• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.413-422
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was to identify the relationship between knowledge, self efficacy, and self care behavior regarding foot care among elderly diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Methods: The subjects consisted of 146 elderly with DM. The data collected from February to October 2008 were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: The mean scores of knowledge ($13.21{\pm}1.99$), self efficacy ($2.23{\pm}0.54$), and self care behavior ($2.29{\pm}0.51$) regarding foot care were moderate. The level of knowledge was significantly different according to education about DM (p = .012) and drinking (p = .007). Self efficacy was significantly different according to gender (p = .019), educational level (p = .014), spouse (p = .048), disease period (p = .000), admission of DM (p = .000), complication of DM (p = .001), education of DM (p = .023). Self care behavior was significantly different according to educational state (p = .003), disease period (p = .039), and other disease (p = .000). Significant correlations were found between knowledge and self care behavior (p = .001), self efficacy and self care behavior (p = .000), knowledge and self efficacy(p=.012). Knowledge and self efficacy were a predictor of self care behavior (18.2%). Conclusion: These findings indicate that perceived knowledge and self efficacy may be necessities to improve self care behavior regarding foot care among elderly DM patients. The above mentioned results will be reflected in developing patient educational programs.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.26-36
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among psycho-social well-being, and health perception and behavior in clinical nurses. Methods: The data were collected from 362 nurses employed at five general hospitals. A self-reported questionnaire was used to assess demographics and job characteristics, health perception and behavior, depression, and psycho-social stress. The data were analysed using Cronbach's alpha, descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANOVA. Results: While nurses perceived themselves to be in good health, represented by a high mean for health perceptions, actual health behavior was poor as the mean for health behavior was low. Forty two percents of the subjects were categorized as having major depression and high-stress levels. There were statistically significant differences in psycho-social well-being according to age, marital status, years of employment, and monthly salary. Also, there were significant differences in psycho-social well-being according to health perception, regular meals and exercise, sufficient sleep, job related injury and accident, and absences for ill. Conclusion: In order to prevent depression and improve psycho-social well-being among clinical nurses, organizational support and health management needs to be focused on high-risk nurses. Furthermore, it is essential to consider the health perception and behavior of clinical nurses.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.18-34
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• 1999

Nurse's caring behaviors are essential to help patients cope with their health problems. The purpose of this study was to investigate the importance of nurse's caring behaviors as perceived by staff nurses and patients. The subjects were 295 staff nurses and 340 patients from five medical centers in Taegu. Data collection was done from Dec. 10, 1997 to Jan. 31, 1998. The tool for this study was a 7 point Likert type scale with 27 earing behaviors developed by Lee(1996). Cronbach alpha of the tool was .9701 in staff nurses and .9618 in patients. Data were analyzed with SAS using t-test, ANOVA and Spearman rank correlation program. The results are as follows : 1. The a verage score of perceived importance of nurse's taring behaviors for the 27 items was 5.65 in staff nurses and 4.97 in patients. 2. The most important caring behaviors perceived by the nurses was 'Nurse gives painless and cautious injection and treatment for patients' and for the patients, 'Nurse gives hygienic treatment and nursing care'. 3. The caring behavior which showed a significant difference between the ranks of perceived importance by staff nurses and patients was 'to treat the patient with tenderness and friendship'. 4. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient between the ranks of importance perceived by staff nurses and patients was 0.8302. With the results of this study, the staff nurses could be recognized to have much enthusiasm and passion about caring. It is suggested that nurses let the public know about the nurses' caring roles. In the future, research to investigate the actual practice of nurses' caring behavior is necessary.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.134-144
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to verify the relationship of laptop purchasing behaviors based of Theory of Planned Behavior. The data collected from the 240 experience to that who used laptop computer, but was analyzed. With the collected data, factor analysis, K-Means analysis, correlation analysis, crosstabs analysis, and structural equation model analysis was performed by SPSSWIN 15.0 and AMOS 7.0. Factor and cluster analyses were used to segment the sample into four clusters. After analyzing the results, various relationships between attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention were determined for the different groups.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.110-118
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to survey the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) related knowledge, risk perception, preventive behaviors, depression, and anxiety levels among nursing students, and to identify factors that influence preventive behaviors. Methods: An online survey was conducted among nursing students from October 7, 2020 to October 12, 2020. The data were analyzed using independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression. Results: A total of 222 nursing students participated in this study. The correct answer rate for COVID-19 knowledge was 90.0%, risk perception was 5.51±1.26, and the rate for preventive behaviors was 92.5%. The depression score was 6.28±4.63; 59.9% of nursing students had depression, and the anxiety score was 5.56±3.98; 59.9% of nursing students had anxiety. COVID-19 preventive behaviors had a positive correlation with COVID-19 knowledge (r= .30, p< .001), COVID-19 risk perception (r= .18, p= .009), and anxiety (r= .21, p= .001). Factors influencing COVID-19 preventive behaviors by multiple regression were identified as COVID-19 knowledge, anxiety, physical health status before and after COVID-19, grade, practical experience after COVID-19, and COVID-19 risk perception (F = 12.46, p< .001, R²= 25.8%). Conclusion: The results of this research on factors influencing COVID-19 prevention behaviors can be used in the future to develop appropriate health policies for individual and community infectious disease prevention behaviors.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.40
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• pp.521-549
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• 2015

