• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.216-222
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: This study was performed to evaluate the effects of environmental factors and heavy metals on the growth and phosphorus removal capacity of Alcaligenes sp., which was well known as one of PAOs(Phosphorus Accumulating Microorganisms). METHODS AND RESULTS: The environmental factors used in this study were temperature, pH and carbon sources, and the heavy metals included Cu, Cd, Zn, As, and Ni. The growth and P removal efficiency of Alcaligenes sp. was maximal as temperature, pH, and carbon source were $25^{\circ}C$, 7, and glucose+acetate, respectively. Also, the $IC_{50}$(median inhibitory Concentration) values of Alcaligenes sp. for the Cu, Cd, Zn, As, and Ni were 5.03, 0.08, 0.73, 282.20 and 4.74 mg/L, respectively. CONCLUSION(S): Based on the results obtained from this study, it appears that the growth and P removal efficiency of Alcaligenes sp. were affected by the environment factors and at the best optimum condition for its growth and P removal efficiency, as the concentrations of heavy metals were gradually increased, its growth was correspondingly decreased.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 1997.05a
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• pp.116-119
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• 1997

광산지 및 쓰레기매립지의 오염토양을 정화하는데 식물의 이용가능성을 평가하기 위하여 강원도, 경상북도 지역에 분포하는 17곳의 폐광산과 강원도에 분포하는 농촌형 일반 쓰레기매립지 6곳을 대상으로 광산지와 매립지의 토양 특성을 조사하고, 서식 식물종의 오염 물질 제거 능력과 개척종으로서의 가능성을 평가하였다. 광산지 토양의 경우 산성화가 진행된 곳이 많았고, 중금속함유량도 전국 토양의 평균함유량보다 훨씬 높게 나타났으나, 매립지의 경우 약알카리성 토양이 많았고, 광산지와 달리 중금속 오염의 우려는 없었다. 오염토양에 서식하는 쑥을 포함한 14종의 식물체중에서 오염토양정화기술에 이용 가능한 유용식물로 Aremisia princeps(쑥), Micanthus sinensis(억새), Oenanthera odorata(달맞이 꽃)등이 중금속의 흡수력과 지상부로의 이행력이 큰 식물종으로 나타나 phytoremediation에 있어서 개척종으로 이용가능할 것으로 판단되었다.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.17-26
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• 2014

In this study, the adsorption efficiency of mixed heavy metals from an aqueous solution was examined using bentonite. The physical and chemical properties of bentonite was analyzed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Further, heavy metal adsorption was characterized using Freundlich and Langmuir equations. Equilibrium adsorption data were fitted well to the Langmuir model for bentonite. The adsorption uptake of heavy metals was high and followed the order $Pb^{2+}$ > $Cu^{2+}$ > $Cd^{2+}$ > $$Zn^{2+}{\sim_=}Ni^{2+}$$. The results also showed that adsorption uptake slightly increased as increasing pH from 6 to 10. The bentonite surface was observed viay SEM and FT-IR; Si-O and Si-O-Al were found to be the main functional groups by FT-IR analysis. From these results, the adsorption mechanisms of heavy metal were not only surface adsorption and ion exchange, but also surface precipitation. Thus, bentonite could be a useful adsorbent for treating heavy metal in aqueous solution.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.28-35
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• 1997

Adsorption properities of hcavy metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn) and organic compounds (Trichloroethylene and T Tetrachroethy len려 on sh$\xi$1I( oyster and ark shell) were investigated using wat$\xi$r treatment matenals, The shell powder (m띠or C crystal structurc is calcium hydroxide) showed the preference adsorption for heavy metals in order of Mn > Zn > Fe > Cd > eu > P Pb. The high removal capacities of heavy metals arc helicved to be largely due to precipitation by foonation of metal c carhonat,잃 and hydroxides at high pH caused by the $Ca(OH)_2$ component of sl1ell, immobilizatIon of heavy metals in a solid I matrix by calcium‘ and fixation by insoluble organic materials in the oystcr and ark shell. The use of sh려I in water treatment h has the potential to bc benefIcial as a source of inexpensive matcrials‘ moreover, not only treatment of waste but also e environmcntal business including environmental-purification ceramics could be better off by utili낌ng high-valued waste and d developed puri'fication ceramics and media.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2001

Accumulation, elimination and subcellular distribution of heavy metals in Littorina brevicula exposed to cadmium and zinc separately and concurrently were investigated. When the winkles had been exposed to 400 ㎍/L CdCl₂ and 3000 ㎍/l ZnSO₄ separately for 90 days, each of the metal body burden in the whole sofl parts increased in proportion to time of exposure until 70 days. But it didn't increase after 70 days. But when the winkles had been exposed to cadmium and zinc simultaneously, cadmium body burden decreased but zinc body burden increased as compared to the winkles exposed to each of the metal. We also found that cadmium accumulated in the winkles was not depurated for 42 days, but zinc accumulated in them was depurated. Especially, zinc was depurated faster when they had been exposed to mixture of cadmium and zinc. After the winkles had been exposed to cadmium and zinc separately for 70 days, about 60% cadmium of the total body burden was associated with the soluble fraction, while about 75% zinc of the total body burden was associated with insoluble fraction. And these trends of metal partitioning did not alter when the winkles had been exposed to metal mixture. After the soluble fraction applied to gel-filtration chromatography column, the distribution patterns of cadmium and zinc associated with proteins or ligands were different each other. Most of cadmium (＞90%) in the soluble fraction was bound to MBP-1 (Metal-binding protein-1), about 6.5 kDa), while zinc was distributed evenly to HMW (High molecular weight fraction, >60 kDa), MBP-1, MBP-2 (about 5 kDa), LMW (Low molecular weight fraction, <1 kDa).

