• Korean Architects
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• s.638
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• pp.92-93
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• 2022

• Resources Recycling
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.3-10
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• 2003

Copper oxychloride used as an agricultural fungicide has been recovered from copper-containing waste etchant by the neutralization with alkali hydroxides. Large amount of copper-containing waste etchant is generated from Printed Circuit Board industry. In an environmental and economic point of view, retrieve of the valuable natural resource from the waste is important. Recycling process of copper oxychloride from the waste etchant is discovered through the our study. In the range of reaction temp. 2$0^{\circ}C$-4$0^{\circ}C$, pH 5-7, pure copper oxychloride was able to prepare and the yield of copper oxychloride was higher than 95%. Physical properties of the sample have been characterized using SEM, XRD, TGA, ICP and Atomic absorption spectroscopy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Groundwater Environment
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.38-47
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• 1995

This study was carried out in order to provide basic information on neutralization processes of acid mine drainage (AMD) from the abandoned Donghae coal mine in the Samchuk coalfield. The contents of potentially toxic elements in stream water increase and the level of pH decreases during dry season. Hydrated lime is turned out to be the best neutralizer of the acid mine water from a technical and economic viewpoint. From the results of equilibrium calculation, Fe and Al could be precipitated as FeOOH, and Al(OH)$_3$, respectively, in the neutralization process. The sites of holding basins necessary to equalize quantity and quality of AMD are recommended by GIS analysis, and the capacities of holding basins are determined by hydrological calculation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Resources Recycling Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.53-58
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• 2004

동제련 공정중 고품질의 전기동을 효율적으로 생산하기 위해서는 Anode중에 적정량의 비소(As)가 필요하다. 그러나 Cu가 약30% 함유되어 있는 동정광에 함유된 비소는 Smelting Furnace 용련과정에서 비소 특성상 약 70%가 Offgas로 휘발되어 황산공장으로 유입 처리되고, 나머지 30%만 아노드(Anode)로 유입되므로 별도로 전련공정에서 발생된 Cu-Cement(비소 함유)를 정제로에 Recycle 하고 있으며, 부족시 추가로 비소 Source를 구입하여 정제로에 투입하고 있다. 이를 효과적으로 해결하기 위하여 현재 위탁처리를 하고있는 As가 함유된 폐수처리 2차 중화시 발생된 2차 Cake 60W.T/D중 30W.T/D를 기존 Converter Slag 건조용 Rotary Dryer를 이용하여 Converter Furnace에 Recycle 함으로써 전련 Anode에 필요한 비소를 공급하고, 또한 2차 Cake에 혼입되어 있는 CaO 활용으로 부재료 절감, 유가금속(Cu등) 회수등 및 2차 Cake 위탁처리비용을 절감하며, Cu-Cement는 Smelting Furnace에 투입하여 정제로 투입시 발생되는 문제점들을 동시에 해결코자 한다.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.3-42
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• 2010

This study shows that the Warsaw Convention in Article 1 is not an international transport, origin, destination and all the Contracting Parties is not a purely domestic shipping does not apply to this Treaty. Therefore, in this case, liability and damages for the governing law is selected according to international law should be. In addition, in the case of international shipping and passenger air carrier of this treaty to govern the relationship, not all of which aim is the unification of certain rules. Product liability is the most important thing of all. As for the aircraft manufacturer's responsibility according to international law also does not select the applicable law is not. The Warsaw Convention Article 17 apply for the passenger's personal damages Article 2 Section 2 leads to the most prestigious type of damages, and subjective and objective with regard to the scope of international law are being committed. In this regard, Governing Law-related aircraft accidents leading to serious accidents in China of an aircraft crash in Nagoya, Japan, the airport can be. China Airlines accident of the aircraft are operated for the unification of the rules for international air transport on the Warsaw Convention as amended by Article 17, Article 18 of damages by the tort claims and claims based on damages caused by, or this cause of aircraft accidents air bus maker by the Corporation for damages in tort claims for damages claimed on the basis of solidarity is the case. In the case of these grand scale claim responsibility for the airline, air transport agreements to determine the applicable law of the contract is very complex. There for the contracts based on individual circumstances or origin, and by considering because each must be determined.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.102-107
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• 1985

A pot experiment was conducted to find out the effects of water management, slaked lime and wollastonite on growth and Cu uptake of rice at Cu added soil. The soil was adjusted to 0, 50, 100 and 200 ppm concentration of Cu. The application amount of slaked lime was the lime requirement plus 150 ㎏/l0a and wollastonite 200 ㎏/10a, respectively. The copper concentration in soil which reduced yield significantly was 133.1 ppm for submersion and 136.8 ppm for intermittent irrigation. The application of lime and wollastonite reduced Cu content in brown rice as well as increased rice yields compared to that of no lime. The copper content in plant was increased with increasing soil Cu concentration, however, reduced with submersion and application of slaked lime, and increased with increasing the ratio of Cu/Ca+Mg equivalent in soil.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.485-488
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• 2008

