• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.75-83
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• 2000

Cyclic vomiting syndrome(CVS) is a disorder of unknown etiology that is characterized by its clinical pattern of intermittent episodes of severe vomiting, similar in time of onset and duration, with no symptoms during the intervening period. By definition, CVS is an idiopathic disorder that requires exclusionary laboratory testing. Not only can it be mimicked by many specific disorders, eg, surgical, neurologic, endocrine, metabolic, renal, but within idiopathic CVS there may be specific subgroups that have different mechanisms. It has been reported that CVS usually begins in toddlers and resolves during adolescence. Migraine is also self-limiting episodic condition of children and the clinical features of migraine and CVS show considerable similarity. It is proposed that CVS is a condition related to migraine. This paper reports clinical courses of long term follow-up and reversible EEG changes in three patients whose history included CVS. Clinical situations of attack interval, duration and associated symptoms had changed variablely in each patients through long term follow-up period. Cyclic vomiting subsided in two cases. Abnormal delta activity was seen during episodes and resolved at follow-up, when the patient asymptomatic. The brain wave changes support the interpretation of CVS as a migraine variant.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.11
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• pp.1232-1238
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• 2005

Purpose : Though more than 15 years have passed after introduction of Lorenzo's oil therapy in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy(ALD), its efficacy is still fully not known. In patients who already have neurologic symptoms, most reports indicate that the neurologic disability continues to increase. We evaluated its efficacy in X-linked ALD patients. Methods : Four patients who were treated with Lorenzo's oil for at least 12 months were enrolled from 1996 to 2003. During treatment, changes of neurologic symptoms, brain magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) findings, and serum saturated very long-chain fatty acid(C26:0) were assessed. Results : Two patients with childhood cerebral ALD had progression of neurologic symptoms and MRI lesions during treatment. One asymptomatic patient developed childhood cerebral ALD after six year treatment of Lorenzo's oil. One "Addison only" patient remained neurologically intact after three years. During Lorenzo's oil therapy, serum C26:0 levels which had increased at diagnosis decreased in all four patients. Conclusion : Treatment with Lorenzo's oil did not prevent disease progression in childhood cerebral ALD patients who were already symptomatic. Long term follow up will be needed in asymptomatic ALD including "Addison only" to reveal the efficacy of Lorenzo's oil.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.191-201
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• 2016

Purpose: In the present study, the effect of artificial tears with different ingredients on tear film stability and subjective symptoms of dry eyes in the early stage of soft contact lenses wear was investigated. Methods: The three kinds of artificial tears and saline solution were respectively applied onto 50 dry eyes which wore soft contact lenses made of etafilcon A. Then, non-invasive tear film break-up time (NIBUT) was measured at every five minutes for 30 minutes right after the instillation of artificial tears, and the changes in blink rate and subjective symptoms were estimated after 30 minutes from the instillations. Results: All three kinds of artificial tears increased NIBUT larger than saline. The effect of increasing NIBUT immediately after the instillation of artificial tears was the largest when the artificial tear containing viscosity enhancer was used. The duration time of the effect was the longest when the artificial tear having both surfactant and viscosity enhancer was applied. The blink rate was not significantly changed when both artificial tears and saline solution were instilled. Subjective symptoms were significantly improved by the instillation of both artificial tears and saline solution and dryness, irritation, tiredness, stiffness, dazzling were improved by the use of most solutions. However, the subjective symptoms were rebounded to the level before the instillation of artificial tears after 30 minute-instillation. Conclusions: It was revealed that both artificial tears and saline solution could improve the subjective symptoms of dry eye in the early stage of soft contac lenses however, the effect of these solutions on the tear film stability was different according to the components. From the results, it is suggested that the proper selection of artificial tears is necessary for the improvement of dry eye symptoms at the early stage of soft contact lenses wear in dry eye.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 2011

