• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the status of Scrub typhus, Leptospirosis and HFRS(hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome) among farmers with febrile illness. Methods: We involved a total of 841 farmers who had febrile illness(508 and 333 village residents were, respectively, three and four district of Gyeongju city) selected during autumn of 2014 and 2015. Data were collected by survey questionnaires and blood sample examination. Results: Serum response rate for Scrub typhus and Leptospirosis was 1.5% each and 1.9% for HFRS. Serum response rate for Scrub typhus was significantly higher for tick-bite cases(38.5%), while Leptospirosis was significantly higher for those who were in fruit-planting work(23.1%). Similarly, serum response rate was significantly higher for HFRS who were working in venyl green house work(25.0%). Conclusions: Government authority should develop effective and efficient preventive strategies to create awareness of infectious diseases among farmers. Extending information, education and communication be reached to farmers that could change their perception and help early diagnosis and treatment and reduce the disease burden and its complication.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.10-17
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• 2016

Purpose: The diagnosis of Kawasaki disease depends on clinical symptoms, which makes it difficult to diagnose early in patients with only cervical lymphadenopathy. The purpose of this study is to understand the clinical characteristics of cervical-lymph-node-first presentation of Kawasaki disease and compare them with those of typical Kawasaki disease. Methods: We surveyed 283 patients who were admitted to Hallym Sacred Heart Hospital and were diagnosed with Kawasaki disease from January 2012 to December 2014. The patients were divided into two groups: cervical-lymph-node-first presentation of Kawasaki disease (LKD, N=24) and typical Kawasaki disease (KD, N=259). The medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Results: The mean age of the LKD group was higher than that of the KD group (P=0.04). At admission, the LKD patients had on average 1.62 out of 5 symptoms, whereas the KD patients had 3.47. The time from fever to diagnosis and administration of IV immunoglobulin was longer in the LKD group than in the KD group (P<0.001). The mean C-reactive protein of the LKD group was higher than that of the KD group (P=0.01). There were no statistical differences in the presence of coronary artery complications between the two groups at two weeks or at two months after diagnosis (P=0.52, P=0.08). Conclusions: The Kawasaki disease patients with fever and cervical lymphadenopathy usually do not present obvious clinical symptoms, which makes it hard to diagnose in the early phase of disease. Clinician must pay attention when examining these patients.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.199-204
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• 2017

We introduced a technology for reducing infrared radiation through the active cooling of hot surfaces by using a thermoelectric refrigerator. Certain surfaces were heated by aerodynamic heating, and the heat generation processes are proposed here. We calculated the temperatures and radiations from surfaces, while using thermoelectric refrigerators to cool the surfaces. The results showed that the contrast between the radiations of certain surfaces and the ambient environments can be removed using thermoelectric refrigerators.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.17-24
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• 2011

Temperature gradient focusing (TGF) of analytes via Joule heating is achieved when electric field is applied along a microchannel of varying width. The effect of varying width of the microchannel for the focusing performance of the device was numerically studied. The governing equations were implemented into a quasi-1D numerical model along a microchannel. The validity of the numerical model was verified by a comparison between numerical and experimental results. The distributions of temperature, velocity, and concentration along a microchannel were predicted by the numerical results. The narrower middle width and wider outside width of the channel having the fixed length contribute to improve the focusing performance of the device. However, too narrow middle width of the channel generates a higher temperature which can cause the problems including sample denaturation and buffer solution boiling. Therefore, the channel geometry should be optimized to prevent these problems. The optimal widths of the microchannel for the improvement on TGF were proposed and this model can be easily applied to lab-on-a-chip (LOC) applications where focusing is required based on its simple design.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.261-266
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• 2011

In this paper, new efficient lighting control system for light devices is proposed to reduce power consumption and increases LED life-cycle and heat efficiency of LED lighting module. The new proposed lighting control system for light devices divides into 4 stages according to the illuminance surrounding by measuring illuminance and apply to automatic pattern lighting algorithm. And via level check will be light up for set time by applying intersection lighting algorithm of magic square pattern forming a fully symmetrical. Experimental analysis results, shows heating value and power consumption reduced to maximum 30 percent and lifetime of LED improved to maximum 60 percent in comparison with previous lighting system so applying system to LED streetlight, stable and high energy efficiency can be acquired.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.46-53
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• 2016

Purpose: Enterovirus (EV) infection in children can manifest various diseases from asymptomatic infection to nonspecific febrile illness, hand-foot-mouth disease, and aseptic meningitis. This study was aimed to investigate epidemiology and clinical significance of various genotypes of EV infections in pediatric inpatient. Methods: We collected the stool samples from the admitted pediatric patients in Inha University Hospital from March 2014 to March 2015. EV detection and genotype identification were performed by real-time RT-PCR and semi-nested RT-PCR. Phylogenetic trees were constructed by neighbor joining method. Results: A total of 400 samples were collected during study period and 112 patients (28%) were diagnosed with EV infections. The mean age of EV positive patients was 2.66 years (0.1-14) and sex ratio was 1.73:1. Genetic sequences of EVs were identified; coxsackievirus B5 (17, 15.2%), coxsackievirus A16 (13, 11.6%), enterovirus 71 (10, 8.9%), and coxsackievirus A2 (9, 8.0%). Nonspecific febrile illness (96, 86%) was the most common clinical manifestation and the duration of fever was 0-11 days (mean 3.1 days). Rash (44, 39%) and meningitis (43, 38%) were followed. Patients who were attending daycare center or had siblings accounted for 82.1%. Phylogenetic relationship tree revealed 6 distinct genogroups among 56 types of EVs. Conclusions: This study is the report of epidemiology, serotype distribution and clinical manifestations of children with EV infection in Incheon. This data will be helpful for further study about the epidemiology of EV infection in Korea.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.7
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• pp.785-790
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• 2009

