• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 1975

Forecasting of emergence period of the pine gall midge (Thecodiplosis japonensis U. et I.) is important for the chemical control of the pest. In order to determine the phenosignal of the emergence period of the pine gall midge, the flowering time of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) at Seoul, Gwangnug, Jounju and Gyungju districts in Korea was investigated. 1. The emergence period of the pine gall midge lasted from end of May until end of June. The emergence of the pine gall midge coincided with the beginning of flowering of black locus at every districts in Korea. 2. The peak of emergence of the pine gall midge lasted from the full blooming period until the end of the flowering period of the black locust. 3. The period of adult emergence of pine gall midge was also found to be associated with the full blooming period of Viburnum sargentii (Caprifeliaceae). Rosa mulliflora (Reseaceae) and Iris ensata (Iridaceae) at Seoul in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.9 no.1 s.17
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• pp.49-57
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• 2001

One of the biggest problems found from the results of the various GIS-related projects which have been fulfilled by many local self-governing bodies is as follows. Many GIS projects have been undertaken without the proper review on National Standards on GIS, the information master plans for the development of the municipalities, and the GIS master plans which should be followed by the former ones with the relatively detailed implementation planning. Because these projects were to be done at most with little considerations of the formerly mentioned materials such as vision, goals, strategies, and the implementation planning, it is quite doubtful that a GIS project could play a proper role as an element in the integrated information system. As an effort to solve this problem, this paper first analyzes the types of the GIS projects done by many municipalities, proposes a recommended procedure for a life cycle of a GIS project and for a GIS master plan based on the information master plan for a municipality.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.226-240
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• 2022

Local governments over a certain size in Republic of Korea may conduct Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) considering regional characteristics if it is necessary, in accordance with Article 42 of the 「Environmental Impact Assessment Act」. However, it was investigated that the number of local government EIA operation in many local governments was less than initial expectations. In order to improve it, the status of ordinances and consultation guidelines which are different for each local government need to be compared, and the institutional issues forthe relevant local governments must be found considering regional characteristics. Furthermore, detailed regulation and guidance on the local government EIA procedure should be included in the consultation guidelines and related information need to be provided. In this study, focusing on the case of Incheon Metropolitan City, the status of local government EIA ordinances in metropolitan cities and provinces with a similar condition was investigated, and the types and scope of target projects were compared and analyzed. In addition, consultation guidelines forIncheon Metropolitan City were written, and improvements on the procedure flow and overall schedule designation derived from the process were presented. In the case of Incheon Metropolitan City, there were no detailed information officially announced regarding the regulations of the local government EIA ordinance and follow-up management, so the administrative system of the local government needed to be reinforced in this field. Meanwhile, considering the status of local environment and geography, some target project types were deemed necessary to be added: port construction projects, water resource development projects, railroad construction projects, and military facilities installation projects. The results of this study will provide useful information to local governments which want to improve their operation effectiveness by reorganizing the local government EIA system and preparing specific guidelines.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2003

The purpose of this experiment was to compare the energy expenditure and the physiological response among two groups by percent body fat(group A: 30-35% body fat, B: 35-40% body fat) to walking and running at several equivalent speeds. Subjects in group A and B followed A group(mean$\pm$SD, age; 24.0$\pm$0.4yrs, body fat; 32.3$\pm$0.7) and B group (age; 25.2$\pm$0.7yrs, body fat; 36.7$\pm$0.9). The walking and running protocol consisted of treadmill speeds for five min at each of the following speeds: 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0 km.$hr^{-1}$. The obtained data reveal in group A, the rate of oxygen consumption and energy expenditure was higher during walking compared to running ate treadmill speeds $\geq$ 6.6km.$hr^{-1}$. In group 5, the rate of oxygen consumption and energy expenditure was higher during walking compared to running ate treadmill speeds $\geq$ 6.8km.$hr^{-1}$. Heart rates and respiratory exchange ratio were higher at treadmill speeds $\geq$5.8 in group A and $\geq$5.5 in group B. these findings demonstrated that a difference of percent body fat in obese women have no large effect on energy efficiency of walking, but walking within speeds 6.5~7.0km/hr resulted in rates of energy expenditure that were as high or higher than jogging at the same speeds even though the relative stress was greater during walking.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.221-244
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• 2011

Many records and documents are produced during the process of functions of local councils such as resolution, monitoring and balancing function, representation for the residents, Such records of local councils have importance in terms of objective basis and standards for local policy building and making. The most essential records among these are those of local councils assembly. The fundamental function of local councils is the assembly of individual members of the council and standing committees. For this, the author firstly reviewed the current management system of local council assembly records focusing on Daejeon Yuseonggu Council and conducted researches and interviews with the officers responsible for record keeping. And finally, the author analyzed such researches and findings. From this analysis, the author discovered the problems in the management of record keeping and suggested the improvement for the systematic management firstly in terms of institutional aspects and secondly in terms of the stages of record keeping and management based on ISO 15489, the international standard for information and documentation, records management.

