• Title/Summary/Keyword: 중앙군

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An Analysis of the Psychiatric Characteristics of the Alopecia Areata in Female (여성 탈모증의 정신의학적 특성 분석)

  • Lee, Kil-Hong;Na, Chul;Lee, Young-Sik;Lee, Chang-Hoon;No, Byung-In;Hong, Chang-Kwon
    • Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.31-45
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    • 2000
  • Objectives : The present study was performed to reveal differences between female and male cases of alopecia in their alopecia related variables such as patterns of hair loss, psychiatric characteristics, associate illnesses, and methods of treatment, and to use them as basic materials for proper management and early prevention of the alopecia prone cases. Methods : In order to analysis the gender difference in hair losses, the subjects were divided into two subgroups as the 51 cases of female alopecia and the 42 cases of male alopecia, who had visited to the department of psychiatry consulted from the department of dermatology, Yongsan hopital, ChungAng University, Seoul, Korea, from January 1998 to December 1998. In data analysis, the subjects were statistically assesed by chi-squre test and analysis of varaiance, through SPSS-$PC^+$ 9.0V. Results : 1) Female subjects were more likely showed lower socio-economical level including lower eonomical level, lower educational level, or lower occupational level in their parent's job, were more likely to have larger number of siblings and to have many sisters comparison to the male cases. 2) Female subjects were more likely visited to the department of dermatology, more history of alopecia in their female family members, lesser history of alopecia in their male family members, more loss of hairs in vertex or frontal region of scalp, lesser loss of hairs in occipital region, and lesser nail changes in comparison to the male cases. 3) Female subjects were more suffered from intra-familial conflicts and economical changes, or their introverted personality makeup, lesser likely suffered from changes of business and health changes, and showed lesser conflicts related with poorer adaptaion in their job life. 4) Female subjects were more likely diagnosed as depression or conversion disorders, more frequently complaint anxiety symptoms or depressive symptoms, higher level of anxiety index, lesser complaint somatization or obsessive compulsive symptoms, and lesser diagnosed as anxiety disorder in comparison to the male cases. 5) Female subjects were more likely tended to show personality makeup such as the introverted, the lie, the repressed, or the feminine trends than the male cases. 6) Female subjects were more significantly treated by antianxiety drug such as etizolam and dermatological therapies include tretinoin, and lesser treated by clotiazepam and prednicarbonate in comparison to the male cases. Conclusion : From the facts that The most important factors in developing hair loss in the female subjects in comparison to the male cases seems to be closely correlated with the serious psychopathology such as the presence of mental disorders including depression, the presence of complaining anxiety or depressive symptomatology, the presence of stressful life events such as intrafamilial life changes, and the presence of personality makeup such as the introverted, the lie, the repressed, or the feminine trends, the authors confirmed that dermatologists act as the primary care physician are in a unique position to recognize psychiatric comorbidity and execute meaningful intervention for female patients with the alopecia with psychiatrists.

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A Study on the Mineral Content of Calcium-fortified Foods in Korea (우리나라의 칼슘강화식품의 무기질 함량에 관한 연구)

  • 김욱희;김을상
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.96-101
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    • 2003
  • This study was done to analyze the contents of minerals, to compare the measured values of calcium and the labeled values in food labeling and to analyze the ratio of calcium to other minerals in 43 calcium-fortified Food products sold in markets in Seoul, Korea. Content of minerals such as Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Cu, Zn was measured by atomic absorption or colorimetric method after dry-ashing or wet-ashing. The measured values of calcium were ranged 65.5~343.9% of the labeled values in 43 calcium-fortified products. In 21 calcium-fortified food products, the measured calcium values were ranged 120~160% of the labeled values, and in three drinks those were less than 80% of the labeled, which is not acceptable to the food regulation. The ratios of Ca:P were 2.63$\pm$1.99 (mean$\pm$SD) in grain Products, 1.79$\pm$0.39 in Ramyuns, 2.80$\pm$0.53 in retort pouch food products and 8.35$\pm$12.87 in drinks. The Ca:Fe ratios were 126.33$\pm$44.36 in grain products, 130.65$\pm$34.67 in Ramyuns, 120.31$\pm$71.15 in retort pouch food products and 700.25$\pm$553.70 in drinks. The ratios of Ca:Mg were 11.86$\pm$5.40 in grain products, 9.29$\pm$1.34 in Ramyuns, 9.09$\pm$2.09 in retort pouch food products and 32.50$\pm$41.35 in drinks. The P:Mg ratios were 4.11$\pm$1.54 in grain products, 4.17$\pm$0.67 in Ramyuns, 2.58$\pm$0.45 in retort pouch food Products and 2.59$\pm$2.50 in drinks. These results suggest calcium contents and the ratio of calcium contents to other minerals in calcium-fortified food products should be strictly controlled.

3-D Finite element stress analysis in screw-type, cement-type, and combined-type implant fixed partial denture designs (임플란트 상부보철물의 유지형태에 따른 3차원 유한요소 응력분석)

  • Lee, Sung-Chun;Kim, Seok-Gyu
    • The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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    • v.47 no.4
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    • pp.365-375
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    • 2009
  • Statement of problems: Stress analysis on implant components of the combined screw- and cement-retained implant prosthesis has not investigated yet. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the load distribution characteristics of implant prostheses with the different prosthodontic retention types, such as cement-type, screw-type and combined type by using 3-dimensional finite element analysis. Material and methods: A 3-dimensional finite element model was created in which two SS II implants (Osstem Co. Ltd.) were placed in the areas of the first premolar and the first molar in the mandible, and three-unit fixed partial dentures with four different retention types were fabricated on the two SS II implants. Model 1 was a cement-retained implant restoration made on two cement-retained type abutments (Comocta abutment; Osstem Co. Ltd.), and Model 2 was a screw-retained implant restoration made on the screw-retained type abutments (Octa abutment; Osstem Co. Ltd.). Model 3 was a combined type implant restoration made on the cement-retained type abutment (Comocta abutment) for the first molar and the screw-retained type abutment (Octa abutment) for the first premolar. Lastly, Model 4 was a combined type implant restoration made on the screw-retained type abutment (Octa abutment) for the first molar and the cement-retained type abutment (Comocta abutment) for the first premolar. Average masticatory force was applied on the central fossa in a vertical direction, and on the buccal cusp in a vertical and oblique direction for each model. Von-Mises stress patterns on alveolar bone, implant body, abutment, abutment screw, and prosthetic screw around implant prostheses were evaluated through 3-dimensional finite element analysis. Results: Model 2 showed the lowest von Mises stress. In all models, the von Mises stress distribution of cortical bone, cancellous bone and implant body showed the similar pattern. Regardless of loading conditions and type of abutment system, the stress of bone was concentrated on the cortical bone. The von-Mises stress on abutment, abutment screw, and prosthetic screw showed the lower values for the screw-retained type abutment than for the cement-retained type abutment regardless of the model type. There was little reciprocal effect of the abutment system between the molar and the premolar position. For all models, buccal cusp oblique loading caused the largest stress, followed by buccal cusp vertical loading and center vertical loading. Conclusion: Within the limitation of the FEA study, the combined type implant prosthesis did not demonstrate more stress around implant components than the cement type implant prosthesis. Under the assumption of ideal passive fit, the screw-type implant prosthesis showed the east stress around implant components.