We recognize all objects by seeing. However, we are not sure that the things we see through our eyes are their essence. Here comes my question: What does it mean that humans see and recognize things? The things we see are images and so I consider recognizing an object as semiosis via our visual sensation and brain. That is because objects are defined not by their essence but as symbols we recognize. In the era of post-modernism art is a voluntary creative activity that creates a kind of spiritual value and plays an important role for appreciators who realize the fact to enjoy the life value. This paper focused on the art putting aesthetic value on humans' recognition and explored works of art in a visually perceptible way through semiosis. That is because art, an act of creating things, is symbolic and closely linked to semiotic system. Furthermore, derivative visual signs can be considered to be in line with the viewers' visual perception. If we interpreted by recognizing the works of art along with symbol, we can enjoy the works in depth through recognizing their color or shape. Therefore, I intended to discourse on color perception focusing on colors in order to analyze the relationship between art and symbol in the process of recognizing works of art. This paper looked into background of color recognition, status of colors and ways of expression for impressionist who painted with various colors and examined colors as a sensory language. In the process of interpreting art works by communication between the artist and viewers, the role of color is considered as visual symbol through the artist's experience, consciousness, emotions, and their senses. It can be interpreted the visual language through signification of the symbols when the colors are formed in works of art as a recognizable space. Therefore we expect to study in the Visual arts to be the colors symbolic analysis is extended to more effective communication tool.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.15-31
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• 2008

Objective: This study is a quasi-experimental study by nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design, performed in order to identify whether the program developed on the basis of Ajzen(1988, 1991)'s theory of planned behavior (TPB) for predicting the safety behavior of students of department of dental technology affects intention toward safety behavior and general behavior. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify whether the safety education in laboratories in which knowledge is reinforced on the basis of the TPB theory affects safety behavior. Methodology: The theoretical framework of this study was established on the basis of the TPB by Ajzen(1988, 1991). This study was performed between May 20 and December 5, 2006, and the subjects included 101 in the experimental group and 98 in the control group, a total of 199. The experimental group was educated through six 50-minute sessions (twice a week) for three weeks. The experimental group was pretested, educated, and then asked to answer the pro-questionnaire after finishing the sixth session, but the control group was free from intervention. The research tool in this study was developed by the authors with reference to the process of tool development used in Schifter and Ajzen (1985) based on Ajzen and Fishbein(1980)'s tool development guide. Results: The data were analyzed through SPSS 14.0 version. The reliability test of attitude, subjective norm, perceived norm, intention, and behavior toward safety behavior as TPB variables was calculated of Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and general characteristics and the homogeneity test of the experimental and the control groups were analyzed through t test and $X^2$ test. According to the results of the analysis, the experiment group may be higher than the control group after the safety education in the scores of attitude, the subjective norm, the perceived norm, and the intention toward safety behavior as TPB independent variables showed no significant difference, but there was significant difference in the behavior and the knowledge. Meanwhile, according to the results of the pretest and posttest, eleven items in the experimental group and two items in the control group showed significant difference in the behaviors, and twelve in the former and four in the latter were significantly different in the knowledge. Conclusion: The safety education program developed on the basis of TPB was identified to enhance safety behavior and knowledge. Therefore, the safety education program used in this study for students of department of dental technology may be utilized as database for safety education in the department of dental technology.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.39-69
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• 2011

