• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.112-118
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• 2002

Sporulation in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe has been regarded as an important model of cellular development and differentiation. S. pombe cells proliferate by mitosis and binary fission on growth medium. Deprivation of nutrients especially nitrogen sources, causes the cessation of mitosis and initiates sexual reproduction by matting between two sexually compatible cell types. Meiosis is then followed in a diploid cell in the absence of nitrogen source. DNA fragment complemented with the mutations of sporulation gene was isolated from the S. pombe gene library constructed in the vector, pDB 248' and designated as pDB(spo5)1. We futher analyzed six recombinant plasmids, pDB(spo5)2, pDB(spo5)3, pDB(spo5)4, pDB(spo5)5, pDB (spo5)6, pDB(spo5)7 and found each of these plasmids is able to rescue the spo5-2, spo5-3, spo5-4, spo5-5, spo5-6, spo5-7 mutations, respectively. Mapping of the integrated plasmid into the homologous site of the S. pombe chromosomes demonstrated that pDB(spo5)1, and pDB(spu5)Rl contained the spo5 gene. Transcripts of spo5 gene were analyzed by Northern hybridization. Two transcripts of 3.2 kb and 2.5kb were detected with 5kb Hind Ⅲ fragment containing a part of the spo5 gene as a probe. The small mRNA(2.5kb) appeared only when a wild-type strain was cultured in the absence of nitrogen source in which condition the large mRNA (3.2kb) was produced constitutively. Appearance of a 2.5kb spo5-mRNA depends upon the function of the meil, mei2 and mei3 genes.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.178-185
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• 2005

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of children with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia(JMML) treated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT). Methods : Eleven JMML patients aged 8-39 months underwent allo-HSCT. The sources of grafts were unrelated donors(n=7), HLA-matched siblings(n=3) and an HLA 1-antigen mismatched familial donor. All patients had received chemotherapy ${\pm}13$-cis-retinoic acid(CRA) before transplant, and CRA was used, posttransplant, in six patients. Results : Only three patients were in complete remission(CR) at the time of transplantation. Initial chimeric status revealed complete donor chimerism(CC) in five patients, mixed chimerism(MC) in five and autologous recovery(AR) in one. One patient with MC having persistent splenomegaly eventually turned to CC and CR after rapid tapering of cyclosporine, combined with daily use of CRA. An AR case relapsed shortly after transplant but was rescued with second, unrelated cord blood transplantation. Ultimately, six patients are alive, event-free, with a median follow-up of 15.5 months posttransplant. All three deaths occurred in patients who failed to achieve CC, leading to disease progression. Conclusion : We suggest that graft-versus-leukemia effect play an important role and CRA a possible role in posttransplant leukemic involution in JMML. In patients whose leukemic burden is still high with MC after transplant, early tapering of immunosuppressants and introduction of CRA might provide a chance of a cure for some patients.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.367-379
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• 1994

This paper describes scheduling algorithms of the UNIX operating system and shows an analytical approach to approximate the average conditional response time for a process in the UNIX operating system. The average conditional response time is the average time between the submittal of a process requiring a certain amount of the CPU time and the completion of the process. The process scheduling algorithms in thr UNIX system are based on the priority service disciplines. That is, the behavior of a process is governed by the UNIX process schuduling algorithms that (ⅰ) the time-shared computer usage is obtained by allotting each request a quantum until it completes its required CPU time, (ⅱ) the nonpreemptive switching in system mode and the preemptive switching in user mode are applied to determine the quantum, (ⅲ) the first-come-first-serve discipline is applied within the same priority level, and (ⅳ) after completing an allotted quantum the process is placed at the end of either the runnable queue corresponding to its priority or the disk queue where it sleeps. These process scheduling algorithms create the round-robin effect in user mode. Using the round-robin effect and the preemptive switching, we approximate a process delay in user mode. Using the nonpreemptive switching, we approximate a process delay in system mode. We also consider a process delay due to the disk input and output operations. The average conditional response time is then obtained by approximating the total process delay. The results show an excellent response time for the processes requiring system time at the expense of the processes requiring user time.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.73-79
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• 2002

The method to optimize the microbial production of ethanol from CO using Clostridium ljungdahlii was developed. The kinetic parameter study on CO conversion with Clostridium ljungdahlii was carried out and maximum CO conversion rate of 37.14 mmol/L-hr-O.D. and $K_{m}$ / of 0.9516 atm were obtained. It was observed that method of two stage fermentation, which consists of cell growth stage and ethanol production stage, was effective to produce ethanol. When pH was shifted from 5.5 to 4.5 and ammonium solution was supplied to culture media as nitrogen source at ethanol production stage, the concentration of ethanol produced was increased 20 times higher than that without shift. Ethanol production from CO in a fermenter with Clostridium ljungdahlii was optimized and the concentration of ethanol produced was 45 g/L and maximun ethanol productivity was 0.75 g ethanol/L-hr.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.559-592
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• 2012

