• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.528-534
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• 2008

연구목적: 변연적합도는 보철수복물의 성공을 좌우하는 중요한 요소 중의 하나이다. McLean과 von Fraunhofer등에 의하면 120 ${\mu}m$ 이하를 임상적으로 허용할 수 있다고 했는데, 이를 넘는 정확하지 않은 변연은 지각과민을 일으키거나 이차 우식을 일으키고, 치태 축적을 용이하게 하여 보철물의 수명을 단축시키게 된다. 이에 최근에 우리나라에 소개되어 임상적으로 사용되고 있는 CAD-CAM 전부도재 수복물 중 $LAVA^{(R)}$ 시스템 (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN)과 $EVEREST^{(R)}$ 시스템 (KaVo Dental GmbH, Biberach, Germany)으로 제작한 지르코니아 전부 도재관들이 도재전장 금속주조 수복물과 비교해 보아 코핑 상태일 때와 도재축성 후 각각 변연적합도의 차이가 있는지를 살펴보고자 하였다. 재료와 방법: 상악 제1소구치 덴티폼 치아를 high speed diamond bur 로 교합면 2.0 mm, 순설면 1.0 mm, 그리고 변연은 chamfer margin을 6도 측면 경사 절삭 기계로 균일하게 제작해서 이를 인상 채득하여 금속 지대치를 제작하였다. 이를 덴티폼 모형상에 장착한 후 전악인상을 채득하여 $LAVA^{(R)}$ 수복물 코핑, $EVEREST^{(R)}$ 수복물 코핑, 그리고 도재전장 금속주조 수복물 코핑을 각각 8개씩 제작하였다. 이들 코핑을 염색제를 섞은 Fit-checker $II^{(R)}$ (GC Cor., Tokyo, Japan)를 이용하여 금속 지대치에 접합시킨 뒤, $Microhiscope^{(R)}$ system (HIROX KH-1000 ING Plus, Seoul, Korea)을 이용하여 300배율로 관찰하면서 변연 간격을 ${\mu}m$단위로 측정하였다. 도재축성 후에도 마찬가지 방법으로 모든 수복물의 변연간격을 측정하여 통계 처리를 하였다. 결과: 코핑 상태에서의 평균 변연간격 값은 $EVEREST^{(R)}$ 에서 $52.00{\pm}11.94\;{\mu}m$, $LAVA^{(R)}$ 는 $ 56.97{\pm}10.00\;{\mu}m$, 그리고 도재 전장 금속 주조 수복물은 $97.38{\pm}18.54\;{\mu}m$를 보였고, 도재축성 후에 평균 변연 간격값은 $EVEREST^{(R)}$ 는 $61.69{\pm}19.33\;{\mu}m$, $LAVA^{(R)}$ 는 $70.81{\pm}12.99\;{\mu}m$, 그리고 도재 전장 금속 주조 수복물은 $115.25{\pm}23.86\;{\mu}m$를 보였다. 결론: 1. $LAVA^{(R)}$ 와 $EVEREST^{(R)}$ 수복물은 도재 전장 금속 주조 수복물과 비교하여 각각 코핑상태일 때와 도재 축성 후 모두 유의성 있는 (P < .05) 차이를 보이는 우수한 변연 적합도를 나타내었다. 2. $LAVA^{(R)}$ 와 $EVEREST^{(R)}$ 수복물 간의 평균 변연 간격 비교에서 코핑 상태일 때와 도재 축성 후에 모두 유의성 있는 차이는 없었다 (P > .05). 3. $LAVA^{(R)}$과 $EVEREST^{(R)}$ 그리고 PFM 은 각각 코어 상태일 때와 비교하여 도재 축성 후 변연 간격에서 약간 증가되었으나 유의성 있는 차이를 보이지는 않았다 (P > .05).

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.291-298
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• 2017

치조골 폭이 협소한 상악 전치부의 심미적인 임플란트 수복은 임플란트 식립체의 경사각과 위치가 제한되기 때문에 단순한 임플란트 식립만으로는 심미적인 임플란트 보철물을 제작하기 어려운 일이다. 임플란트 보철물이 변연 치은과 조화로운 출현윤곽을 재현하기 위해서는 임플란트 식립체의 이상적인 치조골 내 위치와 식립각이 설정될 수 있어야 하며, 이를 위해서는 종종 임플란트 식립 전 골증대술을 선행하여야 한다. 본 증례는 구개측의 심한 골 결손을 동반한 얇은 치조골 폭을 보이는 상악 전치 상실부에 골증대술을 시행한 후, 임플란트를 식립하여 심미 보철을 시행한 증례이다. 먼저 협측에 과량의 골증대술을 선행하여 불리한 임플란트 식립 위치를 보상할 수 있는 구개측 식립 경사를 확보하였으며, 임시보철물의 외형을 조정하여 인접 치아와 조화로운 변연 치은 높이와 치간 유두를 형성하였다. 최종적으로 지르코니아 코어를 가지는 도재수복물을 이용하여 보철 수복하였고 심미적, 기능적으로 만족할 만한 결과를 얻었기에 이를 보고하고자 한다.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2009

