• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.225-234
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• 1998

The behavior of the underground opening depends mainly on the magnitude of the initial stress existing before excavation and on the stress redistribution due to the excavation. In the case of elasto-plastic materials such as rock mass, as the structural behavior of surrounded opening due to excavation depends on the stress path, methods and sequence of excavation have influences on the results of numerical analysis. Therefore, in order to design underground openings with large cross-section such as underground nuclear power plants, radioactive waste disposal cavems, oil storage caverns, and so on more reasonably it is desirable to consider the effect of the excavation sequence in the analysis. In this paper, the underground structure is analyzed using the finite element method and the distinct element methods with a view to review the the effect of the excavation sequence. Based on the results of the analysis the followings are discussed : influence of excavation shape and sequence, effect of structural reinforcements, influence of multi caverns.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.300-311
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• 2008

In this study, scaled model tests were performed to investigate the stability of three parallel tunnels. Seven types of test models which had respectively different pillar widths, tunnel sectional shapes, support conditions and ground conditions were experimented, where crack initiating pressures and deformation behaviors around tunnels were investigated. In order to evaluate the effect of pillar widths on stability, various models were experimented. As results, the models with shallower pillar widths proved to be unstable because of lower crack initiating pressures and more tunnel convergences than the models with thicker pillar widths. In order to find the effect of tunnel sectional shape on stability, the models with arched, semi-arched and rectangular tunnels were experimented. Among them rectangular tunnel model was the most unstable, where the arched tunnel model with small radius of roof curvature was more stable than semi-arched one. The model with rockbolt showed higher crack initiating pressure and less roof lowering than the unsupported model. The deformation behaviors of tunnels in the anisotropic ground model were quite different from those in the isotropic ground model. Futhermore, the results of FLAC analysis were qualitatively coincident with the experimental results.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.107-117
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• 2008

In this study, the failure and deformation characteristics of steel fiber reinforced shotcrete (SFRS) which is a primary tunnel support was investigated to find out ground-support mutual behavior. To this end, a mock-up of a tunnel was made and experimented with the conditions of lateral earth pressure coefficient 0.5 and 1.0. During the tests, 11 hydraulic cylinders were used for loading. for better simulation of the lateral earth pressure effect, these cylinders were controlled separately by two groups; crown and side wall. Meanwhile, the deformation of shotcrete was measured by 11 LVDTs. Backfill material was also used fur better load transfer from hydraulic cylinders to shotcrete. For the validation of the mock-up test results, 3D numerical analysis is carried out. To do numerical analysis under the same condition as a mock-up test, the load history curve which was obtained during the test was tried to be simulated using an individual FISH routine in the numerical analysis.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.33-47
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• 2015

Concrete lining in tunnel construction is used as secondary support for downward loads when primary support decays. The use of concrete lining varies greatly depending on the intentions of engineer and/or client. An engineer uses much smaller deformation modulus which determines the concrete lining thickness than of a pattern 3, when supporting patterns 4 and 5 are used in a weathered rock and soil. Considering these conditions, this study intends to suggest optimal construction procedures through a back analysis using a computer program(MIDAS-civil). Cases of Seoul Subway System line${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ zone${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ were selected to be examined for this study. The results show that it is possible to reduce the thickness of concrete lining. When results from this study were applied to Seoul Metropolitan subway construction projects, it is expected to bring economic benefits.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.325-337
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• 2021

On the road and rail tunnels, the evacuation pathway and facilities such as smoke-control and fire suppression system are essential in tunnel fire. In the long twin tunnels, the cross-connection tunnel is usually designed to evacuate from the tunnel where the fire broke out to the other tunnel. In twin shield tunnels, the segment lining has to be demolished to construct the cross-connection tunnel. Considering the modern shield TBM is mostly the closed chamber type, the exposure of underground soil induced by removal of steel segment lining is the most danger construction step in the shield tunnel construction. This case study introduces the excavation method using the thrust of large steel pipe and reviews the measured data after the construction. The large steel pipe thrust method for the cross-connection tunnel can stabilize the excavated face with the two mechanisms. Firstly, the soil in front of excavated face is cylindrically pre-supported by the large steel pipe. Secondly, the excavated face is supported by the plugging effect caused by the soil pressed into the steel pipe. It was reviewed that the large steel pipe thrust method in the cross-connection tunnel is enough to secure the construct ability and stability in soil from the measurement results about the deformation and stress of steel pipe.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Rock Mechanics Conference
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• 2001.03a
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• pp.118-131
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• 2001

