• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.97-116
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• 2014

When the Yongle Emperor of the Ming Dynasty seized the power as the emperor of China, he issued a royal order to Hokwang and others, to publish a book entitled "Sambudaejeon," in the name of following the death-bed instruction of Taizu. The book was completed no less then 10 months after the order was issued in September 1415(Yongle 13). With the first copy imported from the Ming Dynasty as the original script, Sambudaejeon was engraved on wood by going sharing with 3 provinces including Gyeongsang-do, Jeonlla-do, and Gangwon-do, during the period of 1427~1428(Sejong 9~10). The result of surveying and analysing the distribution of the Ming Dynasty was imported to Chosun, shows that the engraving copy of the original script from the Ming was published more then 18 times in Chosun, among which only 50 types are identified to exist currently. As a result of analyzing these 50 existing types, This status of publication suggests that the books were intensively published and distributed in Gyeonggi and Gyeongsang provinces where the demands for the books were urgent, to meet the needs when the books were rapidly lost during the period of Japanese invasion.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.271-291
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• 1992

This study was conducted to survey the situation of direct rice seeding in Honam province in Korea to investigate problems and seek countermeasure of weed control in direct rice seeding. The total area of direct rice seeding in the south-western part of Korea (Chonbuk, Chonnam, and Chungnam) was 1650.8ha (732.1ha for direct seeding in dry field and 918.7ha for direct seeding in flooding field) in 1992. The followings are summary of the study. 1. In case of direct rice seeding in dry field, butachlor EC and G at 3 to 5 DAS was mostly selected by farmers to control weeds in dry field. Benthiocarb or chlornitrofen was also used in few cases. At 10 to 14 DAS just before rice emergence, tank misture of butachlor EC and paraquat was treated by some farmers. At 35 to 40 days, after flooding mixture of sulfonylurea derivatives was sequentially applied. Surviving weeds including barnyardgrass were finally controlled by mixture of bentazon+quinclorac WP foliage application. 2. In case of direct rice seeding in flooding field, weed control were mostly unsuccessful partially due to wrong selection of herbicide and missing the optimum application time. Three relatively successful weed control in the survey were summarized as follows. 1) Oxadiazon EC, butachlor or benthiocarb were treated just after puddling(5 to 7 days before seeding). then mixture of bentazone+quinclorac WP or sulfonylurea derivatives was sequently applied to control remaining weeds at 20 days after seeding. 2) Mixtures of bensulfuronmethyl+dimepiperate G, pyrazosulfuronethyl+molinate G, or bensulfuronmethyl+mefenacet+dymron G were applied at 11 days after puddling when barnyardgrass were at 2.0 leaf stage. Phytotoxicity was not found in case of mixture of bensulfuronmethyl+dimepiperate G but found in the other two cases but disappeared later. 3) Mixtures of bensulfuronmethyl+quinclorac G., pyrazosulfuronethyl+quinclorac G or betazone and quinclorac G were treated after 18 to 20 days after puddling when barnyardgrass was within 3.0 leaf stage. It showed good weed control in both annuals and perrenials without phytotoxicity. On the contrary, other sulfonylurea derivatives such as middle periodic herbicide showed poor weed control against barnyardgrass, so that sequential treatment of bentazone+quinclorac WP mixture was required. 3. Herbicidal characteristics and optimum application time of 45 rigistered herbicides in Korea were analyzed to discover new substitute for quinclorac mixture, that showed excellent weed control against barnyardgrass at its 3 leaf stage or older. The analysis revealed that 70% of herbicides were for preemergence and the others were post periodic herbicide. Most farmers favor to apply herbicide when rice seedlings completely rooted, at this time barnyardgrass are at 2.5-3.0 leaf stage. Therefore herbicide of which optimum application time had long is required. In this study. 6 middle periodic herbicides among sulfonylurea derivatives and 2 quinclorac mixture were selected and evaluated their weeding spectrums at different leaf stage of barnyardgrass in both soil application in flooding condition and foliage application in dry paddy field. The order of weeding spectrum in magnitude was as follows : bentazone+quinclorac WP> bentazone + quinclorac G>bensulfuronmethyl + quinclorac G>pyrazosulfuronethyl + quinclorac G> pyrazosulfuronethyl + Molinate G>bensulfuronmethyl + mefenacet + dymron G>bensulfuronmethyl + mefenacet G>bensulfuron methyl+benthiocarb G. The above results coincided with that of the survey. In conclusion, there is no proper substitute for quinclorac mixrure, which can control barnyardgrass at 3.0 leaf stage or even older. Therefore quinclorac should be supplied continuously to farmers in order to anchor direct rice seeding in Korea. Author suggested the followings to eastablish direct rice seeding technology effectively and quickly : 1) A tentatively named "The research committee for direct rice seeding" which was composed of farmers. researchers and goberment. should be eastablished to cooperate effectively. 2) Development of a pricise direct rice seeding machine for both dry and flooding paddy field. which is workable regardless of condition and varieties of seeds. 3) Study on protecting rice seed and seedling from sparrows. 4) Systematic studies of weed control techniques in direct rice seeding to standardize herbicide application. 5) Studies on farm-land reformation. techniques of precise land preparation. and direct rice seeding using an airplane.

• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.31-43
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• 1989

The paper shows a solution by giving vegetable oil a chemical treatment, i.e., transesterification of the rapeseed oil without any modification of the diesel engine for reducing carbon deposits, and to evaluate rate of combustion with vegetable oils, their esterified fuel and their blend fuels using a double Wiebe's function approximation in a naturally aspired D.I. diesel engine. Since any oil will be as material for ester, if it is fatty acid, the sardine oil was considered. In the experiment, engine performance, exhaust gas emissions, and combustion characteristics were measured and calculated for a number of fuels: rapeseed oil, palm oil, ester of rapeseed oil, and these fuels blended with ethanol or diesel fuel.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.207-212
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• 1998

Tea field-collected populations of the tea red spider mite (Tetranychus kazawai Kishida) from five different locations in the southern region of Korea were assessed for resistance to seven acaricides using leaf spray method. There were considerable differences in susceptibility depending on the tested acaricides and the location from which the population was collected. The populations showing high resistance ratio of more than 20 with respect to certain acaricide were as follows: the Sungjun and Cheju populations to azocyclotin, tebufenpyrad, fenpyroximate, pyridaben, propargite, and fenpropathrin; the Haenam population to propargite and fenpyroximate; the Bosung population to propargite; the Youngam population to pyridaben. Therefore, the use of other alternative acaricides against the Sungjun and Cheju populations is needed. However, careful selection of the appropriate acaricide against the Haenam, Bosung and Youngam populations of the tea red spider mite might be maintained in effective control.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.283-290
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• 1988

This study was conducted to clarify the identification of phytotoxic compounds from 5 upland weeds which had been collected at their maturity age in the field of Kyungpook province, Korea. 5 weed species including Stellaria aquatica strongly inhibited the lettuce seed germination. These 5 species were Amaranthus lividus, Stellaria aquatica, Achyranthes japonica, Polygonum perfoliata and Galinsoga ciliata. the degree of inhibitory effects according to various solvent extracts such as ethanol, aceton, chloroform and ether was different as species. In total phenol and diphenol content G. ciliata had largest amount of total phenol with 2.75mg/g, P. perfoliata 1.8mg/g, S. aquatica 1.7mg/g, A. lividus 1.28mg/g, A. japonica 1.27mg/g respectively. A. lividus had much amount of p-cresol, hydroquinone, ferulic, caffeic, p-cl-benzoic and p-coumaric in order. S. aquatica, A. japonica, P. perfoliata and G. ciliata had a large quantity of ferulic, caffeic, 7-OH-coumarin and protocatechuic acids in common. The amount of fatty acids was existed 8.49mg/g in S. aquatica, 7.14mg/g in A. japonica, 7.10mg/g in G. ciliata, 5.49mg/g in P. perfoliata and 4.2mg/g in A. lividus respectively. Most of 4 weeds except G. ciliata had much oxalic acid to the extent of 14-22mg/g. however it appeared that G. ciliata had much quantity of feruic and citric acids.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.8
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• pp.51-62
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• 1968

