• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.620-624
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• 2009

한국농어촌공사에서 2008년도 환경부 하수처리장 재이용사업으로 선정된 제주특별자치도 서부(판포)하수처리장 농업용수재이용 사업을 위탁받아 사업을 진행하고 있다. 하수처리수를 농업용목적으로 재이용하기 위해서는 농업용수 재이용수질기준에 우선 적합해야하고 작물재배실험 및 수질, 토양, 생태환경 영향 뿐만아니라 공중보건위생 위험도 등 종합적이고 체계적인 연구결과를 바탕으로 적용해야한다. 이를 위해 수자원 프런티어사업단의 "농업용수재이용시스템적용 연구"에서는 하수처리수의 농업용수 재이용과 관련한 종합적인 연구를 통해 농업환경피해를 최소화하고 안전성 확보를 위한 방안을 수립하고 있다. 서부하수처리장은 제주도 한경면 판포리에 위치하여 2007년도에 준공하였고 2008년도부터 본격적으로 가동중이다. 재이용 공급대상 농경지는 처리장의 주변 농경지로 249ha를 대상으로 하고 있으며 사업시행을 위해 타당성 분석, 기본계획 및 실시설계를 시행하였고 2009년 12월까지 시설의 설치 및 시험가동 완료를 목표로 하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 농업용수 재이용사업의 계획 수립을 위해 필요한 분석활동 내용과 안전하게 제주도 하수처리수를 재이용할 수 있는 농업용수 재이용시스템 설계내용을 중심으로 기술하였다. 현재 농촌은 도시화가 전국으로 확산되면서 농촌의 쾌적성은 점차 훼손되었고 하천 호소의 수질이 더욱 악화되고 있다. 또한 농촌지역의 도시화에 따라 하수처리장의 농촌지역에도 늘어가고 있으며 이제는 농촌지역과 도시지역이 구분되지 않고 혼합되어 있는 형태로 발전하고 있기 때문에 과거의 농업활동도 변화되고 있으며, 하천에서 취수하는 용수중에서 농업용수로의 사용이 부적합한 용수가 취수되고 있다. 따라서 하수처리수의 농업용수 재이용시스템과 같이 수처리를 이용한 농업용수의 공급방안이 확대될 것으로 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1003-1007
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• 2007

최근 기상이변, 불투수층의 증가와 배수체계개선 등의 요인으로 인한 홍수량의 증대로 하도방어 위주의 현재 홍수방어체제는 지속적인 치수사업의 시행에도 불구하고 오히려 하류에서의 홍수가 격심해지는 등 상당한 어려움에 직면하고 있다. 따라서 최근의 유역종합치수계획에서는 천변저류지 등에 의한 면적 개념의 2차원적 홍수량 분담을 통한 피해의 잠재성을 경감시키고자 하는 방안들이 제시되고 있다. 이러한 기술적 수요의 증가에 따라 낙동강유역종합치수계획, 삽교천유역종 합치수계획 등에서는 중규모 이상의 천변저류지가 검토되었지만 이러한 예는 대하천유역이므로 홍수피해가 빈발하는 농촌지역의 중소규모 하천에서는 계획된 적이 없다. 지금까지 지속적인 하천개수사업으로 2004년말 현재 하천연장 기준으로 전국의 하천 개수율은 78%에 이르고 있다. 이 중 국가하천과 지방1급하천은 약 15%로서 개수율이 약 90%이상으로 높고, 지방2급하천은 약 85%를 차지하나 대부분은 농촌지역에 위치하여 약 70% 미만의 낮은 개수율을 나타내고 있으므로 향후 중소규모유역의 지방2급하천에서 하천개수가 지속적으로 추진될 것이다. 현재 하천정비기본계획이 미수립된 하천구간에 대하여 하도계획시 제방축제에 의한 경제성이 미미한 일부 구간에 무제부의 소규모 아지늪을 조성하고, 홍수파의 전파속도를 저감하여 하류의 홍수집중을 경감시키고 유수 에너지를 감소시키며 아울러 본천의 유수환경과는 다른 습지로서의 정수환경을 창출하여 하천생태계의 다양성을 확보하는 방안도 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서는 경남 하동군에 위치하는 지방2급하천인 주교천에 약 $4000m^2$의 소형 습지(아지늪)를 2004년 3월에 조성하고 2006년 11월에 습지의 어류 및 수생식물에 대한 모니터링을 실시하여 아지늪의 하천생태의 다양성의 달성도를 평가하였다. 또한 주교천에서 홍수량의 증가에 따른 홍수류의 유속 변동과 그에 따른 에너지의 변화를 고찰하기 위하여 HEC-RAS를 적용하고 주교천 아지늪 주변의 수리학적 거동을 고찰하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.15-15
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• 2017

