• Title/Summary/Keyword: 중국산

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Cosmetical Properties of Polysccharides from the Root Bark of Ulmus davidiana var. Japonica (유근피로부터 추출한 다당류의 화장료적 특성)

  • Kim Young Sil;Kim Jong Heon;Kim Ki Ho
    • Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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    • v.30 no.4 s.48
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    • pp.509-514
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    • 2004
  • The fruit or root of Ulmus davidiana var. Japonica and its extract has traditionally been used as anti inflammatation medicines as well as a remedy of the digestive ulcer for a long time. Ulmus davidiana var. Japonica has also been used to cure palliative and diuresis, because it contains lot of mucus and tannin. In this study, we examined the moisturizing effect and anti-inflammation effect of polysaccharides extracted from Ulmus davidiana var. Japonica to investigated whether it can be used as a cosmetic ingredient or not. The polysaccharides were extracted from Ulmus davidiana var. Japonica. Then the hydrolyzed was obtained through the hydrolysis. It has been ascertained that the polysaccharides we mainly composed of rhamnose, galactose, and glucose through HPLC experiments, and it has 20,000 of the molecular weight and 89.3 dL/g of intrinsic viscosity In a moisturizing test of measuring water loss in a desiccator and moisture content by Comeometer CM820, Ulmus davidiana root extract showed a similar moisturizing effect as hyaluronic acid. And its anti-inflammation effect on carrageenin-induced edema evaluated by measuring the thickness of swelling over paw induced by carrageenin (25 uL of $2\%$ carrageenin saline injection), the $\%$ swelling over paw treated with Ulmus davidiana root extract was much less than that of paw treated with carrageenin only. The anti-inflammatory effect of Ulmus davidiana root extract was almost similar to that of ketoprofen. These results can say that Ulmus davidiana root extract can be effectively used as a cosmetic ingredient.

Numerical Taxonomic Study on Five Species of Genus Apodemus in East Asia (동아시아산 붉은쥐속 5종의 형태형질의 수리분류학적 연구)

  • 고흥선;천태영;김영기
    • Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.165-174
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    • 1999
  • Specimens of five species of Apodemus(A. agrarius, A. chevrieri, A. draco, A. latronum, and A. peninsulae) from east Asia (Korea and China) were used for numerical taxonomic analyses with 31 external and cranial characters. Two groups and eight subgroups within them were recognized: [I; a large-size form; (A. agrarius chejuensis), (A. chevrieri), (A. draco orestes and A. latronum), and(A. peninsulae peninsulae and A. p. preator)], [II; a small-size form; (A. agrarius coreae), (A. agrarius manchuricus, A. a. ningpoensis, and A. a. pallidior), (A. draco draco), and (A. peninsulae sowerbyi)]. Conclusions based on morphometric analyses are such as followings: 1) Morphometric characters appeared not to be useful in order to distinguish two subgenera in Apodemus (Apodemus and Alsomys), 2) further analysis is necessary to determine whether or not A. draco and A. latronum are conspecific, and 3) A. a. chejuensis is in morphometric characters the largest form among five species of Apodemus studied. Moreover, it is confirmed: 1) A. agrarius, A. chevrieri, and A. peninsulae are distinct species, 2) A. draco and A. latronum are not conspecific with A. peninsulae. 3) Three forms of A. agrarius (large-size form, medium-size form, and small-size form) can be recognized as three subspecies [(A. a. chejuensis), (A. agrarius coreae), and (A, a, ningpoensis including A. a. manchuricus and A. a. pallidior)], 4)A. draco draco and A. draco orestes are distinct subspecies, 5) A. peninsulae peninsulae (including A. p. preator) and A. p. sowerbyi are distinct subspecies.

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The Cultural Status and the Industrial Prospects on Blueberry (블루베리 재배 현황 및 사업화 전망)