Purpose : Febrile convulsions are a common pediatric neurological disease, and it is important to prevent such a disease by controlling the risk factors that may recur. A recent report states that influenza virus infections have a high probability of a relationship with febrile convulsions; therefore, it is necessary to identify the clinical properties of febrile convulsions in relation to domestic influenza virus infections. Methods : Between November 2005 and February 2008, children hospitalized because of febrile convulsions and subsequently confirmed to have influenza infections were enrolled as subjects (patient group, n=11). The control subjects were those admitted with influenza virus infections but no febrile convulsions (control group 1, n=46) and those who developed febrile convulsions without influenza virus infection (control group 2, n=53). Results : The patient group showed a higher maximum body temperature ($39.3{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$), more histories of past febrile convulsions (72.7%), and a shorter total duration of fever ($2.9{\pm}1.2$ days) than control group 1. When multivariate analysis was performed, the probability of febrile convulsions was found to be as high as 225.9 times in patients who had influenza virus infections with a past history of febrile convulsions (OR=225.9, 95% CI: 1.7-4780.0, P<0.05). When patients with febrile convulsions were compared based on the symptoms of influenza virus infections, the patient group showed a shorter duration of fever ($0.9{\pm}0.7$ days) before convulsion than control group 2; these convulsions were mostly a recurrence of febrile convulsions. When multivariate analysis was performed, the cases with a past history of febrile convulsions showed 5.5 times (OR=5.5, 95% CI: 1.2-25.1, P=0.03) the probability of convulsions when infected with the influenza virus, and this probability decreased by 0.3 times over one-day increments of the febrile period until febrile convulsions (95% CI: 0.1-0.9, P=0.02). Maximum body temperature, total duration of fever, family history of febrile convulsions, and complex febrile convulsions did not show a statistical significance. Conclusion : In cases of pediatric influenza virus infection, the past history of febrile convulsions could be identified within the risk factor of recurrent febrile convulsions. Therefore, influenza vaccination of children having a past history of febrile convulsions will be helpful to avoid the recurrence of these convulsions.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.11-20
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• 2010

This study carried out a Mock-up test to apply Low-heat Cement (CF) that is adjusted to a fineness of $3,000\;{\pm}\;200\;cm^2/g$ by substituting Coarse particle Cement (CC) and fly ash with ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), then applied it on-site. The result of the test is as follows. The Mock-up test showed that the amount of admixture in CF increased SP agent and AE agent slightly more compared to OPC, while temperature history showed that the highest temperature of CF was around $6{\sim}10^{\circ}C$ lower than that of OPC. Compressive strength in CF was low compared to that of OPC, but the strength width became narrow at the age of 28 days, which is not considered to be significant. In on-site application, slump, air content and chloride content all satisfied the target values, while the temperature history showed that the highest temperature in the center by each cast was about $34^{\circ}C$ in the first cast, $42^{\circ}C$ in the second cast, and $39^{\circ}C$ in the third cast. Compressive strength of specimen for strut management showed low value compared to standard curing, but its strength was reduced at the age of 28 days.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2021

Radiopharmaceuticals are drugs that contain radioisotopes and are used in the diagnosis, treatment, or investigation of diseases. Radiopharmaceuticals must be manufactured in compliance with good manufacturing practice regulations and subjected to quality control before they are administered to patients to ensure the safety of the drug. Radiopharmaceuticals for administration to humans need to be sterile and pyrogen-free. Hence, sterility tests and membrane filter integrity tests are carried out to confirm the asepticity of the finished drug product, and a bacterial endotoxin test conducted to assess contamination, if any, by pyrogens. The physical appearance and the absence of foreign insoluble substances should be confirmed by a visual inspection. The chemical purity, residual solvents, and pH should be evaluated because residual by-products and impurities in the finished product can be harmful to patients. The half-life, radiochemical purity, radionuclidic purity, and strength need to be assessed by analyzing the radiation emitted from radiopharmaceuticals to verify that the radioisotope contents are properly labeled on pharmaceuticals. Radiopharmaceuticals always carry the risk of radiation exposure. Therefore, the time taken for quality control tests should be minimized and care should be taken to prevent radiation exposure during handling. This review discusses the quality control procedures and acceptance criteria for a diagnostic radiopharmaceutical.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.17-24
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• 2017

Recently Deep-learning, Technologies using Large or Deep Artificial Neural Networks, have Shown Remarkable Performance, and the Increasing Size of the Network Contributes to its Performance Improvement. However, the Increase in the Size of the Neural Network Leads to an Increase in the Calculation Amount, which Causes Problems Such as Circuit Complexity, Price, Heat Generation, and Real-time Restriction. In This Paper, We Propose and Test a Method to Reduce the Number of Network Connections by Effectively Pruning the Redundancy in the Connection and Showing the Difference between the Performance and the Desired Range of the Original Neural Network. In Particular, we Proposed a Simple Method to Improve the Performance by Re-learning and to Guarantee the Desired Performance by Allocating the Error Rate per Layer in Order to Consider the Difference of each Layer. Experiments have been Performed on a Typical Neural Network Structure such as FCN (full connection network) and CNN (convolution neural network) Structure and Confirmed that the Performance Similar to that of the Original Neural Network can be Obtained by Only about 1/10 Connection.