• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.115-127
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• 1999

The rural houses in Tonghae have a different spatial structure from those of the other area because of the characteristics of a regional circumstances between the Taebaek mountains and the East Sea. The purpose of this study is aimed at grasping how the spatial transformations of the rural houses according to the changes of the housing lifestyles by the modernization and urbanization are coped with and changed. This study consists of understanding the trend of change of the rural houses in Tonghae through the analysis of living elements and the spatial transformation and process of the rural houses in Tonghae since 50's on the basis of the use change, extension and renovation of residential space.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.45-48
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• 2009

Traditional villages formed their own indigenous residential cultures which were influenced by the nature and the socio-cultural environment. Since the influential factors have changed in modern period, the forms of housing have gradually changed and were also replaced by new types. This study aims to view the changes of the traditional housing in modern period through case studying the traditional village. The result can be used as a preliminary data for another research. The object of this research is Do-Jin village, Buckhoo-myun, in An-Dong which has a regional particularity and diversity of housing forms.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.65-78
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• 2004

Transformation of housing space is the most accurate physical trail to understand main needs from residents. The scope of the study targeted the 7 si & gun districts in Gyeongsangnam-do, this study is designed to consider the characteristics of space transformation in rural apartment houses and provide basic materials for the development of rural apartment houses. The results of the study are as follow. First, such spaces as corridor and stairway are transformed into storages and outside the houses are installed tap water facility, bicycle storage. and toilet. Second, in autumn seasons when crops and grains are harvested, parking lot and rooftop are used as the space drying such agricultural products. Third, space transformation within the houses has been different depending on family type and main businesses in terms of function and time to seek efficiency and stability of residence. Fourth, rural residents concentrate on a simple change of space usage and replacement of ageing or dilapidated equipment and facilities rather than space transformation incurring more financial burden.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.13-20
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• 2018

In this study, it was started with the research for improving the housing plan of the elderly and the aged housing environment. The spatial extent of the study is in Haedoji Village, Yeongdo, Busan, and the time ranged from the mid-1950s, when the Korean war broke out and the refugees started to settle, to the present as of August 2017. As Result, the size of the residential space per capita was overcrowded at $9.2m^2$ in the 1970s and 1980s, when the number of families was high, but since 2010, the size of the residential space currently living alone with only one elderly or couple was $29.2m^2$. In the future, it can be judged that the size of elderly housing can be expected to be envisioned within about $35{\sim}40m^2$ in consideration of the diversity of housing including table space in the 2LDK type.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.28-38
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• 2011

Dwelling reflects the continuance and change that, in general, expresses the era's cultural and social values. The yard of Korean traditional dwelling, although it is an exterior space, it is a companion space that is engaged with the main house. It operates many housing functions that were not achieved within the interior space. After the time of enlightenment, shape, function and the meaning of Korean traditional house yard along with the change of values and major living style has been changing. Therefore, to understand how the Chosun Dynasty's house yard is being used in modern days, this study is based on the research of 47 sites and conducted a study regarding the acculturation and division the house yards. Typical elements in the target garden site that are expressed in a way differentiated from the original form of the Korean traditional house yard were the materials and methods of planting, the use of garden ornaments, paving materials, the use of water, and changes in kitchen gardens. As the role of house yards changes, the modern division of the style of gardens occurred; the areas in a garden have been divided and the form of a garden has been differentiated according to the limit and initiative. The pursuit of ornamentality and practicality led to the differentiation of gardens' functions, while seeking after convenience resulted in the division of gardens' materials. The use of gardens has also been differentiated by adding commerciality and a concept of open garden in both symbolic and daily manners.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.89-92
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• 2011