This study was carried out to investigate the life cycle and the damage of Tricholyga sorbillans Wiedmann to silkworms(Bombyx mori L.). The results are summarized as follows. 1. This insect has 5 or 6 generations per year in Suwon area. 2. The egg, larval, and pupal stage are about 2, 8 and 18 days respectively. 3. The weather conditions considerably affect the life cycle, that is, the 3 rd generation is the shortest of all, lasting for 21 days and l4 hours, and the 5th generation is the longest for about 40 days. 4. The larvae come out of silkworm bodies, burrowing into the ground 3.5cm to 10.5cm in depth before changing into the pupae. 5. This insect does not overwinter as pupa, but seems to do as larva, parasiting on the field insects. 6. The damage of Tricholyga sorbillans Wiedmann to silkworm was 27.9％, it is so high that the silk worms could not be reared outside without a reasonable control method. 7. When the full-grown silkworm is parasited by one egg of these insects, there is not only enough possibility of spinning. but also without any effects of their larvae on the cocoon quality. 8. The damage of Tricholyga sorbillans Wiedmann throughout the country covers 6.36％ in spring, 4.09％ in fall, and 5.25％ yearly mean.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.80-87
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• 2003

Recovery conditions and characteristics of a high molecular soluble protein from surimi processing wastewater in marine manufacture using calcium powder of cuttle bone treated with acetic acid (ATC) were examined. Judging from results of total-N, pH, COD, turbidity and yields, optimal treatment concentration of ATC for recovery of high molecular soluble proteins from wastewater was $1.0\%.$ The protein recovered from seafood waste (PRW) was macromolecule weight. The COD value in the wastewater treated with ATC was very high. The PRW had a $78.4\%$ in moisture, $1.0\%$ in crude lipid and $5.7\%$ in crude ash. The proximate composition, except the crude ash, of the PRW was similar to that of commercial surimi. The PRW showed white index and similar in the content and in the composition of total amino acid to those of commercial surimi. From the results of sensory evaluation on white index and texture, the heat-induced surimi gel prepared with $5\%$ subsititution of the PRW for bulking agent of commercial surimi was not significantly different compared to that prepared with the original commercial surimi.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.468-479
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• 1989

The oxidative stability of the ramyon prepared with rapeseed oil fortified with antioxidants or blended with palm oil was studied to explore the possibility of substituting it for Imported frying fats and oils. Natural tocopherols, butylated hydroxyanisole(BHA), tertiarybutyl hydroquinone(TBHQ), and ascorbyl palmitate with citric acid were used at a level of 0.02 percent. Blended oils were prepared by adding a palm oil to the rapeseed oil at ratios of 7:3, 5:5, and 3:7(w/w), respectively. Ramyon samples were stored at $35.0{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$. for 90 days. The values of parameters, such as peroxide value, unsaturation ratio, and dielectric constant, of the extracted oils were regularly determined. An organoleptic test for the flavor of the samples was also performed. The oxidative stability of the samples was estimated on the basis of the changes of the parameter values. The effectiveness of the antioxidants was in the order of TBHQ ${\gg}$ ascorbyl palmitate with citric acid>BHA>natural tocopherols. The oxidative stability of the ramyon prepared with the rapeseed oil containing 0.02 percent TBHQ was almost as good as that of the ramyon prepared with the palm oil. The stability of the ramyon prepared with the blended oil containing 70 percent palm oil was also as good as that of the ramyon prepared with the palm oil.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.260-266
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• 2009

Non-revenue water reduction(NRW) technologies are implemented to evaluate and manage leakages scientifically in water distribution systems under local governments. A development of quantitative leakage indicator by measuring minimum night flow, pressure control policy by installation of PRV(pressure reducing valve) and the establishment of leakage prevention schemes by residual life modeling of deteriorated water pipes are reviewed and studied. Estimation models of allowable leakage are developed by measuring and analyzing minimum night flow at residential and commercial area in Nonsan city, which is suggested from UK water industry and can improve an existing leakage indicator for the evaluation of non-revenue water. Also, pressure control method is applied and analyzed to Uti distribution area in Sacheon city in the operation aspect. As results, $466\;m^3/day$ of leakage can be reduced and it is expected that 113million won of annual cost can be saved. In the part of corrosion velocity and residual life assessment, non-linear prediction models of residual thickness are proposed by assessment of corrosion velocity based on exposure years, soil and water quality etc., since the deteriorated water pipe play a major role to increase leakage. It is expected that collection data and analyzing results can be applied effectively and positively to reduce non-revenue water by accumulating surveying data and verifying the results in the business field of water distribution systems under local governments.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.1459-1463
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• 2004