  • Song, Gi-Cheol
    • Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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    • 2012.05a
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    • pp.9-9
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    • 2012
  • 블루베리는 진달래 과(Ericaceae) 산앵도나무 속(Vaccinium)의 낙엽성 또는 상록성의 저수고성 또는 반교목성의 과수로, 뉴욕 타임즈가 선정한 세계 10대 장수식품의 하나로 알려져 있다. 우리나라에는 전부터 정금나무, 월귤나무, 모새나무, 산앵도나무 등이 자생하고 있으나, 경제적인 가치가 있는 종은 Vaccinium Cyanococcus로 북미지역에서 육성된 품종들이 들어와 재배되고 있다. 처음 도입된 해는 1965년경으로 지금도 40년 이상 된 나무들이 있고, 상업적으로 재배되기 시작한 것은 2000년이고 공식적인 연구는 2004년 국립원예특작과학원에서 시작되었다. 한국블루베리협회 소식지에 주기적으로 기록되기 시작한 재배면적은, 2007년 112ha, 2008년 217ha, 2009년 313ha, 2010년 534ha이었다가 2011년 1,082ha로 크게 증가하였다. 시도별 재배면적은, 전북이 254ha로 가장 많았고, 충남 186ha, 전남 169ha, 경북 157ha, 충북 118ha, 경기 90ha, 경남 58ha, 강원 47ha, 제주 4ha 순이었다. 특히 2010년부터 2011년까지 한 해 동안 블루베리 재배면적이 크게 증가한 것은 각종 언론매체에서 블루베리 기능성에 대한 홍보와 소비자의 인식 증가와 더불어 새로운 소득 작물로 농가 수요가 확대되었기 때문이다. 이는 블루베리 묘목의 수입이 2009년 327천주에서 2010년 702천주로 크게 증가한 것으로도 알 수 있다. 아울러, 국내로 수입되는 냉동과, 건조과의 수입량도 큰 폭으로 증가하였다. 냉동 블루베리 수입량은 2009년 812톤에서 2010년 4,700톤으로 대폭 증가하였는데, 주요 수입 국가는 미국(3,931톤), 캐나다(557톤), 프랑스(70톤), 태국(18톤), 중국(16톤) 등으로 주스 등 가공품 시장의 수요 증가에 따른 것이다. 건조 블루베리의 수입도 2009년 14톤에서 2010년 54톤으로 증가하였다. 2011년 국내산 블루베리 가격은 생과 1kg에 40,000~50,000원선이었으나 35,000원에 판매하는 농장도 있었고, 냉동과를 62,000원도 판매하는 농장도 있었다. 미국 오레곤 주에서 생산한 블루베리 생과가 금년 7월부터 91톤에서 227톤 정도 수입될 것으로 예상된다. 블루베리의 국내 생산량이 많아지고 수입까지 되면, 농업인들은 더욱 품질 좋은 과실을 생산하도록 노력해야 하고, 잼, 식초, 와인 등의 가공식품 외에 과자, 케익, 머핀 등 베이커리용으로 많이 소비되도록 하며, 지역의 다른 상품들과 연계하여 찾아가고 싶은 관광 개발 등으로 소비 촉진을 위해 고심해야 할 것이다.

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The Intention to Play Online Games in China (중국 게이머의 온라인게임 참여의도에 관한 연구)

  • Yoon, Ki-Chang;Xu, Hasisheng;Lim, Dal-Ho
    • The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.63-72
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    • 2018
  • Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of online game properties, social interaction, and player satisfaction on intention to online games in Chinese gamers. Research design, data, and methodology - This study is an empirical analysis assuming that properties of online games, social interaction and satisfaction will induce Chinese gamers' intention to play online games. We set the relationship between the six variables as follows. First, the properties of online games, exogenous variables, were identified by three factors: entertainment, security, participation and challenge. Second, we had input social interaction among gamers as another exogenous variables. Third, the gamer's satisfaction of online games was added to the research model as a mediating variable between exogenous variables and endogenous variables. Finally, gamer's intention to play influenced by satisfaction and social interaction was used as final endogenous variable. The data used for the empirical analysis were collected through questionnaires for Chinese under age 35 who enjoy the online games. The data used in the research were finally extracted from 195 questionnaires. The collected data were tested through the analysis of the measurement model (Step 1) and the analysis of the structural model (Step 2). The covariance structure equation model (SEM) was used for the analysis. The measurement model and structural model were evaluated by the maximum likelihood method. Results - The results of the empirical analysis are as follows. The satisfaction of online games were entertainment and security had a significant effect to satisfaction; but participation and challenge and social interaction had no significant effect on satisfaction. The social interaction among gamers and the satisfaction with online games have a significant influence on the intention to play online games. As a result, the attributes of the game were affecting the intention to play the game after satisfaction. Social interaction influenced the intention to play online games rather than satisfaction itself. Conclusions - This study provide some practical implications for the new companies who want to enter the online game industry and seek to competitiveness in China, and provide theoretical implications on the role of interaction among gamers in the study of online games.