All-ceramic restorations have gained acceptance among clinicians and patients because of their superior esthetics. Most all-ceramic systems have a 2-layer structure, using a weak veneering ceramic over a strong supporting core. often, failure of all-ceramic restorations occurs when the veneering ceramic fractures, exposing the core material. The purpose of this study was to compare the shear bond strength of heat press ceramic system (Zirpress) to zirconia core with various surface treatments. 10 metal cores and 50 zirconia cores were fabricated and divided into six groups according to surface treatment such as Zirliner application, aluminium oxide blasting, and 9.5% HF etching. Sixty specimens were prepared using Zirpress, veneered 8mm height and 3mm in diameter, over the zirconia cores (n=10). The shear bond strength test was performed in a universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 1/min. Ultimate shear bond strength data were analyzed with One-way ANOVA and the Scheffe's test (p=.05). Within the limits of this study, the following conclusions were drawn: The mean shear bond strengths (MPa) were: 12.93 for $110{\mu}m$ aluminium oxide blasting/Rexillium III/IPS e.Max Zirpress; 14.92 for $50{\mu}m$ aluminium oxide blasting ${\pm}9.5%$ HF etching/Zirconis core/IPS e.Max Zirpress; 16.37 for $110{\mu}$ aluminium oxide blasting + 9.5% HF etching/Zirconis core/IPS e.Max Zirpress; 12.89 for $200{\mu}$ aluminium oxide blasting + 9.5% HF etching/Zirconis core/IPS e.Max Zirpress; 19.30 for 9.5% HF etching/Zirconis core/IPS e.Max Zirpress; 19.55 for Zirliner/Zirconis core/IPS e.Max Zirpress. The mean shear bond strength for ZNTZH (Zirliner/Zirconis core) and ZNTEH (9.5% HF etching/Zirconis core) were significantly superior to MS110H ($110{\mu}$ aluminium oxide blasting/Rexillium III) and ZS200EH ($200{\mu}$ aluminium oxide blasting + 9.5% HF etching/Zirconis core) (p<0.05).

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.341-350
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• 2010

Purpose: This study focused on achieving desired shades by combining zirconia core with different thickness porcelain in order to make dental prostheses effectively. Methods: White and colored $LAVA^{TM}$ All Ceramic (3M-ESPE, Seefeld, Germany), and Zirkonzahn (Bruneck, Italy) Trans and prettau were used to have Zirconia. LAVATM Ceram (3M-ESPE, Germany) and ICE (Zirkonzahn, Italy) powder were used to have the porcelain. We made quadrilateral specimen of thickness 0.3mm, 0.5mm, 0.7mm and diameter 10 to use zirconia ceramics system of 2 kinds that color tone reappearance way is different and produced total 120 specimens to 4 experimental groups. We used Spectrophotometer to analyze color tone. Data's value getting by dispersal colorimetry period found L*, a*, b* value using Excel program. We used one-way ANOVA to use SPSS WIN 12.0 program. Results: All L*, a*, b* indexes of zirconia core and porcelain veneer in LAVA group and Zirkonzahn group were different. When you combine the white zirconia core of LAVA group with a porcelain veneer, the thickness of the porcelain must be more than 0.5mm to meet the standard target. When all the colored zirconia cores of LAVA group were combined with porcelain veneers, there was no significant difference from the standard target. When the zirconia cores of Zirkonzahn group are combined with porcelain veneers, the thinner thicknesses were closer to the standard tab than thicker thicknesses; however, there was a significant difference in all combinations, with Delta E* value indicating more than 3. Conclusion: When it comes to colored zirconia, which is the most popular, the thicknesses of both a core and a dentin veneer must be more than 0.3mm to get an appropriate shade. There is more possibility to get desirable shades when the thicknesses of a white core are thinner; however, they would be vulnerable to the environment and lose their color. When combine a zirconia core with a dentin veneer, using Zirkonzahn group needs more considerations in order to meet the standard target.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2014

