• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.137-144
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• 2008

Public housing problem became a major issue in each European country during the period of the reconstruction. This study focuses on the one of the major institutional policies in the public housing sectors in Europe during the second postwar period, specifically the INA (Istituto Nazionale delle Assicurazioni)-Casa in Italy from 1949 to 1963. Thanks to the financial Aid provided by 'Marshall Plan' of United States government, Italy initiated INA-Casa housing program elaborated and realized by minister of Labour, Amintore Fanfani. He was strongly influenced by catholic socialism and Weberian corporatism, and also had previously written theoretical studies on the subject during the Interwar years. The outcome of this policy had been devaluated for its Keynesian aspect as well as vernacular predominance in the architectural forms. On the contrary, this study focuses on themes such as continuity of politics before and after the Liberation, status of the architects and their will to social engagement, notion of quarter as 'self-sufficient community' and 'residential unit'. These factors will allow to comprehend the complex nature of the reality where different categories were involved to resolve the common housing problem.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1011-1049
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• 2011

This study is mainly to investigate the influences of both Western's utopian socialism and cooperatives ideas on the process of China's rural cooperation from 1919(the occurrence of 5.4 movement) to 1958(the completion of People's commune). To accomplish this, first, we will discuss that how these two ideas emerged as an alternative to Western capitalism in the before/early 20th century were introduced into China and how these ideas effected on the process of the China's Communist Revolution. Then, we will review the process of China's rural cooperation during the 1950s' new socialist nation-building period since the foundation of New China(1949), the sharp debates about rural cooperation in the process of its realization, and the reasons of radically promoting rural cooperation in the late 1950s. Finally, through these debates and experiences regarding rural cooperation in rural China during 1919-1958, any implications in solving rural cooperation problems of contemporary China facing difficulties will be provided.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.1084-1088
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• 2010

일반적으로 자연하천에서는 횡방향 흐름저항 요소가 매우 다를 수 있다. 이러한 하천은 흐름저항 요인에 따라 몇 개의 소단면으로 구분될 수 있으며, 1차원 해석을 위해서는 단면 전체를 대표하는 복합 조도계수(composite roughness coefficient)를 사용함으로써 수위 또는 평균유속의 계산이 가능해 진다. 복합 조도계수는 각 소단면의 면적(A), 윤변(P), 또는 동수반경(R)을 적절히 조합하여 각 소단면의 조도계수에 가중치를 부여하면서 계산되는데, 각 산정식들의 개발과정에 도입된 가정 조건에 따라 상이한 가중치를 부여하게 되며, 일부 산정식들에서는 횡방향으로 동일한 재료로 구성된 조건에서도 복합 조도계수 산정 결과는 하상재료에 의한 조도계수와 다른 값을 산정하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 13개의 기존 복합 조도계수 산정식을 이론적으로 검토하였고, 소규모 실내 수리실험자료로부터 실측 복합 조도계수와 계산된 값을 비교 분석하였으며, 소단면 분할방법에 의한 기존 산정식의 적용성을 분석하였다. 분석결과, 윤변을 가중치로 사용하는 경우는 실측 복합 조도계수 그리고 각 산정식에 의한 계산 복합 조도계수의 차이가 비교적 작게 나타났으나 각 산정식의 가정조건에 유의하여야 하는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 단면적 또는 윤변과 동수반경을 조합하여 가중치로 사용하는 경우는 방법별로 큰 차이를 보이는 것으로 분석되었고, 그 원인은 단면분할 방법에 기인하므로 이러한 방법을 적용할 경우에는 소단면 분할방법에 특히 주의하여야 함을 알 수 있다.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.52-75
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• 2021

The current Korean labour movement is at an impasse that is partly sustained by the idea of "strong" transnational corporations (TNCs) versus "weak" labour, and this perception is based on the "global-local dichotomy," wherein TNCs are depicted as abstract and structured entities operating at the global scale and workers are represented as having a concrete and weak presence within the local sphere. As an alternative perspective to break this "global" capital vs. "local" labour dichotomy, I focus on labour geography, which assumes that labour is not simply a factor of production but a sentient spatial actor that (un-)intentionally produces the landscape of capitalism. Borrowing insights from the multi-scalar perspective, this paper aims to understand the actual methods in which workers utilize spatial strategies through an empirical case study of the Nestlé Korea labour union strike in 2003. Based on this case study, this paper claims that workers are both capable of employing coordinated multi-scalar practices and can be more influential to the economic geographies of TNCs. Additionally, it suggests that workers' scalar practices are actually more complicated and multi-directional as a result of their complex and dynamic interactions with political, economic and cultural forces and actors at diverse geographical scales.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.635-662
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• 2016

Combinatorics, the basis of probabilistic thinking, is an important area of mathematics and closely linked with other subjects such as informatics and STEAM areas. But combinatorics is one of the most difficult units in school mathematics for leaning and teaching. This study, using the designed combinatorial models and executable expression, aims to analyzes the eye movement of graduate students when they translate the written combinatorial problems to the corresponding executable expression, and examines not only the understanding process of the written combinatorial sentences but also the degree of difficulties depending on the combinatorial semantic structures. The result of the study shows that there are two types of solving process the participants take when they solve the problems : one is to choose the right executable expression by comparing the sentence and the executable expression frequently. The other approach is to find the corresponding executable expression after they derive the suitable mental model by translating the combinatorial sentence. We found the cognitive processing patterns of the participants how they pay attention to words and numbers related to the essential informations hidden in the sentence. Also we found that the student's eyes rest upon the essential combinatorial sentences and executable expressions longer and they perform the complicated cognitive handling process such as comparing the written sentence with executable expressions when they try the problems whose meaning structure is rarely used in the school mathematics. The data of eye movement provide meaningful information for analyzing the cognitive process related to the solving process of the participants.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.378-385
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• 1994

