• Title/Summary/Keyword: 종 음향

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A Comparison of Bioacoustic Recording and Field Survey as Bird Survey Methods - In Dongbaek-dongsan and 1100-altitude Wetland of Jeju Island - (조류 조사 방법으로써 생물음향 녹음과 현장 조사의 비교 - 제주 동백동산과 1100고지 습지를 대상으로 -)

  • Se-Jun Choi;Kyong-Seok Ki
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.37 no.5
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    • pp.327-336
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    • 2023
  • This study aimed to propose an effective method for surveying wild birds by comparing the results of bioacoustic detection with those obtained through a field survey. The study sites were located at Dongbaek-dongsan and a 1100-altitude wetland in Jeju-do, South Korea. The bioacoustic detection was conducted over the course of 12 months in 2020. For the bioacoustic detection, a Song-meter SM4 device was installed at each study site, recording bird songs in 1-min per hour, .wav, and 44,100 Hz format. The findings of the field survey were taken from the 「Long-term trends of Bird Community at Dongbaekdongsan and 1100-Highland Wetland of Jeju Island, South Korea.」 by Banjade et al. (2019). The results of this study are as follows. First, the avifauna identified using bioacoustic detection comprised 29 families and 46 species in Dongbaek-dongsan, and 16 families and 25 species in the 1100-altitude wetland. Second, based on the song frequency, the dominant species in Dongbaek-dongsan were Hypsipetes amaurotis (Brown-eared Bulbul, 33.62%), Horornis diphone (Japanese Bush Warbler, 12.13%), and Zosterops japonicus (Warbling White-eye, 9.77%). In the 1100-altitude wetland the dominant species were Corvus macrorhynchos (Large-billed Crow, 27.34%), H. diphone (19.43%), and H. amaurotis (16.56%). Third, in the field survey conducted at Dongbaek-dongsan, the number of detected bird species was 39 in 2009, 51 in 2012, 35 in 2015, and 45 in 2018, while the bioacoustic detection identified 46 species. In the field survey conducted in the 1100-altitude wetland, the number of detected bird species was 37 in 2009, 42 in 2012, 34 in 2015, and 38 in 2018, while the bioacoustics detection identified 25 species. Overall, 43.6% of the 78 species detected in the field survey in Dongbaek-dongsan (34 species) were identified using bioacoustic detection, and 38.3% of the 47 species detected in the field survey in the 1100-altitude wetland (18 species) were identified using bioacoustic detection. Fourth, the bioacoustic detection identified 9 families and 12 species of birds in Dongbaek-dongsan, and 3 families and 7 species of birds in the 1100-altitude wetland. No results from field survey were available for these species. The identified birds were predominantly nocturnal, including Otus sunia (Oriental Scops Owl) and Ninox japonica (Northern Boobook), passage migrants, including Larvivora cyane (Siberian Blue Robin), L. sibilans (Rufous-tailed Robin), and winter visitors with a relatively small number of visiting individuals, such as Bombycilla garrulus (Bohemian Waxwing) and Loxia curvirostra (Red Crossbill). Fifth, the birds detected in the field survey but not through bioacoustic detection included 18 families and 48 species in Dongbaek-dongsan and 14 families and 27 species in the 1100-altitude wetland; the most representative families were Ardeidae, Accipitridae, and Muscicapidae. This study is significant as it provides essential data supporting the possibility of an effective survey combining bioacoustic detection with field studies, given the increasing use of bioacoustic devices in ornithological studies in South Korea.