하천의 수위와 유량 등의 수리량 자료는 치수, 이수, 환경 등에 관한 하천 계획과 관리의 기초자료로 활용된다. 따라서 체계적인 하천 관리를 위해서는 신뢰성 있는 하천 수리량 자료의 확보가 요구된다. 이에 따라 우리나라에서는 많은 하천에 수위 관측소를 설치하여 실시간 수위를 측정하고 있다. 하지만 유량의 측정은 국가하천 등 주요 대규모 하천에 국한되어 있는 실정이다. 반면에 우리나라 대부분의 홍수 피해는 중 소하천에서 발생하고 있지만, 중 소하천에 대한 수문조사는 상대적으로 매우 미진한 실정이다. 이러한 중 소하천에 대한 수리 정보 조사의 가장 큰 어려움은 대부분의 중 소하천이 지방자치단체에서 관리하고 있어 예산과 인력 지원이 어렵기 때문이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 중 소하천에 산재한 보와 같은 하천 횡단 구조물의 유량 측정 기능을 이용하고, 급성장하고 있는 영상 분석 기술과 IT를 하천공학 분야에 접목하여 중 소하천의 수리 정보를 저비용, 실시간으로 원격 측정하는 시스템을 개발하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 연구에서는 저가형 영상 장비를 이용하여 하천 횡단구조물 주변의 흐름 영상을 원격으로 확보하고, 해당 영상을 데이터베이스로 송신하는 장치인 WIA 시스템(wireless image acquisition system)을 개발하였다. 그리고 촬영된 영상을 분석하여 수위를 도출하는 영상 분석 프로그램, 수위-유량 관계 곡선(rating curve), 미계측 지점에 대한 하천 수리 정보를 계산하기 위한 HEC-RAS를 포함하는 River-HQ 시스템을 개발하였다. 개발된 WIA & River-HQ 시스템은 한국건설기술연구원 하천실험센터 내 직선 수로(실규모 하천) 구간에 대하여 정확성이 검증되었다. 이러한 WIA & River-HQ 시스템은 실제 하천에 대한 적용성과 안정성 검토를 통해 향후 중 소하천의 환경 관리와 홍수예경보 업무 등에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.61-70
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• 1999

The Purpose of this study is to test whether Braess Paradox (BP) can be revealed in a real world network. Fer the study, Namsan 2nd tunnel case is chosen, which was shut down for 3 years for repair works. The revelation of BP is determined by analyzing network-wise traffic impacts followed by the tunnel closure. The analysis is conducted using a network simulation model called SECOMM developed for the congestion management of the Seoul metropolitan area. Also, the existence of BP is further identified by a before-after traffic survey result of the major arterials nearby the Namsan 2nd tunnel. The model estimation expected that the closure of Namsan 2nd tunnel improve the network-wise average traffic speed from 21.95km/h to 22.21km/h when the travel demand in the study area and congestion Pricing scheme on Namsan 1st & 3rd tunnels remain unchanged. In addition, the real world monitoring results of the corridors surrounding Namsan 2nd tunnel show that the average speed increases from 29.53km/h to 30.37km/h after the closure. These findings clearly identify the BP Phenomenon is revealed in this case.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.75-103
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• 2007

The purpose of this paper is to suggest to tackle the problem of poor cooperation in space activities, by re-examining the nature of the competitive political environment, and by building up a normative overarching framework, One of the most acute problems that hampers regional cooperation is the U.S. influence as represented in the MTCR, a supplier's cartel, as was evidenced in the ill-fate of the 2001 launch contract between China and Korea the next year. Notably China, the third space power in the world, has not been allowed to join the MTCR despite her application in June 2004. A possible reconciliation between China and the MTCR over her application for a partnership would set a cornerstone in building up a cooperative environment in the Northeast Asia. Just as the Helsinki process was an overarching norm building framework, comprising human rights, security and environmental issues, it would be desirable that a future peace framework in Northeast Asia dealing with the pending issues of Korean peninsula should also comprise of such broad issues as one relating to cooperation in space activities in the region. South Korea could tap expertise from her neighbor China. When South Korea become an independent space power either with her own technology or otherwise, she would be in a better position to play a role as a balancer in coordinating between the two neighboring space giants. It is remarkable that the Japanese led APRSAT has contributed much in establishing Sentinel Asia as a part of the Disaster Management Scheme, in that each participant, whether it be a state agency, or a private entity like a university or a research institute, can tap the common data to contribute to the common good of safety.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• no.spc
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• pp.59-86
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• 2007

The purpose of this paper is to suggest to tackle the problem of poor cooperation in space activities, by re-examining the nature of the competitive political environment, and by building up a normative overarching framework, One of the most acute problems that hampers regional cooperation is the U.S. influence as represented in the MTCR, a supplier's cartel, as was evidenced in the ill-fate of the 2001 launch contract between China and Korea the next year. Notably China, the third space power in the world, has not been allowed to join the MTCR despite her application in June 2004. A possible reconciliation between China and the MTCR over her application for a partnership would set a cornerstone in building up a cooperative environment in the Northeast Asia. Just as the Helsinki process was an overarching norm building framework, comprising human rights, security and environmental issues, it would be desirable that a future peace framework in Northeast Asia dealing with the pending issues of Korean peninsula should also comprise of such broad issues as one relating to cooperation in space activities in the region. South Korea could tap expertise from her neighbor China. When South Korea become an independent space power either with her own technology or otherwise, she would be in a better position to play a role as a balancer in coordinating between the two neighboring space giants. It is remarkable that the Japanese led APRSAT has contributed much in establishing Sentinel Asia as a part of the Disaster Management Scheme, in that each participant, whether it be a state agency, or a private entity like a university or a research institute, can tap the common data to contribute to the common good of safety.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.50-66
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• 2016