우리 나라의 양수발전소는 지금까지 단일공동을 굴착하였다. 그러나 양양 양수발전소는 두 개의 대공동 즉, 발전소와 주 변전소로 구성된다. 이 경우 공동 구조물의 안정성, 특히 두 공동사이에 형성되는 암주를 영구적으로 안전하게 유지 할 수 있도록 보장되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 개별요소법을 이용하여 두 공동과 암주의 구조적 안정성을 평가하였으며, 구성모델로 Barton-Bandis의 절리모델을 이용하였다. 현지 암반의 초기응력, 자연절리면의 거칠기계수 불연속면의 공간적 분포 특성과 같은 중요한 요인들은 현지 조사를 통하여 구하였다. 이외에 두 가지 경우 즉, 무보강과 보강의 경우 지보시스템의 최적화를 분석하였으며, 또한 보강효과를 검토하였다. 연구결과 보강의 경우 수평변위와 절리의 전단변위가 감소되었으며 암주내 이완영역 역시 감소됨을 확인하였다. 두 공동사이에 있는 약 36m 두께의 암주에 적절한 보강조치를 취하여 안정성을 확보할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.103-112
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• 1992

The calculation method which takes into account the shear lag effects on the ultimate transverse bending moment of a SWATH(Small Waterplane Area Twin Hull) ship has been developed. In case of the ultimate bending strength analysis of conventional monohull ships and general box girder structures, the hypothesis that plane section remains plane after bending can be employed but not in the case of the structures having wide flange. For the ultimate bending strength analysis of such structures, a new method which can take into account the effect of shear lag on the ultimate bending strength has been developed by adopting more reasonable assumption that warping distortion of the section takes place inthe same way as the actual stress distribution. Finally, the proposed method has been applied to a a SWATH cross deck structure.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.457-458
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• 2000

Pefloxacine(PFX)은 기존 quinolone계 항균제의 단점을 보완한 fluoroquinolone계열의 합성 항균제로서 그람양성균과 그람음성균에 대해서도 살균효과가 뛰어날 뿐 아니라 내성균 출현 가능성이 비교적 낮은 장점이 있는 항균제로 보고되고 있다. 이러한 약리학적 특성 때문에 우리 나라에서도 양식어류 세균성 질병 치료제로 최근 사용량이 증가하고 있으나 현재까지도 어류를 대상으로 한 체내잔류 PFX의 정량분석방범과 PFX의 흡수, 분포, 해설 등 실제 약제 사용방법 설정에 필수적인 임상동태에 관해서는 연구가 되어 있지 않은 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 양식어류에 대한 PFX의 효과적인 사용방법을 확립하기 위하여 고속액체크로마토그라피(HPLC)를 사용하여 실험조건의 특이성 등을 검토하여 어체내 잔류 PFX의 최적 분석조건을 설정하였다. 그리고 주요 양식어류를 대상으로 PFX를 경구 투여한 후 시간경과에 따라 혈액을 채취하여 혈종에서의 약물동태학적 Parameter를 조사하였다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.342-345
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• 2010

본 연구는 인접한 저수지 간의 연계운영을 통한 홍수조절 및 용수공급능력을 제고시키기 위한 저수용량 공유기법 개발의 일환으로 영주댐과 안동댐 및 임하댐의 병렬저수지 시스템을 연구대상으로 하였다. 홍수조절에 의한 병렬저수지의 연계운영기법으로서 병렬저수지 시스템인 영주/안동/임하댐 유역에서 홍수시 영주/임하댐의 저수량을 안동댐으로 전환시켜 영주/임하댐의 홍수조절능력을 제고시키고 안동댐의 저수량을 확보시켜 용수공급능력을 제고시킬 수 있는 방법을 연구하였다. 연구결과, 최적화계수(유량전환비:a)는 영주댐의 경우 1999년 9월 22일 ~ 26일 호우, 태풍 루사 및 태풍 매미일 때 모두 a=1.000, 임하댐의 경우 1999년 9월 22일 ~ 26일 호우, 태풍 루사 및 태풍 매미일 때 각각의 유량전환비는 $a_{1999}$=0.135, $a_{2002}$=0.372 및 $a_{2003}$=0.420으로 산정되었다. 영주댐에서 안동댐으로 그리고 임하댐에서 안동댐으로 전환할 수 있는 유량은 실제 호우적용시 전환유량은 매우 큰 것으로 확인되었다. 그리고 유량전환시 댐하류 안동, 지보, 달지지점에서 홍수 조절효과가 큼을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.137-143
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• 2010

Hot water extracts of 5 herbs were tested in-vitro for anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-parasitical effects for possible use against fish diseases. Skullcap, Scutellaria baicalensis, was the most effective herb in these 5. The effects of skullcap in cultured flounder were examined for various physiological responses and bacterial disease-prevention follow as feeding skullcap absorbed diet for 4, 8, 12weeks. There were not any significant effects in physiological responses, except beneficial action of growth promotion. No definitive preventive activity was observed with experimental feeding of the extract against infected flounder. As we could not confirm in-vivo antibacterial effects of skullcap in flounder despite its in-vitro efficacy, further studies are needed to define the in-vivo efficacy.