Experimental Investigations on the Effect of Tin Composition and Bell's Shape on the Sound Characteristics of Bell (주석 함량과 형상의 변화에 따른 모형종의 소리 특성에 관한 실험적 분석)

  • 김소희
    • Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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    • 1998.06c
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    • pp.287-290
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    • 1998
  • 성덕대왕 신종을 비롯한 한국범종의 독특한 특성으로 맥놀이 현상을 들 수 있는데, 이것은 한국범종의 독창적인 형상과 재질에서 기인한다. 본 논문에서는 종의 형상과 재질을 달리하였을 때 종소리의 특성이 어떻게 달라지는가를 확인하고, 이로부터 가장 좋은 소리를 내는 종의 조건을 찾아보고자 한다. 이를 위해 주석 함량, 형상, 두께가 다른 열다섯 개의 모형종에 대해서 고유 주파수의 변화와 맥놀이 현상을 알아보았다. 그리고 한국범종과 외국종과의 차이점을 알아보기 위해, 일본종과 중국종의 대표적인 형상을 갖는 모형종을 한국범종을 모델로 한 모형종과 비교해 보았다. 또한, 울림통을 종의 아래에 설치하여, 울림통의 크기와 울림통과 종의 아래에 설치하여, 울림통의 크기와 울림통과 종 사이의 거리에 따른 종소리의 변화도 분석하였다.

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Experimental Analysis on Acoustic Characteristics of the Sound-Pipe of King Song-Dok Bell (실험적 분석을 통하여 본 성덕 대왕(聖德 大王) 신종(神鐘) 음통(音筒)의 음향학적 특성)

  • Yoon, Doo-Byung;Kim, Yang-Hann
    • The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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    • v.16 no.6
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    • pp.19-24
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    • 1997
  • The acoustic characteristics of the sound-pipe of King Song-Dok bell, which is located on the top, are investigated by experiment and simulation. The experimental results;reflection coefficient, and radiation impedance, demonstrate that the sound-pipe is capable of radiating high frequency(above 300Hz) sound; it behave as damper. It is also found that a waveguide model well presens the acoustic characteristics of the sound-pipe.

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Vibration and sound of Silla Great Bell (신라대종의 진동과 음향)

  • Kim, Seockhyun;Lee, Joong Hyeok;Byeon, Jun Ho
    • The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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    • v.36 no.3
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    • pp.186-193
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    • 2017
  • Silla Great Bell was manufactured in order to ring for the new millennium in succession to King Seongdeok Divine Bell. This study investigates how Silla Great Bell is similar to King Seongdeok Divine Bell in respect of structure and sound. First, design and manufacturing processes are introduced and dimensions of the two bells are compared and the similarity is estimated. Three main characteristics of the sound of a Korean bell are magnificent and harmonic striking sound, dynamic beat, and long lasting hum tone. These three features are compared and objectively estimated using physical parameters. The purpose of the study is to provide useful information to manufacture Korean bell which has beautiful appearance and excellent sound.

Beat Period Tuning Method Using an Equivalent Bell Model (등가 종 모델을 이용한 맥놀이 주기 조절법)

  • Kim, Seock-Hyun;Lee, Joong-Hyeok
    • The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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    • v.31 no.8
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    • pp.561-568
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    • 2012
  • This study proposes a method of an equivalent bell model in order to tune the beat period of a Korean bell. In a Korean bell having a slight asymmetry, each circumferential mode splits into a mode pair which has a slight difference in frequency, and the interaction of the mode pair makes a beat in vibration and sound. An equivalent bell model which consists of an axi-symmetric bell and an equivalent point mass, has the same mode property as in a real bell. The equivalent bell model is constructed by the finite element analysis based upon the theory of a revolutionary shell. Using the equivalent bell model, the beat period is predicted when the bell thickness is locally decreased to improve the beat property. The predicted result is verified by experiment on a test bell. The proposed method is useful to save the time required for tuning the beat period of a large bell.

Sound Design Emotion-Response on TV-CF Audio using the Brain Quotient-Test (TV광고음향의 사운드디자인 감성반응 -뇌 지수(BQT)분석기법으로-)

  • Yoo, Whoi-Jong;Moon, Nam-Mee
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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    • 2008.11a
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    • pp.45-49
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    • 2008
  • 본 연구는 TV광고음향의 사운드디자인에 대한 수용자 감성반응에 관한 연구이다. 연구방법으로 영상구조에서 음향이 없는 상태와, 음악설계사운드디자인을 제시 하였을 때 수용자가 받아들이는 음향감성반응을 뇌파측정을 통한 뇌 지수(BQT) 비교 방법으로 분석하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 영상에 있어 사운드의 시청각적 감성효과가 사운드디자인설계에 의하여 달라질 수 있음을 정량적 방법으로 확인할 수 있었다.

