• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.84-99
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• 1998

As a part of closed-loop guidance law studies for anti-ballistic missile defense, a mid-course guidance law is proposed to engage the target with the predetermined attitude for increased terminal effectiveness. The proposed guidance law is based on the predicted target position calculated from a simplified solution of target motion and the estimates of an extended Kalman filter utilizing noisy nonlinear radar measurements. Extension of the proposed mid-course guidance to 3 dimensional engagements are also studied. Performance of the proposed mid-course guidance law together with a terminal guidance law in the form of conventional proportional navigation guidance is evaluated by a series of simulation studies.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.77-82
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• 2004

This paper presents polar converting logic(PCL) of BTT missiles against slowly moving or stationary targets. A guidance commands expressed in rectangular coordinates must be converted in the form of polar coordinates for BTT control. Since conventional PCL has nonlinear and discontinuous function, the missiles may lose controllability when pitch acceleration command equals to zero. Further, roll coupling may have a serious unstabilizing influence on homing guidance with two gimbals seeker. In this paper, a linear homotopy equation is introduced to improve the controllability and a command following performance at midcourse phase. We also design a PCL which is less sensitive to pitch acceleration command so that it may improve the stability of the homing loop. To substantiate our conclusion, results of the computer simulation have been illustrated.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.46 no.10
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• pp.814-822
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• 2018

This paper proposes a guidance law for missiles with control time constraint. Because the proposed guidance law is based on a time-to-go polynomial, it has a generalized form. Also, acceleration of the proposed law converges to zero at the end of the control time, which reduces the sensitivity to the time-to-go estimation error and can increase the flight stability when the separation of the missile appears. A prediction method of the time-to-go is proposed for implementing the proposed law, and the possibility of application to the midcourse and terminal guidance phases is dealt with for exoatmospheric interception. The characteristics and performance of the proposed law are analyzed throughout various simulations.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.582-590
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• 2020

This paper presents the results of new error analysis on the veering of marine target with the concept of frequency of occurrence, and shows how to apply the midcourse guidance errors of anti-ship missile. The veering error would be a dominant factor in the midcourse guidance errors with flight time increase. This study suggests the reasonable application method of the veering error based on the characteristics of abnormal error, and describes the tailoring method including trade-off between the midcourse guidance range of veering target and the value of frequency of occurrence on veering error.

• KIPE Magazine
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.15-19
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• 2005

• The monthly packaging world
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• s.38
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• pp.102-103
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• 1996

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.105-105
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• 2002

염색체의 구조적 이상으로 인한 습관성 유산과 기형아의 출산을 예방하기 위해 착상전 배아에서 할구를 분석하여 정상적인 핵형을 가진 배아만을 이식하는 착상전 유전자 진단 (preimplantation genetic diagnosis, PGD)의 성공적인 임상 적용이 보고되고 있으며, 그 적용 범위가 확대되고 있다. 그러나 일반적인 간기의 핵상을 이용한 PGD에서는 형광직접보합법 probe의 제약으로 보인자와 정상적인 핵형을 구분할 수 없는 단점이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 보다 정확한 PGD를 위해 생쥐 배아를 이용하여 분리한 할구에서 중기 염색체상을 획득하기 위해 미세소관 (microtubule) 형성 저해제를 처리하였으며, 이를 통해 확립된 방법을 인간의 PGD에 적용하고자 하였다. 과배란이 유도된 ICR 생쥐에서 4- 또는 8-세포기 배아를 수획하여 colcemid, nocodazole, vinblastine을 각각 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 5.0$\mu$M을 처리하고, hoechst 33342로 염색하여 핵상을 관찰하여 최적의 농도를 결정하였다. 또한 각 미세소관 형성 저해제를 혼합 처리하여 가장 높은 중기 염색체상을 획득할 수 있는 혼합 처리를 결정하였다. 이렇게 결정된 혼합 처리 방법을 인간의 체외 수정 및 배아 이식술에서 획득된 3PN 배아에 처리하여 중기 염색체를 획득하였다. Colcemid, nocodazole, vinblastine 모두 1 $\mu$M이 최적 농도임을 확인할 수 있었다 (각각 96.3%, 92.0%, 98,4%). 미세소관 형성저해제를 혼합 처리하였을 경우 nocodazole과 vinblastine (각각 1$\mu$M)을 혼합 처리했을 때 중기 염색체 획득률(97.3%)이 가장 높았다. 인간의 3PN 배아에 1$\mu$M의 nocodazole과 vinblastine을 혼합 처리한 후, 113개의 할구를 분석하여 44개(38.9%)의 할구에서 중기 염색체를 확인할 수 있었다. 본 실험 결과를 통해 중기 염색체를 획득하기 위하여 미세소관 형성 저해제를 처리하는 방법은 생쥐의 배아에서는 효과적이지만, 인간의 배아에서는 그 효율이 다소 낮음을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 이 방법을 개선하여 인간의 할구에서 중기 염색체의 획득률을 높이고, 이를 염색체의 구조적 이상에 대한 착상전 유전자 진단에 적용한다면, 보인자와 정상의 핵상을 구분하여 정상의 핵상만을 갖는 배아의 이식을 통하여 더욱 정확한 착상전 유전자 진단을 시행할 수 있으리라 사료된다.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2024

This paper applies a relative impact angle control guidance law to a communication-based multi-missile network system with uncertainties and disturbances. The multi-missile network system is represented as a transitive reduction directed acyclic graph. Furthermore, this paper introduces both centralized and decentralized guidance laws based on the graph's structure. The relationship between these guidance laws is analyzed by comparing them based on the communication structure and the presence of system noise. To analyze the effects of decentralized optimal cooperative guidance law, this paper assumes uncertainty in missile dynamics and predicted impact point information for the relative impact angle control mission. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted for various mission environments to analyze the impact of communication and its structure on the system.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 1987

The purpose of this paper to present morphological normal chick chromosomes and develope avian cytogenetic techniques including chromosome preparation and banding technique. The early chick embryos provide a consistent source of material with hish mitotic cells. Although chick embryo tissue gives excellent preparations, the 4-5 days embryo is somewhat incovenient materials, Most imp of ant for avian Chromosome analysis are the technical protocols to achieve adequate preservation, spreading, and staining of the full chromosome complement. To precise chromosome analysis, pro-metaphase states are required. Best results of banding will be obtained from air dried slides prepared from early chick embryos that have been aged at least 1 week. Good G-banding differentiation is achieved by adequate trypsin digestion fellowed by staining in Goe,sa dye. The results of C-banding is influenced by many factors including the conditions of Ba(OH)$_2$, HCl treatment, and state of rinsing. In addition to precisely interprets banding patterns, the densitometric analysis is recommended.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.884-890
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• 2008

A new guidance law to reach circular target area with grazing angle constraint is proposed as one of midcourse guidance laws of unmanned air vehicles. The purpose of the law is to control the grazing angle between the velocity vector of the vehicle and the line of sight to the aiming point, the center of the circular target area, when the vehicle passes any point on the circle. The optimal solution is derived based on the optimal control theory minimizing a range weighted control energy subject to the nonlinear dynamic equations of the vehicle approaching to the circular target area with grazing angle constraint. The major properties including a convergence of the solution are examined and the performance of the law applied to some typical scenarios is shown by the numerical simulation.