Purpose: This study is to evaluate the effect of modeling liquid on the shear-bond strength between zirconia core and veneering ceramic. Methods: Disk-shaped (diameter: 12.0mm; height: 3.0mm) zirconia were randomly divided into six groups according to the surface conditioning method and whether modeling liquid is used or not to be applied (N=60, n=10 per group): group 1-control group with distilled water(ZD); group 2-control group with modeling liquid(ZM); group 3-airborne particle abrasion with $110-{\mu}m$ $Al_2O_3$(AD) with distilled water; group 4-airborne particle abrasion with $110-{\mu}m$ $Al_2O_3$ with modeling liquid(AM); group 5-liner with distilled water(LD); group $6{\pounds}{\neq}liner$ with modeling liquid(LM). Contact angles were determined by the sessile drop method at room temperature using a contact angle measurement apparatus. The specimens were prepared using dentin veneering ceramics, veneered, 3mm high and 2.8mm in diameter, over the cores. The shear bond strength test was performed in a Shear bond test machine. Load was applied at a cross-head speed of 0.50mm/min until failure. The fractured zirconia surfaces were evaluated by using stereomicroscope (${\times}30$). Collected data were analyzed using SPSS(Statistical Package for Social Sciences) Win 12.0 statistics program. Results: ZD showed the highest contact angle($50.6{\pm}5.4^{\circ}$) and LD showed the lowest value($6.7{\pm}1.3^{\circ}$). Control groups and zirconia liner groups were significantly higher contact angle than liner groups(p<0.05). LD was the highest shear bond strength($43.9{\pm}3.8MPa$) and ZD was the lowest shear bond strength($24.8{\pm}4.9MPa$). Shear bond strengths of control groups and contact angle of liner groups were not significantly different((p>0.05). Liner groups presented adhesive failures. The others groups showed cohesive and adhesive failures. Conclusion: Modeling liquid groups showed lower contact angles and lower shear bond strength compared to those of distilled water groups.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.299-306
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• 2011

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the shear bond strength by manufacturing the veneering porcelain on the IPS e.max $ZirCAD^{(R)}$ zirconia core, using the layering technique and heat-pressing technique, and to evaluate the clinical stability by comparing to the conventional metal ceramic system. Methods: The Schmitz-Schulmeyer test method was used to evaluate the core-veneer shear bond strength of zirconia core ceramic(IPS e.max $ZirCAD^{(R)}$) and their manufacture recommended two veneering ceramic systems(IPS e.max $ceram^{(R)}$, IPS e. max $ZirPress^{(R)}$). A metal ceramic system(Bellabond $plus^{(R)}$, VITA $VM13^{(R)}$) was used as a control group for the two all ceramic system test groups. The maximum loading and shear bond strength was measured. The average shear strength(MPa) was analyzed with the one-way ANOVA and the Tukey's test(${\alpha}$=.05). The fracture specimens were examined using Microscope to determine the failure pattern. Results: The mean shear bond strengths(SD) in MPa were MBSB control 43.62(2.13); ZBSB 18.65(1.76); ZPSB 18.89(1.54). The shear strengths of the zirconia cores were not significantly different(P>.05). Microscope examination showed that zirconia specimens presented mixed failure, and base metal alloy specimens showed adhesive failure. Conclusion: There was no siginificant different between the layering technique and the heat pressing technique in the veneering methods on the zirconia cores. None of the zirconia core and veneering ceramics could attain the high bond strength values of the metal ceramic combination.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.29-39
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• 2006

Statements of problem: Zirconia core is used for posterior fixed partial dentures because it's good mechanical properties. Stress is concentrated on connectors in fixed partial dentures, so the proper design of connector areas is needed for adequate mechanical long-term properties of any prosthesis. The area of connector is critical, but tooth size and surrounding soft tissue limit the connector design. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare fracture strengths between different connector designs of zirconia core for posterior fixed partial dentures manufactured with CAD/CAM system and determining the optimal connector design satisfying strength and hygiene. Material and method: The following four groups of 40 posterior fixed partial denture specimens(each group 10) were fabricated as followed; group 1 vertical height of connector is 3mm (control group, all groups have the same condition); group 2, lingual vertical 1mm reinforcement on connector; group 3, lingual vertical 2mm reinforcing on connector and group 4, lingual vertical 3mm reinforcing on connector. Specimens were subjected to compressive loading on the central fossa of pontic by instron. SEM was used to identify the initial crack and characterize the fracture mode. Results: The results were as follows: 1. The mean fracture load of the non-lingual reinforcing group was 1212N and the lingual vertical 1mm reinforcing group was 1510N, the lingual vertical 2mm reinforcing group was 1882N, the lingual vertical 3mm reinforcing group was 1980N. 2. The reinforcing groups were statistically significant compared to non-reinforcing groups(P<0.001). 3. There were 2, 3mm reinforcing groups that were statistically significant compared to 1mm reinforcing groups(P<0.001), and the 3mm reinforcing group was not statistically significant compared to 2mm reinforcing groups(P>0.05) 4. Fractures were initiated in gingival embrasures of connectors and processed to the loading site. Conclusion: In this study, lingual reinforcement of connector for improved strength of zirconia based fixed partial denture is nessasary. And long-term study for clinical application is required