The Present Situation and Development Methods of the Communication Industry in China (중국 통신산업의 현황과 전망)

  • Song, Yun-Tao;Lee, Jong-Ho
    • The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.73-82
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    • 2018
  • Purpose - Before the economic reforms, the Chinese communication industry was poorly developed. After China's entering to WTO, the Chinese market were gradually opened, domestic companies will be faced with more and more pressures of competition from the world rival countries. As time goes on, the overseas telecommunications companies will occupy the Chinese market with the opening of China Telecommunications market to outside. So this paper focuses on problems and development methods based on the research about the present situation and development methods of communication industry(communication manufacturing industry and communication manufacturing industry) in China. Research design, data, and methodology - This study analyzed the policies of China's entering to WTO. This paper observed previous researches and made an empirical research on Chinese communication industry based on the governmental policies, strategies, books and previous papers with several kinds of clear data announced formally by China authorities. Results - Most recently, reorganization of the communication industry has brought good opportunities for the development of the communication manufacturing enterprises. This paper analyze policy changes of Chinese communication industry, the status of communication manufacturing industry and communication service industry. Finally, this study for further research analyzes the existing problems and puts forward some practicable measures to solve them. Conclusions - Looking ahead, with China's rapid economic development and steady deepening of reform and opening-up, the Chinese communication industry is faced with an even broader prospect of development. Chinese communication industry will be become the pillar one in national economy after 10 years development. Foreign communication companies accelerated investment and progresses to Chinese information and communication markets. Positive ones are more foreign investment, export increase, domestic innovation, communication industry made steep growth. But negative ones are obstacles of domestic companies' development and jobless rate increase etc. Second communication manufacturing industry made good development, but computer and TV related industry made decline in growth. Third, market sizes of internet and mobile services are growing but the size of wired communication services is downsizing gradually. To overcome them, the studies of components or parts of communication manufacturing industry are needed individually. Second China Unicom, China Telecom, China Mobile etc. are Chinese representatives. The sales volumes are very similar at the beginning, but now they are different and make big differences. So the analysis about, their differences and its impact, are needed.

Using Choice-Based Conjoint Analysis in the China Market of Imported Beer (선택형 컨조인트 분석을 이용한 중국 수입맥주 시장에 관한 연구)

  • Gao, Zhihua;Wu, Zhangjian;Gao, Feng;Zhang, Jun
    • The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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    • v.9 no.6
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    • pp.57-64
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    • 2018
  • Purpose - With the rapid economic development, great changes have happened in the Chinese beer market. The scale of imported beer is increasing. However, the sales of native Chinese beer decrease in recent years. It is because more Chinese customers prefer beer with unique attributes than those with lower prices. In order to take an advantage in this market, practitioners should develop new products to satisfy Chinese customers. Scholars have also focused on beer characteristics to estimate consumers' behavior for improving the development of beer industry. However, most studies are theoretically centered on marketing strategy management or general understanding of the market. It is not enough for us to explain customers' consumption patterns. Some empirical research did attempt to find out beer attributes that may influence their choice behavior. However, they failed to verify what can increase customers' utility through a new product. More importantly, few evidences can be found in the literature. Therefore this study explores the major characteristics of imported beer which may associate with customers' preferences. Research design, data, and methodology - With the results of literature review and focus group interview, we found out four main imported beer attributes and the levels of each factor. A pre-test is constructed to check the problems in the questionnaire protocol. With the results of pre-test, the revised questionnaire is processed among customers who have purchased and had imported beer in China regions such as Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Guangdong and so on. The choice-based conjoint analysis is applied to analyze the useful data of 205. Results - Results indicate that choice-based conjoint analysis is the effective method to estimate customers' choice behavior. Results also indicate that country of origin, price, taste, and package affect customers' preference and the importances of imported beer attributes are significantly different. Conclusions - Country of origin, price, taste, and package are important for customers to make an imported beer choice decision. Marketers should consider these determinants and their importance to develop new products. Moreover, choice-based conjoint analysis should be the useful method for practitioners to develop a new product of imported beer for sustainable business in the competitive industry.

Origin and Developing Process of Ark-shell Culture Industry in Korea (우리나라 꼬막양식업의 발상과 발달과정)

  • BAE Su-Whan
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.72-82
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    • 1986
  • There were three important species among the marine organisms which were cultured in the inter tidal zone in the old days, and an ark-shell was one of them. Exaiming old books and reports concerning fishery were made in order to reveal the history and industrial trend of ark-shell culture. Ark-shell was called by the different names in the old days "Komak" and "Sohap". The name of Komak was originated in the southern coast area in the 1,700s, and from the begining of 18 century Komak was used only. Ark-shell was produced in all southern and western coast areas, where a little of fresh water flows into the calm inner sea and the intertidal zone is well developed. It was well known that ark-shells shell as well as its flesh took the effect of a medicine. Its culturing method in Korea seems to be derived from China in the beginning of 19 century, it was cultured first at the southern area of Chollanam-do. It was considered as the side business, but after Korean war it is produced on the basis of cooperative work, now its production is quite increased (more than $5,000\fra{M}{T}$) due to the goverments development policy.