In spite of the transitional changes in the shoe industry in Busan area, regular academic studies on the management plan to improve the practical competitiveness of footwear industry focused in the materials, bio-dynamics, components, and designs, etc. in the engineering viewpoint are very rare. Many reports of policies were published from late 190's to 2000's but they were limited to the identification of practical situations and the measures for strategic alternatives and were not developed to be the academic studies to improve the competitiveness in terms of management control. It is intended to seek for the measures to be reviewed as the alternatives to improve the self-competitiveness of footwear companies by approaching the problems limited to such specific area in the viewpoint of management control. The core of this study is to provide the alternative plans for expansion of the industrial foundation by seeking for the measures to improve competitiveness with application of knowledge management as an alternative for improvement of not transient but sustainable industrial competitiveness, in order to help the export of shoes from Busan area which has been rapidly increased since the Korea-USA FTA and Korea-EU FTA. In such viewpoint, in the study, a questionnaire survey was performed related with the issues of Busan's footwear industry and the plan to implement knowledge management was discussed for improvement of the competitiveness of footwear industry based on the result of such questionnaire survey. As most of studies and directions have been focused in functional shoes, designs, materials, and components, etc., which are related with the properties of human dynamics, as the alternatives for improvement of the footwear industry of Busan area and did not suggest the measures to make basic changes in the management of companies, the implementation of knowledge management was emphasized in order to seek for the direction of such plan. The purpose of this study is to suggest an alternative for construction of industrial eco-system for high added value by seeking for the probability of knowledge management for conversion of footwear industry into knowledge industry. In order to accomplish the effect of increased export as the result of FTA, current management method of footwear companies is limited and the effect of FTA should be maximized by improving the competitiveness with implementation of knowledge management methods. Settlement of such knowledge management will act as the momentum to improve the competitiveness of footwear companies and, in a long-term viewpoint, will be able to maximize the improvement of knowledge industry and creation of job opportunities.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.367-377
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• 2011

This paper investigates the determination factors' variation of real estate price after sub-prime financial crisis, in korea, using a VAR model. The model includes land price, housing price, housing rent (Jensei) price, which time period is from 2000:1Q to 2011:2Q and uses interest rate, real GDP, consumer price index, KOSPI, the number of housing construction, the amount of land sales and practices to impulse response and variance decomposition analysis. Data cover two sub-periods and divided by 2008:3Q that occurred the sub-prime crisis; one is a period of 2000:1Q to 2008:3Q, the other is based a period of 2000:1Q to 2011:2Q. As a result, Comparing sub-prime crisis before and after, land price come out that the influence of real GDP is expanding, but current interest rate's variation is weaken due to the stagnation of current economic status and housing construction market. Housing price is few influenced to interest rate and real GDP, but it is influenced its own variation or Jensei price's variation. According to the Jensei price's rapidly increasing in nowadays, housing price might be increasing a rising possibility. Jensei price is also weaken the influence of all economic index, housing price, comparing before sub-prime financial crisis and it is influenced its own variation the same housing price. As you know, real estate price is weakened market basic value factors such as, interest rate, real GDP, because it is influenced exogenous economic factors such as population structural changes. Economic participators, economic officials, consumer, construction supplyers need to access an accurate observation about current real estate market and economic status.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.115-124
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• 2020

Sustainable plastics can be mainly categorized into (1) biodegradable plastics decomposed into water and carbon dioxide after use, and (2) biomass-derived plastics possessing the carbon neutrality by utilizing raw materials converted from atmospheric carbon dioxide to biomass. Recently, biomass-derived engineering plastics (EP) and natural nanofiber-reinforced nanocomposites are emerging as a new direction of the industry. In addition to the eco-friendliness of natural resources, these materials are competitive over petroleum-based plastics in the high value-added plastics market. Polyesters and polycarbonates synthesized from isosorbide and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, which are representative biomass-derived monomers, are at the forefront of industrialization due to their higher transparency, mechanical properties, thermal stability, and gas barrier properties. Moreover, isosorbide has potential to be applied to super EP material with continuous service temperature over 150 ℃. In situ polymerization utilizing surface hydrophilicity and multi-functionality of natural nanofibers such as nanocellulose and nanochitin achieves remarkable improvements of mechanical properties with the minimal dose of nanofillers. Biomass-derived tough-plastics covered in this review are expected to replace petroleum-based plastics by satisfying the carbon neutrality required by the environment, the high functionality by the consumer, and the accessibility by the industry.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.11-26
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• 2021