Purpose: Recognition of impending death is crucial not only for efficient communication with the caregiver of the patient, but also determination of the time to refer to a separate room. Current studies simply list the events 'that have already occurred' around 48 hours before the death. This study is to analyze the predictability of each event by comparing the time length from 'change' to death. Methods: Subjects included 160 patients who passed away in a palliative care unit in Incheon. The analysis was limited to 80 patients who had medical records for the last week of their lives. We determined 9 symptoms and 8 signs, and established the standard of 'significant change' of each event before death. Results: The most common symptom was increased sleeping (53.8%) and the most common sign was decreased blood pressure (BP) (87.5%). The mean time to death within 48 hours was 46.8% in the case of resting dyspnea, 13.6% in the ease of low oxygen saturation, and 36.9% in the case of decreased BP. The symptom(s) which had the highest positive predictive value (PV) for death within 48 hours was shown to be resting dyspnea (83%), whereas the combination of resting dyspnea and confusion/delirium (65%) had the highest negative PV. As for the most common signs before death within 48 hours, the positive PVs were more than 95%, and the negative PV was the highest when decreased BP and low oxygen saturation were combined. The difference in survival patterns between symptoms and signs was significant. Conclusion: The most reliable symptoms to predict the impending death are resting dyspnea and confusion/delirium, and decline of oxygen saturation and BP are the reliable signs to predict the event.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.205-215
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• 2013

Most terminally ill cancer patients experience various physical and psychological symptoms during their illness. In addition to pain, they commonly suffer from fatigue, anorexia-cachexia syndrome, nausea, vomiting and dyspnea. In this paper, I reviewed some of the common non-pain symptoms in terminally ill cancer patients, based on the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines to better understand and treat cancer patients. Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a common symptom in terminally ill cancer patients. There are reversible causes of fatigue, which include anemia, sleep disturbance, malnutrition, pain, depression and anxiety, medical comorbidities, hyperthyroidism and hypogonadism. Energy conservation and education are recommended as central management for CRF. Corticosteroid and psychostimulants can be used as well. The anorexia and cachexia syndrome has reversible causes and should be managed. It includes stomatitis, constipation and uncontrolled severe symptoms such as pain or dyspnea, delirium, nausea/vomiting, depression and gastroparesis. To manage the syndrome, it is important to provide emotional support and inform the patient and family of the natural history of the disease. Megesteol acetate, dronabinol and corticosteroid can be helpful. Nausea and vomiting will occur by potentially reversible causes including drug consumption, uremia, infection, anxiety, constipation, gastric irritation and proximal gastrointestinal obstruction. Metoclopramide, haloperidol, olanzapine and ondansetron can be used to manage nausea and vomiting. Dyspnea is common even in terminally ill cancer patients without lung disease. Opioids are effective for symptomatic management of dyspnea. To improve the quality of life for terminally ill cancer patients, we should try to ameliorate these symptoms by paying more attention to patients and understanding of management principles.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.196-202
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• 2011

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate levels of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) and substance P (SP) in root canal exudates during root canal treatment (RCT) of nonvital, painful teeth. Materials and Methods: Patients scheduled for nonsurgical RCT were prospectively selected; the study was performed after obtaining informed consent from the patients and was approved by the Institutional Review Board for Clinical Research of Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University (3-2008-0118). Canal exudates samples were collected using sterilized paper points from teeth scheduled for RCT across three different time periods. MMP-8 and SP levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data were analyzed using a mixed model analysis and the Pearson correlation analysis (p < 0.05). Results: MMP-8 and SP levels in GCF were decreased during RCT (p < 0.0001), and they showed a weak positive correlation to each other (p < 0.05). Patients' subjective pain levels and the response from percussion test were significantly related to SP level. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that periradicular inflammation endodontic origin can elevate SP and MMP-8 levels in root canal exudates. Interestingly, SP level of canal exudates showed a possibility of being used as an indicator of pain due to periapical pathosis.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.243-251
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• 2016