This study attempts to understand and explain how "Directed Attention Restorative Environment (DARE)" is managed and fostered in "Gang-Hak (講學)" and "Yu-Sik (遊息)" spaces both inside and outside of Oksan Seowon Confucian Academy, Gyeongju. Directed Attention is a pivotal element in human information processing so that its restoration is crucial for effective thinking and learning. According to Kaplan & Kaplan's Attention Restoration Theory, an environment, in order to be restorative, should have four elements: 'Being Away,' 'Extent,' 'Fascination,' and 'Compatibility.' We could confirm OkSan Seowon Confucian Academy has an inner logic that integrates two basically different spacial concepts of "Jangsu" and "Yusik" and thus fosters the Attention Restorative Environment. Particularly, the Four Mountains and Five Platforms (四山五臺) surrounding the premises provides an excellent learning environment, and is in itself educational in terms of the Neo-Confucian epistemology with "Attaining Knowledge by way of Positioning Things (格物致知)" as its principle precept, and of its aesthetics with "Connectedness with Nature" as its central tenet. This study attempts to recapture the value of Korea's cultural heritage concerning the Human/Nature relationship; and it may provide useful insights and practical guidelines/grounds in designing today's schools and campuses, where the young people's needs for the Directed Attention- and Attention Restorative- Servicescapes seem to be greater than ever.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.603-612
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• 2009

This study was conducted to provide information which will be useful for establishing and implementing effective management policy for Baekdudaegan Trail and user satisfaction by investigating the characteristics of trail use and users' perceptions of the environmental impacts on the trail. For this purpose, a questionnaire survey was employed in Baekdudaegan trail by three topological types. With this classification, the characteristics of the way the trails used and users' perceptions of the impacts were analysed in terms of ecological, physical and social environments. The result showed that the Baekdudaegan trail was used mainly for mountaineering rather vacation or travel, and found no differences in the characteristics of the trail use by the types. Ecological environment showed no significant relation with user satisfaction, however changes in physical environmental factors such as a trail width functioned as a negative component to decrease use experience. In addition, the satisfaction of the users had little to do with social environment, when the level of using the trail was relatively low. To present, the levels of impacts on ecological, physical and social environments and the users' satisfaction level regarding the Baekdudaegan trail appear to be positive. However, the increase of use level is expected in the future, and therefore systematic managerial measures need to be implemented to monitor the changes of the trails and interactions of the environmental impacts.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.695-715
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• 2015

The history of Korean Pungsu can be approached from two perspectives. One is through the history of its theoretical formation and evolution, and the other is through the history of its social and cultural formation and evolution. The former, i.e. Pungsu theories, was produced and developed by intellectuals as an elaborate system of cosmic knowledge and logic. The latter, i.e. Pungsu culture, was consumed and adopted by various social groups in their spatial life practices. It was Chinese intellectuals that originally initiated and carried out the production, formation, and development of the fengshui theoretical system. Intellectuals in neighboring countries adapted Chinese fengshui to their local environment, incorporating their own historical and cultural features, and practiced this transformed and indigenized form of geomancy. The evolution of Korean Pungsu can be summarized as having the following five characteristics. First, Koreans accepted fengshui from China, pragmatically adapting it to fit the Korean natural and social environment, and then used it for social discourse on space. Second, Pungsu had a comprehensive and varied influence on Korean culture throughout its different historical periods. Third, combined with social thought led by differing social classes, Korean Pungsu existed as an element of social discourse. Fourth, Koreans' theoretical preferences of fengshui were for the landform method over the liqi (理氣) method. Fifth, the Bibo philosophy was a characteristic feature of Korean Pungsu.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.261-270
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• 2002

This study was executed to elucidate the degree of satisfaction with working environment and the factors affecting it for workers who are engaged in the composting plants with livestock manure in the Han-river watershed. As an evaluation on site, we applied the self-administered questionaire including general characteristics, working conditions, degree of satisfaction with working environment, and degree of satisfaction with working condition. Simultaneously, we analysed the exposure levels of odor (ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and odor intensity) in the boundary area of plants. As a result of the study, health condition, odor, work load, dust, and smoking were proved to be the main factors affecting the degree of satisfaction with working environment for workers who are employed in the composting plants with livestock manure in the Han-river watershed. Of them, it was investigated that health condition, odor, and work load accounted for 61.3% of the total degree of satisfaction with working environment and health condition(p$<$0.01), odor(p$<$0.05), work load(p$<$0.05), and dust(p$<$0.05) were statistically significant. It was concluded that the degree of satisfaction with working environment was high for the workers who had good health status and low for the workers who had the relatively considerable work load and were often exposed to odor and dust. Therefore, to increase the degree of satisfaction with working environment for workers who are engaged in the composting plants with livestock manure, the measures that can reduce the exposure levels of odor and dust emitting from the composting plant with livestock manure should be improved.