With the increasing demand for office space, there have been questions on how office rent distribution produces a change in the urban spatial structure in Seoul. The purpose of this paper is to investigate a relative price gradient and to present a time-series model that can quantitatively explain the dynamic changes in the urban spatial structure. The analysis was dealt with office rent above 3,306 m² for the past 10 years from 1Q 2010 to 4Q 2019 within Seoul. A modified repeat sales model was employed. The main findings are briefly summarized as follows. First, according to the estimates of the office price gradient in the three major urban centers of Seoul, the CBD remained at a certain level with little change, while those in the GBD and the YBD continued to increase. This result reveals that the urban form of Seoul has shifted from monocentric to polycentric. This shows that the spatial distribution of companies has gradually accelerated decentralized concentration implying that the business networks have become significant. Second, contrary to small and medium-sized office buildings that have undertaken no change in the gradient, large office buildings have seen an increase in the gradient. The relative price gradients in small and medium-sized buildings were inversely proportional among the CBD, the GBD, and the YBD, implying their heterogeneous submarkets by office rent movements. Presumably, those differences in the submarkets were attributed to investment attraction, industrial competition, and the credit and preference of tenants. The findings are consistent with the hierarchical system identified in the Seoul 2030 Plan as well as the literature about Seoul's urban form. This research claims that the proposed method, based on the modified repeat sales model, is useful in understanding temporal dynamic changes. Moreover, the findings can provide implications for urban growth strategies under rapidly changing market conditions.

• Journal of Korean Classical Literature and Education
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• no.39
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• pp.137-180
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• 2018

This article examines the constitutional characteristics of the works in the "Shinbi Apartment" (Mysterious Apartment) series produced by Tooniverse, a domestic animation channel, and considers the meaning of the contents of the ghoststory (鬼神談). The "Shinbi Apartment" series is a horror animation for children. It was produced for the first time in Korea and recorded high ratings. Additionally, it is different from Japanese horror animations that were dubbed and broadcast in Korea in terms of composition and narrative direction, and it succeeds in the form and direction of the traditional Korean ghost story. "Shinbi Apartment - The Secret of Ghost Ball" enriches narrative stories by embracing the structure of the "female ghost story" in traditional ghost stories while following the form of ghosts that suddenly pop up in the daily routines of contemporary ghost stories. The ghost's shape, which has a bizarre and unpredictable aspect, embodies the ghost as the object of fear that modern horror stories intend. However, it does not stop there, but puts the attention on the hero who focuses on the emerging ghost and listens and communicates with it, placing the emphasis of the story on communication, understanding, forgiveness, and reconciliation. The structure and contents of the unique story of "The Secret of Ghost Ball" contribute to the transformation of the ghost into a subject of friendliness and entertainment, not merely as one of shock, fear, and anxiety. Additionally, as the concept of "child" is being created, the custom of modernity, which deals with the story of ghosts in the dimension of teaching and edification, is also manifested in "The Secret of Ghost Ball." In other words, through the figure of the devil, it is to continue the lesson of the story by revealing the adventure, the courage necessary for the "child," and the boundaries for substance and appearance. The "Shinbi Apartment" series has also contributed to the success of ghosts as commercial contents. The structure of the story and its characters have been actively used as educational tools and toys for children. It can be said that ghost culture contributed to this popularization by establishing a base for enjoying ghosts for amusement and entertainment.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.95-129
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• 2017

This study surveys and reviews political change, economic performance, and regional cooperation that were carried out in 2016 by Southeast Asian countries and ASEAN. This paper reports that what has followed the inauguration of new governments in Myanmar, the Philippines, Vietnam, and Laos fails to live up to the expectation and optimism that arose in the aftermath of elections and party congresses that took place in the first half of the year. In other countries such as Malaysia, Thailand, and Cambodia, where authoritarian regimes are faced with strong oppositions, the prospects for democratic change worsened to a substantial degree, as schisms and internal strives complicated the opposition camp as a result of instigation and intervention by the authoritarian leaders and their followers. In stable political systems, both democratic and authoritarian, no significant changes that may entail serious political implications were noticed. In 2016, the national economy of almost each and every country continued its slow but steady recovery that had started in 2014 and grew by 5% on the average. For 2017 onward, however, the earlier optimism that it would grow at least as fast dimmed down as uncertainty about the world economy looms larger due to the unexpected win by Donald Trump as U.S. president and the expected 'hard landing' of the Chinese economy around 2018. ASEAN declared the launch of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) only one day before the New Year, but its track record looked already bad and unpromising by the end of 2016. ASEAN leaders were tied up by their domestic politics and affairs too tightly to take time off to work seriously to observe the schedule as laid out in the AEC Blueprint 2025. Korea's relationship with Southeast Asian countries and ASEAN was "as good as it gets" in 2016 as ever but could become subject to tough review in the near future, if the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is found out to have been implicated in the ongoing Choi Sun Sil scandal and if the opposition wins the next presidential election to be held by this year.