This study is conducted to clarify when a person faces an ethical dilemma in business situation, what affects on individual ethical decision-making(from ethical judgments to behavioral intention, nonethical behaviors) in the organizational context. especially, the present study examined the direct and indirect effects of love of money, individuals' perceptions of work climate, perceptions of organizational justice on their ethical judgments and behavioral intentions regarding an ethical dilemma. The subjects of the research were Pusan National University business school enrolled students(n=160). The research was substantiated through statistical analysis of credibility and validity, correlation, variance, and moderated regression analysis. The results indicated that, although perceived ethical climate dimensions did not have a direct effect on behavioral intentions, but had a direct effect on nonethical behaviors. Climates perceived as egoistic were significant moderating effects. and love of money had a direct effect on behavioral intention. Perceptions of organizational justice had a direct effect on behavioral intentions. Especially, interactional justice had a strong influence on ethical behavioral intentions than distributive justice and procedural justice. In depth discussion implications, limitations, and future research directions were supplied.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.273-299
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• 2013

This study attempts to identify user perceived value as a major predictor of the usage of smartphone-based mobile commerce(m-commerce). More specifically, the study conceptualizes user perceived value of smartphone-based m-commerce along three dimensions, such as temporal, functional, and economic values. Moreover, this study proposes service ubiquity and user control that are uniquely defining characteristics of smartphone-based m-commerce and examines how the two variables are associated with the creation of user perceived value. Using a total of 164 data collected on users of smartphone-based mcommerce, we conducted PLS analysis to test the proposed model and hypotheses. The key findings are as follows : First, it has been found that the usage of smartphone-based m-commerce is determined by the three values, such as temporal, functional, and economic values. Particularly, the results show that temporal value is the most influential variable in predicting m-commerce use. Second, the results demonstrate that service ubiquity has a significant positive effect on temporal value, whereas it has no effect on functional value. Finally, user control is positively associated with temporal and functional values. Overall, the results indicate that service ubiquity and user control considerably increase temporal value, thereby accelerating the use of smartphone-based m-commerce. Discussions and implications of the results are provided.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.109-133
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• 2014

Psychological distance refers to the perceived gap between a stimulus and a person's direct experience and its activation influences the decisions and actions that the person makes towards the stimulus. We investigated whether the level of familiarity affects the construction of psychological distance. Specifically, we hypothesized that a familiar stimulus, relative to an unfamiliar stimulus, is perceived to be psychologically closer to the observer and so its perception might be modulated by the perceived spatial distance. The familiarity of stimuli was manipulated in terms of preexposure frequency and preexposure perceptual fluency. In experiments, participants were first exposed with three nonsense words in a lexical decision task. The nonsense words were presented in nonword trials with different levels of frequency (frequent vs. rare, Experiment 1) or with different levels of visibility (less blurred vs. more blurred, Experiment 2). Participants then performed a distance Stroop task with the most familiar and the least familiar nonwords. Each of them appeared in either proximal or distant spatial locations in scenes with clear depth cues. The results showed a significant interaction between the word familiarity and the spatial distance: the familiar word was judged faster in proximal locations but slower in distant locations relative to the unfamiliar word. The current findings suggest that metacognitive evaluation of familiarity could be one of the critical factors that underlie the construction of psychological distance.