Purpose: This study evaluates the effectiveness of intermittent exotropia vision training through follow up of average 3 years using proprioceptive test (Maindot test). Methods: 35 people (18 men, 17 women) with mean age of 13.48 (${\pm}2.45$) with corrected visual acuity of 0.9 or higher and normal binocular vision and control were observed for changes between before, after, and 3 years following the vision training during the period from 2005 to 2009. Results: After training, the correlation between the changed amount of deviation and PRC(diplopia) value and symptoms was not significant (p>0.05). However, it showed a statistically significant (p<0.001) correlation that change of the binocular proprioceptive sense abilities is decreased subjective symptoms. Conclusions: Binocular proprioceptive sense may be used in variety of purposes and applications such as predictive evaluation of binocular symptoms, binocular function performance evaluation after vision training and prism treatment.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.262-269
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of storage temperature on fruit quality attributes and physiological disorders including peel blackening in 'Sangjudungsi' persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) fruit stored in air at -1, 0.5 or $3^{\circ}C$ for up to 3 months. Higher storage temperature reduced ethylene production but not respiration rate, compared with lower storage temperature. Flesh firmness decreased continuously as storage time passed but firmness was reduced rapidly in the fruits stored at higher storage temperature. Fresh weight loss increased at higher storage temperatures. Soluble solids content was higher at lower storage temperature than at higher storage temperature. All color variables ($L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$) were reduced by lower storage temperature, compared with higher storage temperature, regardless of tissue regions. Fruit softening increased as storage duration advanced and with the increase in storage temperature. Results indicated that the 'Sangjudungsi' persimmon fruits stored at higher storage temperature ($3^{\circ}C$) could not retain fruit quality properly on account of lower flesh firmness and higher incidence of peel blackening and fruit decay, compared with lower storage temperature.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.285-291
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted to research any effect on visual function related to accommodation by VDT work. Methods: The refraction power, accommodative lag, accommodative facility, relative accommodation, amplitude of accommodation and blink rate were measured before and after VDT work for 2 hours on 48 university students (16 males and 32 females), without abnormal accommodative function and systemic and ocular disease, who had never undergone corrective eye surgery. All examinations were performed with distant refraction, and a survey was conducted on the items related to subjective symptoms of VDT syndrome. Results: After 2 hours of VDT work, refractive power increased by 0.23 D, the amount of change in accommodative lag were $0.17{\pm}0.42D$ in the right eye and $0.23{\pm}0.47D$ in the left eye (t=2.26, p=0.03). There were statistically significant differences. Both the accommodative facility and relative accommodation and amplitude of accommodation were decreased after work. However, blink rate were increased. After VDT work, 33.4% of the subjects showed subjective symptoms of asthenopia and 33.3% of them showed shoulder pain. Conclusions: As a result, the accommodative lag increased in response to the two hours of VDT work, and overall accommodative functions were decreased. In addition, as symptoms of providing visual strain, asthenopia showed the most prominent subjective symptoms.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.249-255
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• 2014

In this study, the products of Acanthopanax senticosus fermentation were derived from the mycelia of 2 mushrooms, Ganoderma lucidum and Phellinus linteus, to determine their safety in Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were orally administered the water extracts of A. senticosus fermentation products with G. lucidum (FM-5111) or P. linteus (FM-5131) at dose levels of 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 g/kg for the single-dose toxicity test and 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 g/kg for the repeated-dose toxicity test. There were no significant differences in body weight gain, feed intake, or water consumption between control and FM-5111- or FM-5131-treated rats. Hematological and blood biochemistry analysis revealed that none of the investigated parameters were affected by the A. senticosus fermentation products, and no remarkable lesions were observed upon histopathological analysis. We conclude that the A. senticosus fermentation products obtained from mushroom mycelia are safe for long-term administration and could be considered as multi-functional nutrients for the improvement of liver function and immunity.