paragcnimus-specIfic IgG antibody. The rate of specific IgG antibody as detected by micro-ELISA appeared to be increased with the wheal size of the intradermal test. When the wheal sixte was over 13mm in diameter, about 50% of them were positive for specific IgG antibody. Thirty-one specific antibody positive cases were clinically evaluated by laboratory examinations (repeated sputum examination, peripheral eosinophil count and chest roentgenogram) and by history taking. Out of them 24 cases were associated with one or more positive laboratory findings: thus considered as active paragonimiasis cases. Out of 7 lab. finding-free cases 3 revealed past history of typical paragonimiasis symptoms, suggesting that they were in chronic or in convalescent stages. The remaining 4 cases were considered as either mild or ectopic infection cases; the possibility of cross-reaction with other helminthiases could not be ruled out. From the above results, it was inferred that the detection of Paragonimus-specIfic IgG antibody by micro-ELISA was very much helpful in detecting the active cases as well as in proper evaluation of the endemicity of human paragonimiasis in a population. The convenience of mass haildling of sera in micro-ELISA was considered another superiority as an epidemiologic tool.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.414-431
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• 2016

There are numerous closed and abandoned mines in Korea, from which diverse heavy metals (e.g., As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) are released into the surrounding soil, groundwater, surface water, and crops, potentially resulting in detrimental effects on the health of nearby residents. Therefore, we performed human risk assessments of two abandoned metal mines, Yanggok (YG) and Samsanjeil (SJ). The exposure parameters used in this assessment were specific to residents near mines and the included exposure pathways were relevant to areas around metal mines. The computed total excess carcinogenic risks for both areas exceeded the acceptable carcinogenic risk ($1{\times}10^{-6}$), indicating that these areas are likely unsafe due to a carcinogenic hazard. In contrast, the non-carcinogenic risks of the two areas differed among the studied receptors. The hazard indices were higher than the unit risk (=1.0) for male and female adults in YG and male adults in SJ, suggesting that there are non-carcinogenic risks for these groups in the study areas. However, the hazard indices for children in YG and female adults and children in SJ were lower than the unit risk. Consumption of groundwater and crops grown in the area were identified as major exposure pathways for carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic hazards in both areas. Finally, the dominant metals contributing to carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks were As and As, Cu, and Pb, respectively. In addition, the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of YG were evaluated to be 10 and 4 times higher than those of SJ, respectively, resulted from the relatively higher exposure concentration of As in groundwater within SJ area. Because of lacking of several exposure parameters, some of average daily dose (ADD) could not be computed in this study. Furthermore, it is likely that the ADDs of crop-intake pathway included some errors because they were calculated using soil exposure concentrations and bioconcentration factor (BCF) rather than using crop exposure concentrations.

• Water for future
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.163-174
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• 1985

This study aims at the development of a technique for the optimal water allocation by applying Dynamic Programming Model for the effective usage and rational allocation of water resources, in case of which limited water resources in river basin should be used in several stages. In analytical procedure the possible allocable area was firstly zoned into the four areas: Pohang area ($C_1$), Yeungcheon area ($C_2$), Gyeungsan area ($C_3$), Daegu area ($C_4$), which are located between the Yeongcheon dam and the confluence of the lower Kumho river and the main course of the Nakdong river. Secondly, a return function was determined on the basis of the correlation between the GRP in each area and the amount of water used to it. A DP Model, finally, was applied to the allocation of the water resources according to both their usage and the areas. As a result, the fact has been found that when allocating by the area, $C_1$ could be possibly supplied only with the water resources avaiable from the Yeungchon dam, and the maximum units supplied to $C_1$ should be 240 units ($1unit=10^3㎥$ per day), beyond which we ought to develop an alternative water resources. Also, the return from the allocation by the usage exceeded the one from it by the area. At the same time it was more profitable to limit the water supply to $C_1$ into 217 units. In the allocation by the area 240 units and 80 units, if only the water resources available from the Yeungcheon dam used, and 360 units and 80 units if the Doil dam used additionally, could be supplied to $C_1$ and the lower region respectively. In the allocation by the usage 103 units for industrial water with 33 units for both domestic and commercial water and 183 units, if only the water resources available from the Yeungcheon dam used, and 103 units with 33 units and 304 units, if the Doil dam taken into consideration additionally, could be supplied to $C_1$ and the lower region respectively. Therefore, much more water could be allocated to the region of lower Kumho river if the method of water allocation by the usage.