Built in 1944, in Busan, Sohawjang has currently remained in severe state of transformation. Sohawjang is a rare case of modern housing complex in Korea and it is a significant historic building as housing history and technique history. This study is to leave the basic data about modern housing by finding the substance of Sohawjang, a unusual case of modern housing complex in Korea, and examples of housing transformation through this study. This study attempts to find the original shape and architectural history about Sohawjang, modern apartment building, and analyze the actual conditions of transformation. For implementing, this study carried out the surveys and interviews with experimental research. As the result of the study, after the independence, various cases of transformation were investigated from floor plan of Japanese middle corridor. This study classified according to types of housing by analyzing outcomes and examined the reason and characteristic of transformation. This study discovered the Sohawjang's housing transformation cases, modern housing complex, that has not been disclosed so far and draw the characteristic of transformation as the Architectural Planning.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.123-134
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• 2011

'Sohawjang' is the first apartment house built in Busan the modern period, 1944. 'Sohawjang' needs to be apprised its value as an very important object of study with architectural and dwelling historic meaning because multi-family houses built in Japanese Rule Era that now exist in Korea are very rare. Thus, this study attempted to leave records to archive by conducting face to face interviews and surveying on 'Sohawjang' which is seriously in danger of extinction and its original form damage as the first step. Especially, around Korea's Liberation, this study tried to extract transformation characteristics of residential space and cultural differences appeared on differences of occupants having different nationality. Through these results, this study attempted to examine the era of apartment house and transformation characteristics and values of modern dwelling historic dimension according to changes of users appeared in Busan modern period. Through this study, it offers basic data about introduction and transition processes of an apartment house in Korea. It has an meaning of suggestion reference data for original form preservations or regenerations.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.72-79
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• 2008

Nagaya is one of the traditional Japanese housing types in which multiple houses are attached together. In Nagaya, walls are shared by several houses but entrances are privately owned by houses. Nagaya consists of many wooden houses for common people located in parallel with narrow alleys between them. Nagaya was one of the representative housing types in Japanese architectural history. This research is to study the background of the origination of Nagaya in Japan, the characteristics of space and land planning, the features and causes of the changes in the space and land planning. In this research, we observed and analyzed unit plans of a block of gate-type Nagayas in Hanan, Osaka. The results are as follows. First, as the inner alleys(Roji) are closed, the number of entrances to each housing lot decreased from two to one since one entrance that used to be open to inner alleys(Roji) are permanently closed. Second, walls between streets and housing lots which used to be one of the outstanding characteristics of gate-type Nagayas are disappearing. Third, as the bathrooms are added to houses, the front gardens are being degraded to empty spaces or sometimes totally removed. Fourth, the space in the first floor of houses become family spaces, and that in the second floor is divided into private rooms for individuals.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.85-94
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to examine the trasfiguration of the inner-courtyard (MADANG) at the single-detached urban dwellings in Taegu using the documentary research and survey method. The data was analyzed by the frequency, percentage, and x2-test. The major finding of this study was that the conventional meaning of the inner-courtyard existed in the designation and necessity, facilites, and needs in the future of the open space at the single-detached urban dwellings. Although people who were in their 30s favored the western style of house and garden, people who were in their 50s favored the traditional style of inner-courtyard. Finally, the concept of inner-courtyard at a single-detached urban dwelling is gradually changing to that f westren garden.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.37-46
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• 2012

Cities developed by prosperity of industrial activities are inflated due to the rapid influx of the urban population. In the process, their structure was reorganized with overall urban redevelopment methods. As the a results from the propulsion of overall redevelopment plan, the city environment exposed uniform urban landscapes, absence of sense of place for permanent abodes and other urban problems. At the beginning of the 21st century, people with introspections on the problems focused their attention on making their places attractive using their place's unique identity so that people could feel like to stay there for a long time. They tried to regenerate buildings and cities while still maintaining spatial and historical context of their living environment. This study looks into the regeneration of Shikumen Linong House as a fine example of such a redevelopment in order to provide with a practical resource for urban redevelopment plans in Korea. The study in the first content examines the formation processes of the city of Shanghai as the gateway of the modern China. In the second, it looks into the formation processes and characteristics of Shikumen Linong House in the Xintiandi complex between 1920 and 1930's. In the end, it analyses spatial and formational characteristics and the applied dwelling regeneration method for the of Shikumen Linong House in the Xintiandi complex.