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.5-11
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• 2015

The double sheeted permeable reactive barrier containing two different reactive materials can be applied to remediate the groundwater contaminated by nutrients and heavy metals. In this study, in order to evaluate the removal efficiency of contaminants including ammonium, cadmium and phosphate by double layered permeable reactive barrier containing zeolite and steelmaking slag, column tests were performed. In addition, nonequilibrium reaction in column tests was analyzed by two-site nonequilibrium advection-dispersion model. Column test results showed that zeolite is effective for removal of ammonium, while steelmaking slag is effective for removal of phosphate and cadmium. The sequential reaction of zeolite and steelmaking slag gave the better removal efficiency for ammonium.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.226-232
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• 2019

The biological wastewater treatment is more eco-friendly and can be used effectively in wastewater for a variety of purposes than that of the conventional treatment. In particular, the wastewater treatment using microalgae in biological treatment processes has attracted great attention due to its ability to remove economically nutrients from wastewater and have many advantages as a renewable energy source. This study was investigated to establish the optimal growth conditions for microalga Scenedesmus obliquus. Additionally, the removal efficiencies of nutrients (N, P) and heavy metals (Cu, Zn) from the synthetic wastewater were evaluated. As a results, the optimal growth conditions were established at $28^{\circ}C$, pH 7, and light and dark cycle of 14 : 10 h. In the evaluation of nutrient removal efficiencies at each concentrations of 500, 1,000, 5,000, and 10,000 mg/L, the removal rates were 17.6~70% N and 8.4~34% P in the single treatment and 12.0~58.0% N and 3.0~40.3% P in the binary mixture treatment. In addition, the evaluation of heavy metal removal efficiencies at each concentrations of 10, 30 and 50 mg/L, the removal rates were 13.7~40.3% Cu and 10.0~30.0% Zn in the single treatment and 16.0~40.0% Cu and 12.0~20.0% Zn in the binary mixture treatment. Based on the results of the study, it appears that Scenedesmus obliquus can be used for the removal of nutrients and heavy metals from the swine wastewater.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.122-129
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• 2002

The removal rate of heavy metals from the wastewater, the accumulation and translocation of heavy metals in plants after transplanting, and the responses of water celery growth with different wastewater treatments were investigated to determine the potential ability of green-remediation with hydroponic culture of water celery. The removal rate and translocation of Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb from different wastewater to plants were compared with cultivation periods after transplanting. The removal rate of heavy metals from wastewater was different with each treatment but increased with growing periods of water celery plants. The removal rate of Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb in Artificial solution, Artificial solution+EDTA, Munmark industrical wastewater, Jungsun minewater is ranged from 22 to 73%, from 28 to 100%, from 13 to 92% and from 41 to 100% at 6 days after transplanting, respectively. The translocations of Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb from roots to shoots in Artificial solution, Artificial solution+EDTA, Munmark industrical wastewater, Jungsun minewater are ranged from 14 to 28%. 8 to 30%. from 28 to 45% and from 2 to 15% at 12 days after transplanting, respectively. In plant growth responses, it appears to be inhibited the plant growth over all treatments excepts for Munmark industrial wastewater in these glowing periods. Therefore the water celery might play a useful role in phytoremediation to clean up wastewater contaminated with Cd, Cu, Ni or Pb.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.443-446
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• 2008

본 연구는 과산화수소를 이용하여 디젤오염토양의 처리시 중금속 용출특성, 백연가스 발생특성 등을 평가하기 위하여 실험을 하였다. 중금속 용출속도는 반응시간 15분까지 용출이 지속적으로 증가하다가, 15분 이후 점차적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 이러한 과산화수소(H$_2$O$_2$) 처리방법은 토양내 중금속 용출속도를 가속화시켜 실제 현장에서 적용될 경우 이로 인하여 지하수에 심각한 영향을 미칠 수 있으므로 ex-situ 방법 등과 같은 방법을 고려한 2차 오염에 대한 대책이 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 백연가스의 발생량은 과산화수소의 농도가 높을수록 많이 발생하는 것으로 관찰되었으며, 이는 높은 농도의 과산화수소와 유류오염토양이 급격하게 반응하기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 백연가스 중 Hexane이 가장 높은 농도로 검출되었으며, 이 외에도 Cyclopentane, Benzene, Ethylbenzene, m,p-Xylene, Undecane 등이 많이 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 백연가스 중에 함유된 고농도의 휘발성유기화합물(VOCs)이 주변 환경에 유해한 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상되므로 적절한 대기오염방지시설을 설치하여 제거한 후 대기로 방출하는 것이 필요하다고 판단된다.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.692-697
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• 2015

In this study, the reduction efficiencies of leachate heavy metal levels were investigated by adding $Al_2O_3$ and CaO to the bottom ash to observe their effects on the heavy metals leachate reduction efficiency. The ratio of $Al_2O_3$ and CaO contents were varied by 10~40% (W/W) alongside different curing time of 7 and 28 days. The reduction efficiencies of leachate heavy metal levels were estimated to be 69.3% for Cu and 52.1% for Pb during the curing time of 7 days. For the curing time of 28 days, the efficiencies changed to 85.2 and 100% for Cu and Pb, respectively. It was thus confirmed that the high reduction efficiency could be obtained as the curing time increased.