• 월간 기계설비
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• no.11 s.208
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• pp.41-52
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• 2007

행정자치부가 지난 9월 20일 지방계약법 시행령 개정안을 공포하고 이날부터 시행에 들어갔다. 개정된 시행령은 당초 행자부가 분리발주를 억제하기 위하여 지방계약법 제77조를 개정하여 '공사의 분할 및 분리발주 시에는 행정자치부 장관 등 상급기관에 보고'토록 입법예고 되었으나, 우리협회는 분리발주 활성화를 위하여 '기계설비공사 분리발주 근거 조항인 단서3호는 제외'토록 추진함에 따라 우리 협회의 의견이 반영된 시행령이 개정되었다. 또한 하도급관리계획을 불이행한 원도급업체는 앞으로 부정당업자로 제재받아 입찰참가자격이 최소 1개월에서 최고 6개월 미만까지 제한된다. 이밖에 물가변동과 관련하여 단품슬라이딩제를 도입해 특정자재의 가격이 15% 이상 등락할 경우 계약금액을 조정할 수 있게 했다. 이중 지방계약법 시행령 제 77조 개정 내용의 의의 및 우리 설비건설업과 신.구조문 대비표는 다음과 같다.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.31-44
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• 2003

In the Local Autonomy Law, we regard the fire-fighting service as inherent service for the local government. However, if we look into the course of the charge of fire-fighting service, after the transfer of this from the police service, or the state, to the local service in 1991, this is now taking a firm hold as service of the local government. what we call the local services includes the business about the welfare of the residents and that of taking in charge of the resident properties, proclaimed in the Constitution. That is to say, the basic purpose of the local autonomy is to make the residents feel the most convenient and safe, and this is the mission of the present-day local autonomy. Looking from this point of view, if we consider that the ultimate purpose of fire-fighting is promoting the welfare of the residents by preventing and putting out fires and, in the time of emergency, carrying out rescue and relief operations, and furthermore, maintaining the safety and order of a society, until present time the benefits of fire-fighting business were mainly available to the residents of the cities. In order to break from these thoughts, according to the result of comparing and analyzing the metropolitan city, surrounding rural areas, middle and small cities and typical rural areas, the rural areas are urgently demanding fire-fighting service, so it is being proved that it is necessary to install the offices in these areas. Therefore, the installation of the fire-fighting offices in the counties that are the basic units of the primary local autonomy and are rural areas should be expanded as part of the welfare administration.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.158-164
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• 2021

Hypertriglyceridemia is the main risk factor for atherosclerosis. It is reported that triglyceride (TG) induces macrophage cell death, and is involved in the formation of plaques and development of atherosclerosis. We previously reported that TG-induced cell death of macrophages is mediated via pannexin-1 activation, which increases the extracellular ATP and subsequent increase in potassium efflux, thereby activating the caspase-2/caspase-1/apoptotic caspases, including the caspase-8 pathway. Contrarily, some studies have reported that caspase-8 is an upstream molecule of caspase-1 and caspase-2 in several cellular processes. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate whether caspase-8 influences its upstream molecules in TG-stimulated macrophage cell death. We first confirmed that caspase-8 induces caspase-3 activation and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage in TG-treated macrophages. Next, we determined that the inhibition of caspase-8 results in reduced caspase-1 and -2 activity, which are upstream molecules of caspase-8 in TG-induced cell death of macrophages. We also found that ATP treatment restores the caspase-8 inhibitor-induced caspase-2 activity, thereby implying that caspase-8 affects the upstream molecules responsible for increasing the extracellular ATP levels in TG-induced macrophage cell death. Taken together, these findings indicate that caspase-8 potentiates the TG-induced macrophage cell death by activating its upstream molecules.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.119-133
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• 2003

도로는 교통기능 외에 여러 시설물을 수용할 수 있는 사회 인프라구축의 공간으로 활용될 수 있기 때문에 서울시뿐만 아니라 각 지방자치단체에서는 이러한 공간을 활용하기 위한 도로점용공사는 매년 전국적으로 수만 건에 달하고 있다. 따라서. 매년 발생하는 도로점용공사의 차로과다 점용, 교통시설물 설치 부적절, 보행자 안전무시, 공사안내표지 부적절, 공사구간에서의 불법 주.정차 등의 문제점이 계속하여 발생.지적되고 있으나 이에 따른 관련 규정이 미흡하여 도로점용공사 시행자의 불법을 초래하고 있는 실정이다. 또한 서울시의 경우 시스템적 접근방법인 관련조례에 의해서 수행되기보다는, 교통자문회의로 운영되고 있으며, 관련 인원 및 법적 제재조치가 미약하여 도로점용공사의 효과적인 관리가 어려운 실정이다. 따라서 서울시 및 각 지방자치단체에서는 도로점용공사로 인한 보행자와 운전자의 통행권 확보와 안전상의 문제 등을 하루빨리 인식하여 도로점용공사에 따른 도로공사장 교통관리 규정을 법규화 하여 체계적으로 관리할 필요가 있다. 이에 따라, 본 논문에서는 도로점용공사에 따른 관련법 및 적용대상, 관련보고서 검토, 서울시를 사례로 한 공사중 교통처리방안 운영실태 및 문제점의 진단을 통하여 향후 도로공사장 교통관리 규정의 운영적 및 제도적 측면의 개선방안과 향후 추진방향을 제시하고자 한다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.615-627
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• 2014

In this study, nonhierarchical K-mean cluster analysis is used to classify the types of 230 local governments and the Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis analysis are used to analyze the characteristics of pedestrian accidents by region types. With empirical analysis of pedestrian accidents, this study suggests improvements of walking environments reflecting local characteristics. Type 1-A (relatively dominant urban commercial areas), Type 1-B (predominantly urban residence) and Type 2 (rural areas) have been classified using nonhierarchical K-mean cluster analysis. According to the results, pedestrian accident rate on community roads was more than 60% for all types and incidence rate in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas. In addition, pedestrian accidents of Type 1-B have been found to occur more frequently than Type 2 in intersections and crossings, while the number of roadside casualties for Type 2 was highest.