Interspecific somatic hybrids were obtained by protoplast fusion between Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus sajor-caju. The fusion products between incompatible strains did not form clamp connections. Fruiting body of the clampless fusants was induced by light-dark cycle on saw-dust-rice bran substrate in glass bottles. Out of them, seven somatic hybrids produced fruiting bodies of intermediate morphology of the two species. Light and low temperature were the initiating factors for the development of clamped hyphae from the clampless mycelial colonies. All of these basidiocarps had clamp connections. Eight fusants from the six crosses were analysed with the segregation of genetic characters by random spore isolates. In the three combinations, unexpected alleles were shown. Somatic hybrid between P188 (P. ostreatus 2-1 + P. sajor-caju 2-53) and P. florida 2-3 by triple cross produced fruiting bodies similar to those of fusant between P. ostreatus and P. florida. All the genetic charaters from the three strains were shown to segregate and recombine.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.105 no.3
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• pp.360-365
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to provide the basic information for the early enforcement and extension of the improvement project of management scale of private forest land by understanding the characteristics of forest owners, who have an influence on the participation of the project as one of the private forest management vitalization plans. To achieve this goal, a questionnaire survey targeting 373 forest owners was conducted and analyzed by Binary-Logistic Regression. The variables for binary-logistic regression included gender, age, academic ability, occupation, income, residence, purpose of forest ownership, and status of cooperative membership. As a result of the analysis, 267 forest owners (71.6%) of total 373 forest owners have the intention to participate in the scaling project for private forest management. The rest of forest owners (106 forest owners, 28.4%) would not be willing to participate in the project. As a result of binary-logistic regression, the most important variables, which have an impact on the participation of private forest management scale improvement project, are age, job and forest own purpose.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.395-414
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• 2015

Diverse alternative economies have been discussed to overcome the problems with the globalizing neoliberal capitalism. Social economy and cooperatives are those focusing on the community economies; most countries have local economy-society based on mutual aid and common properties. Various experiences and institutions across local areas have been evolved to keep using their local resources in sustainable way. While recent social economy discussions in Korea are mostly in relation to economic crisis and focus on the Western experiences and institutions, the local area experiences in Korea are similar to the rules universal across countries along with particulars developed from local circumstances. Jeju has maintained village common fishing ground and Isidore farm which has been developed as an innovative type of cooperatives. These cases help to find community economies in practices and studying local experiences would enhance the opportunity to succeed in finding and practicing real alternative community economies in other local areas.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.99-109
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to review the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and performance, and the moderating effect of CEO's transformational leadership in entrepreneurs'cooperative. In order to verify and achieve the purposes mentioned above, questionnaire data were gathered and analysed from 215 employees of entrepreneurs'cooperative in Metropolitan and kangwon-do vicinity. Multiple regression and multiple hierarchical regression analysis were applied to test the proposed hypotheses: 1) the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship(innovativeness, risk-taking, and proactiveness) and performance(sales volume, profit, employment), 2) the moderating effect of CEO's transformational leadership(charisma, individual consideration, intellectual stimulation) on the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and performance. Empirical survey's findings are as follows; First, risk-taking appeared to be positively related with sales volume, profit, and employment. Proactiveness appeared to be positively related with sales volume and profit. But innovativeness appeared not to be significantly related with sales volume, profit, and employment. Second, CEO's transformational leadership appeared to be related with financial performance(sales volume and profit), but not to be related with employment. Charisma and individual consideration moderated positively the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and financial performance(sales volume and profit). Intellectual stimulation moderated positively only the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and profit.

• Korean Journal of Logic
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• v.2
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• pp.91-118
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• 1998

라이프니츠는 일반적으로 현대논리학의 선각자라고 부른다. 그래서 라이프니츠 논리학에서는 현대 논리학을 이해함에 있어서 중요한 단초들을 발견할 수 있다. 라이프니츠의 논리학을 대표하는 개념으로는 흔히 보편수학, 보편기호학 그리고 논리연산학을 들곤한다. 라이프니츠의 보편수학의 이념은 연대 논리학이 논리학과 수학의 통일에서 출발할 수 있는 결정적인 근거를 제공했다. 이러한 현대 논리학의 출발에 있어서는 상이한 두 입장을 발견할 수 있는데, 부울, 슈레더의 논리대수학과 프레게의 논리학주의가 바로 그것이다. 이 두 입장은 "논리학과 수학의 통일"에 있어서는 공통적인 관심을 보이지만, 논리학의 본질을 라이프니츠의 보편기호학에서 찾느냐 또는 라이프니츠의 논리연산학에서 찾느냐에 따라 상이한 입장을 취한다. 이외에도 보편과학이나 조합술을 이해하지 않고는 라이프니츠 논리학에 대한 총체적인 시각을 갖기 힘들다. 이 두 개념은 특히 타과학이나 과학적 방법론과 관련지어 논리학이란 과연 무엇인가라는 논리철학적인 조명에 있어서 중요한 실마리를 제공한다.