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On a Study of Long Trailing Sound of Emille Bell (에밀레 종소리의 긴 여운에 관한 연구)

  • Na DuckSu;Bae MyungJin
    • Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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    • autumn
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    • pp.111-114
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    • 2000
  • 지금까지 한국의 종소리가 긴 여운을 남기는 까닭은 서양 종과 달리 종의 하대 부분이 오목하여 종소리가 종 내부에 갇혀서 밖으로 빠져 나오지 못하고 오랫동안 휘돌아 치기 때문이라고 알려져 왔다 그러나 본 논문에서는 공기의 흐름을 차단하는 실험을 통해 긴 여운의 원리가 잘못 해석되고 있음을 밝히고자한다. 에밀레종은 구리판이 둥글게 말려져 있는 구조이고, 종의 하대로 갈수록 그 직경이 줄어든다. 이러한 둥근 링에서의 진동소리는 타종 부위의 상하좌우의 탄력운동에 의해 고유한 기본저음의 소리가 발생한다. 특히 진동은 당좌부위에서 하대방향으로 전달되어 공기 중으로 전파되는데, 하대로 갈수록 직경이 줄어들어서 하대의 둥근 링을 잡아주는 역할을 하기 때문에, 하대에서의 진동이 오래 동안 지속될 수 있다는 사실을 분명히 입증하였다.

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종의 Crack과 용접에 관하여

  • 염영하
    • Journal of Welding and Joining
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.2-16
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    • 1989
  • 종은 타명기로서, 소리(음향)를 내기 위해서는 동양종은 외부에서 타격하고 서양종은 내부에서 타격한다. 그러므로 종을 사용하는 사이에 이 타격으로 인하여 종에는 누적된 피로(Cumulated fatigue)가 생기고, 이것이 원인이 되어 크랙의 발생.rarw.성장.rarw.파괴로 진전되어 사용 불가 능케 된다는 것은 잘 알려진 사실이다. 이와같은 사례는 국내에서 그 실례를 많이 볼 수 있다. 예 1) 상원사종(국보 36호), 2) 보신각종(보물 2호), 3) 완주송광사종, 또한 외국의 경우, 미국의 자유의종 (Liberty Bell)등 대단히 많다. 여기서는 위의 종에 대한 크랙과 상원사종의 용접을 중 심으로 달아보겠다.

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Restoration of the bell pavilion of King Song-Dok Bell with a view of its acoustical characteristics (성덕대왕 신종의 음향적 특성을 고려한 종각복원의 고찰)

  • Haan, Chan-Hoon
    • The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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    • v.37 no.5
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    • pp.378-386
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    • 2018
  • The present paper suggests the original form of the bell pavilion for the King Song-Dok bell which is one of the precious national treasure of Korea. In order to this, many literatures were reviewed including both historical and acoustical references. As the results, the model of the bell pavilion for the King Song-Dok bell is suggested as follows considering acoustical characteristics of the King Song-Dok bell and the traditional Korean bells ; 1) The bell pavilion has the rumbling puddle beneath the bell on the ground floor for resonance of sound 2) Many lumbers are used for columns and beams rather than boards since natural frequencies of the bell are 64 Hz and 168 Hz so that the sound absorption of the low frequency sound may not be occurred. 3) Only some boards may be used for the area between upper and middle molding of lintel in order to prevent of direct sunlight and sea breeze since this type of structure were used for bell pavilion of the same age. 4) Square form with the odd number of 3 or 5 Kans is adopted for bell pavilion considering the weight and the size of the bell which had been used traditionally 5) Finally, half-hipped structure is used for the roof of the bell pavilion which was the predominant form of the age.