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Phylogenetic analysis of 14 Korean Araliaceae species using chloroplast DNA barcode analysis (엽록체 DNA 바코드 분석을 통한 한국산 두릅나무과 식물 14종의 유연관계 분석)

  • Hwang, Hwan Su;Choi, Yong Eui
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • v.43 no.1
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    • pp.82-90
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    • 2016
  • Most Araliaceae plant species distributed in Korea are economically important because of their high medicinal values. This study was conducted to develop barcode markers from sequence analysis of chloroplast DNA in 14 taxa of Araliaceae species grown in South Korea. Sequencing of seven chloroplast DNA regions was performed to establish the DNA barcode markers, as suggested by the Consortium for the Barcode of Life (CBOL). From the sequence analysis of chloroplast DNA, we identified specific sequences and nucleotides that allowed us to discriminate among each other 14 Korean Araliaceae species. The sequence in the region of psbA-trnH revealed the most frequent DNA indels and substitutions of all 7 regions studied. This psbA-trnH marker alone can discriminate among all 14 species. There are no differences between Korean and Chinese Panax ginseng in all seven sequenced chloroplast DNA regions. A phylogenetic tree constructed using the seven chloroplast DNA regions revealed that Tetrapanax papyriferus should be classified as an independent clade. The Aralia and Panax genera showed a close phylogenetic relationship. Five species in the Eleutherococcus genus were more closely related to Kalopanax septemlobus than to any Panax species.

3D Modeling Approaches in Estimation of Resource and Production of Musan Iron Mine, North Korea (3차원 모델링을 활용한 북한 무산광산일대의 자원량 및 생산량 추정)

  • Bae, Sungji;Yu, Jaehyung;Koh, Sang-Mo;Heo, Chul-Ho
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.48 no.5
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    • pp.391-400
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    • 2015
  • Korea is a global steel producer and a major consumer while iron ore producing is very low compared to the demand. On the other hand, North Korea holds tremendous amount of iron reserves and, however, its producing rate is limited. Moreover, the data regarding mineral resources of North Korea is very limited and uncertain because of political isolation. This study estimated the amount of iron ore resource and production amount for the Musan Iron mine, the world-known open-pit mine of North Korea, using satellite imagery(Landsat MSS, ASTER) and digital maps between 1976 to 2007. As a result, the mining area of Musan mine was increased by $6.1km^2$ during the 30 years and the mining sector was estimated as $4.9km^2$. We estimated the iron resources and production amount of 0.7 and 0.2 billion metric tons, respectively based on 3D modeling and average iron ore density of Anshan formation in China. This amount indicates 8.1 million tons of annual average production and it coincides well with previous reports. We expect this study would be utilized significantly on inter-Korean exchange programs by providing trustable preliminary data.

Seasonal Prevalence of Mosquitoes and Ecological Characteristics of Anopheline Larval Occurrence in Gimpo, Gyeonggi Province, Republic of Korea (경기도 김포시 모기의 계절적 발생소장 및 얼룩날개모기 유충 발생원의 생태학적 특성)

  • Kim, Yong Ki;Lee, Cheol Min;Lee, Jeong Boon;Bae, Yang-Seop
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.51 no.4
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    • pp.305-312
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    • 2012
  • This study was conducted to elucidate the seasonal prevalence of adult mosquitoes and occurrence of anopheline larvae in Gimpo, Gyeonggi province, Republic of Korea. Sampling of adult mosquitoes was carried out 18 times from May to September in 2008, using light traps at six sites. A total of 48,919 individuals belonging to 16 species and 8 genera were collected. Aedes vexans nipponii (43%) was the most frequently collected, followed by Anopheles sinensis (34%) and Culex tritaeniorhynchus (14%). The seasonal prevalence of anopheline mosquitoes had a different occurrence compared to that of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. Anopheline larvae were collected using a standard dipper (size = of 350 ml) at eight habitat types of 203 point locations. Anopheline larvae were confirmed from 138 points (63%). The average larval population per dipper was highest in the lotus plantation (6.9 individuals), followed by irrigation channel (4.5 ind.), dropwort field (3.4 ind.), fallow field (3.1 ind.), paddy field (1.8 ind.), swamp (1.4 ind.), and stream (0.2 ind.). There was no significant relationship observed between larval density and DO, pH, salinity, or distance from blood meal hosts (cowshed, pigsty, chicken-house). In the results of average nearest neighbor analysis (ANNA), the distribution of whole points for mosquito larval collection was clustered, and points with over 4.0 larvae per dipper were randomly distributed. Within the study area Haseong-myeon, those points where over 3.0 larvae were collected were of a dispersed distribution.