Recycled fine aggregate has low quality because it contains large amount of old mortar. So, its usage is limited to a lower value-add, such as the roadbed material etc. Also, alkaline water occurred from treatment process of the waste concrete is becoming the cause of environmental problem. Accordingly, this study is to develop on the high quality recycled fine aggregate produced by low speed wet abraser using sulphuric. We investigated the properties of compressive strength of the mortar which was manufactured using recycled fine aggregate containing calcined gypsum produced by earlier mentioned process. Test results indicate that mortar using recycled fine aggregate containing calcined gypsum has lowest compressive strength. It seems that low compressive strength is closely associated with the expansion of the specimen by excessive formation of ettringite.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.333-338
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• 1987

In order to establish the biological treatment system which can be used for treatment of waste aster from acetaldehyde plant, it was investigated optimum nutrient requirements and growth conditions by mixed culture of Micrococcus roseus AW-6, Micrococcus luteus AW-22, Microbacterium lacticum AW-38 and Microbacterium laevaniformans AW-41 as well as the effect of coagulants and neutralization reagents. Also, it was carried out the continuous culture as well as batch culture to treat the waste water by mixed culture of these strains. The COD removal rate was reached to maximum state for 96hrs culture at pH7.0 and $30^{\circ}C$ NaOH as the neutralization reagents was the most effective, but the coagulants had no effect on the COD remonal rate and the optimum dilution times for treatment were 10 fold. The COD removal rate was also increased by supplimenting 200 ppm $NH_{2}NO_{3}$, 50 ppm $KH_{2}PO_{4}$, 15 ppm $CaCl_{2}$ and 1 ppm $MgSO_{4} \cdot 7H_{2}O $ as additional nutrients. The removal rate coefficient $K_{1}$ on the batch culture was $4.5\times 10^{-6}$, and the detention time for BOD removal rate of 85% was approximately 45hrs. The COD of waste water was reduced to 15% of its initial value by the continuous culture. The COD and BOD of the effluents were to be about 60 ppm and 40 ppm, respectively, and final pH was 7.0.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.83-85
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• 2008

현행 지상파 DMB(Digital Multimedia Broadcasting)에서는 최대 CIF급 해상도의 동영상을 384 Kbps 정도의 비트율로 압축하여 비디오 CD급의 화질을 제공한다. 따라서 큰 화면을 통해 DMB 방송을 시청할 경우 해상도 부족 등으로 인한 화질 열화를 느낄 수 있다. 이와 같은 문제를 해결하기 위한 방안으로 계층적으로 부호화된 비트스트림을 서로 다른 채널로 전송하는 고품질 AT-DMB 시스템이 연구되고 있다. 더불어, 계층변조 기술을 이용하여 추가적인 전송대역폭을 확보하고, 계층적 비디오 부호화 기술을 이용하여 고품질 이동 멀티미디어 방송을 제공하는 고품질 T-DMB 방식이 개발되고 있다. 이와 같은 AT-DMB 방식으로 사용자에게 안정된 고품질 비디오 서비스를 제공하기 위해서는 계층적 비디오 부호화를 고려한 효율적인 AV다중화 및 동기화 구조에 대한 연구가 필수적으로 요구 된다. 본 논문에서는, 이와 같은 고품질 AT-DMB 시스템을 위해서 각 계층 ES(Elementary stream)을 MPEG-4 over MPEG-2 시스템과 Eureka-147 DAB 시스템을 통해 서로 다른 채널로 전송한다. 계층별 전송으로 인한 시간 지연에 대처하여 수신입력부에서는 각각의 계층으로 전송된 ES들이 동기화 되어 복호화 되도록 SVC의 계층적 비트스트림 구조와 적응적으로 동작되는 다중화 시스템구조를 제작하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.5-11
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• 2000

Background and Objectives : Tongue-tie, or partial ankyloglossia, is manifested by an abnormally short and thick lingual frenulum. Degree of tongue-tie varies from the mild to the rare, severe and its treatment of choice is frenulotomy. Theoretically tongue-tie can affect expression of alveolar sounds. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the degree of articulation problem and to evaluate the efficacy of frenulotomy itself on alveolar sounds in tongue-tie patients. Materials and Methods : Prospectively, the authors performed preoperative and postoperative speech evaluation using picture consonants test for tongue-tie patients. Percentage of consonants correct(PCC), mean value of each alveolar phoneme depends on articulation site were evaluated. for exclusion of other articulatory improving factors except of frenulotomy itself, postoperative picture consonants test was performed 1 month after surgery. Results : Preoperative speech evaluation was performed to 37(male 21, female 16) patients and postoperative speech evaluation was performed to 17(male 9, female 8) patients, the other 20 patients were follow-up loss. Low PCC was observed in tongue-tie patients and PCC of female was higher an at of male in 2-4 years old patients. Overall PCC was improved after frenulotomy. Preoperative mean value of liquids and fricatives was lower than the other alveolar phonemes(p＜0.05) and it was improved postoperatively(p＜0.05). Conclusion : Frenulotomy itself can improve the articulation of liquids and fricatives on short follow-up. Speech therapy would be needful for improvement of the other alveolar phonemes.