• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.37-47
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• 2013

This study investigates regional financial markets and proposes some policy measures for boosting up the regional financial system. Financial supports for start-ups, small and medium sized enterprises(SMEs) in early stage growth have been constrained due to expanded financial gaps among regions during financial restructuring period. The bank consolidation through M&A is associated with widening financial gaps between Seoul area and others, and between regions where regional banks survives or not. Loans to small firms are associated with relationship lending techniques that may be better supported by smaller regional banks. The loan rate to SMEs in locals where regional banks are activated has tended to be 10%point higher than the locals where regional banks closed, and also drive the greater contribution for preventing local capital outflow and promoting local capital investment by local penetrating strategy. Government should develop regional financial policies to boost up regional financial system, and expand the business area of regional financial institutions for supporting start-ups and SMEs.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.321-355
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• 1993

This paper focuses on the geographical pattern of financial activities in the Korean urban system during 1975-1990, based on the assumption that financial activities can reveal control points in Korea's urban economy. In terms of spatial evolution of financial insitutions, different locational characteristics are revealed among different types of financial institutions, implying the role of urban hierarchy. Financial resources are highly concentrated in the capital region, Seoul and Kyonggi Province. Both centralization trends into the large metropolitan cities and relative declines of medium and small cities within the Korean urban system, have been experienced over the study period. Financial activities sustain relatively stable hierarchical structure in the urban hierarchy. Regarding the financial flows, dominant flow zones centered on major metropolitan cities are identified, clearly showing a prominant role of Seoul in financial flows in the entire urban system.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.10-19
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• 2016

In this paper, I evaluate national and regional policies for financial centers and Busan Fiancial Center and find the way of the future development of Busan Financial Center. And I found that national policies for financial centers was focused on general improvements of financial industry, so a little tasks for Busan Financial Centers were listed. Therefore I suggest that central government should have more national policies for enhancing Busan Financial Center and promoting participation of private financial firms. And I propose the broader incentive schemes for financial firms moving to Busan, and expect that combining national deregulation policies like Regulation-Free Zone and Regulatory Sandbox and Moonhyun-North Port financial free zone and FinTech cluster plans of Busan will make a big progress of Busan Financial Center.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.199-207
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• 2024

In this paper, we propose the mechanism of China's green financial policy on renewable energy industry development implemented in different pilot zones. By utilizing the synthetic control method, this paper examines the differences in the effect of green financial policy before and after its implementation. The results demonstrate that green financial policy can significantly reduce traditional energy consumption while promote the renewable energy industry development simultaneously. Furthermore, the effects across different regions reveal that the impacts of green financial policy are pronounced in selected pilot zones, with Shanghai and Chongqing standing out the most while Gansu province performs the worst. The analysis also figure out that green financial policy stimulates the expansion of regional financing scales, resource endowment, and technological innovation as well.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.580-599
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• 2008

This paper aims at examining the existence and characteristics of regional difference in project finance in Korea. Main results of this paper are as follow. Firstly, regional difference in project finance between capital region and local can be seen partially. However, their characteristics are different from corporate finance. ANOVA tests show significant differences of excess interest rate occur in case of commercial real estate projects and significant differences of contracted terms occur in case of residential real estate projects carried out by local banks. Secondly, key factors causing the regional differences in project finance are asymmetric information for cash flow generated by the project between the capital region and local. Especially, regional differences in project finance are different from those in corporate financing because of local banks$^{\circ}{\phi}$ behaviors. They follow and act as the passive members of nationwide banks in case of the capital region projects. Thirdly, prepaid sale system and the guarantee system depending on construction companies dilute the regional differences in project finance in case of residential real estate projects. Although these systems contributed rapid growth of project finance, they may be the main factors distorting project finance market which lead to financial crisis. In these context, policy implications may be derived in order to solve the confronted problems of project finance market.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.105-125
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• 2016

The expansionary monetary policy was practiced after 2001 in Japan to treat the deflation spiral, and reduced only the nominal interest rates and domestic household demand. One of the most serious factors for this failure was the change of private sector's expectancy. This paper has studied the effect of Japanese monetary policy in 21c., with empirical research based on a renewed macroeconomic model and the VAR. The empirical analysis shows that the effect of monetary policy on the national income during 2001.01-2015.03 is weaker than that of 1985.01-1994.04. Money volume has a diminutive effect on the growth of GDP within a short term after 2001. The change in the expectations of the private sectors might have been the cause of ineffectiveness of the expansive monetary policy. Economic agents learned from the past Japanese financial crisis that an expansive monetary policy increased the inflation rate and caused the 'bubbles to burst' afterwards. The VAR analysis says that the effectiveness of monetary policy on the economic depression declined over the past 20 years and the expansion of money volume has no influence on exchange rate and net export. This means that the expansive monetary policy lost its effect on net export and national income steadily. Monetary policy makers have to recognize this fact, and to consider another anti-cycle political instrument, i.e. the fiscal policy with government debt.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.115-132
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• 2011

This paper examines the factors affecting financial exclusion, and proposes the strategies for enhancing the role of credit unions as financing source for small business startups. Credit cooperative institutions have played an important role in assisting people and communities who suffer from social and financial exclusion such as small business owners. But many of them have closed and lost their operational grounds by financial restructuring. Accordingly people with low credit scores have faced with increased financial constraints and the government has proposed various measures to assist them. Credit unions should develop strategies more actively to ease their financial constraints, expand and reinforce the operational grounds through relationship banking, enhance competitiveness by community based specialization strategies and developing models.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.511-522
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• 2005

This paper aims at analyzing the current status, characteristics and problems of housing development project finance firstly, and secondly, examining the policy measures in order to enhancing the housing development project finance systems. The main results of this paper are as follows. Project finances are very activated in the housing development projects, especially, apartment development, since 2001. But most of housing development project finance are not virtual project finance, but conditional corporate finance, because most of project finance didn't uses bankruptcy remote. Therefore, the main policy measures in order to activate effective growth of project finance are, first, institutionalizing of project finance, second, enhancing the feasibility study capabilities of finance companies, third, using the real estate funds effectively, and forth, networking housing development project finances with long-term mortgage finances.

• Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.51-68
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper is to review China's perception on the U.S. power after the global financial crisis. Although economic power of U.S. was declined by the global financial crisis, U.S. hegemony in the international order still maintains. Gap of national power between U.S. and China may be narrow because of decline of U.S. economic power. It can be predicted China will push a policy that secures an initiative of reform in the global monetary system and is going to take a more cooperative policy without U.S. hegemony power harming China's core interests.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.138-160
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• 2009

The urban housing market in Korea, especially in Seoul and the Capital region, has been revitalized with massive urban (re)developments and expanding real estate finance after the IMF crisis. This brought about a boom of housing price during the mid-2000s, which has been virtually stabilized by strong regulation policies of the previous government. But with impacts of the recent international financial crisis together with some inherent problems, the housing market of Korea faces with a worry of collapse in relation with the financial market volatility and the serious depression of real economy, and hence the current government attempts to implement strong deregulation policies on the housing market. In this paper it is argued that this kind of volatility of urban housing market seems to be caused by strategies of capital which involve continuous massive urban (re)development, residential segregation and appropriation of monopoly rent(or capital gain), and fictitious capitalization of real estates and integration of real estate market and financial market. In these reasons, the current tendency of urban housing price shows a slow downward, which seems to give the current neoliberal government a rationale for deregulation policies to prevent the downward tendency. But this paper suggests that such a slow downward of housing price shift would have positive effects on the housing market in particular and social and economic situations in general, and hence an alternative housing policy is required to realize such positive effects.