최근 빈번하게 발생하는 기상이변현상의 하나로 발생한 제14호 태풍 "매미"는 한반도 남부지방을 통과하면서 강풍과 해일을 동반하여 해안에서는 해일이 발생하여 평균해수면의 상승과 파의 쳐올림(run up)에 의한 월파량(wave overtopping volume)으로 예상치 못한 침수피해가 속출하였다. 태풍으로 인한 주된 피해로써 특히, 침수피해는 이상고조로 인해 평균수위 상승이 만조와 겹침으로써 기존의 호안, 제방 등의 천단고를 넘어서 파의 쳐올림에 의한 월파량으로 호안 배후지의 침수피해가 발생하게 된다. 이러한 월파현상에서 월파량이 축척되면서 배후지에 축척된 수량에 의해 침수피해가 발생되는 근본적인 원인은 파의 쳐올림의 높이에 비해 호안의 제방 높이가 상대적으로 낮다는 데 있다. 우리나라 매립지의 지반고는 과거에 설계 시공한 인근 매립지의 지반고와 동일한 높이로 하고 있는 데 이러한 개념은 인근 지대와 동일조건을 부여하여 배후지에서 발생할 수 있는 여러 가지 문제점을 해결할 수 있는 장점이 많지만, 이건 설계방범은 해안공학적인 측면이 강조되어 설계되었다기보다 사회 경제적 측면을 강조하여 설계되어 왔기 때문에 이번과 같은 태풍에 대한 방재대책이 될 수 없었던 것이다. 따라서 원만한 방재대책이 수립되기 위해서는 과거의 설계방법을 탈피하여 현지조건을 정확하게 조사한 후 이를 근거로 하는 설계가 요구된다. 본 연구는 해안공학적 측면에 중점을 두고 수행하였다. 첫째로, 태풍 제14호 "매미"의 현황을 파악하여 조석현황과 이상고조, 파고추정의 범위를 결정한다. 또, 부산지방의 피해현장을 조사하여 피해의 유사성을 밝힌다. 둘째로, 송도 매립지 호안 전면에서의 월파현상과 월파량을 검토한다. 셋째로, 대체블록에 대해 간략 계산을 통해 유동성을 검토하였다. 이와 같은 연구과정을 통해 태풍이 내습했을 때 호안 배후지내의 월파량 철상을 2차원 수리모형실험을 통해 재현시켜 검토하고, 월파량을 평가기준으로 축척모형을 해안수리학적인 측면에서 검증하였다. 본 2차원 수리모형실험에서 재현시킨 월파량이 현실적으로 어느 정도의 월파량이 되는지는 계산에 의한 방법으로만 추정할 수 있으며, 여기서는 2차원 수리모형실험을 실시했던 자료를 이용하여 현재까지 알려진 방법으로 몇 가지 경우 즉, 현실적으로 일어날 가능성이 있는 최악의 경우에 대해 계산한 겉과, 동일조건에서 축척이 적을수록 추정 월파량이 많음을 알 수 있었다. 이것은 태풍이 내습하여 현실적으로 발생했던 월파량이 더욱 많았음을 유추할 수 있다. 또한, 태풍과 같은 자연재해, 특히 월파량에 대해 취약한 구조를 가진 호안의 경우 여러 가지 대안 중 인공쇄파대(artifical reef)와 같은 완충지대를 갖는 호안을 축조함으로써 월파량을 감소시키는 대안으로 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구 수행을 통해 태풍 내습시 발생 가능한 자연재해에 대한 사전 방지를 목적으로 태풍피해의 원인을 제시하고 이를 해결하여 현재의 방재대책이 항구적인 방재대책으로 전환될 수 있는 방안 마련의 기초 자료로 활용되기를 기대한다.