• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.381-385
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• 1996

From April 1984 to April 1990, seven patients with Ebstein's anomaly underwent surgical repair. Mean age at operation was 18.6 years (range, 2 to 46 years). Operations were performed using hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. Surgical procedures included tricupid valve replacement (n:6) and tricuspid valve reconstruction (n: 1). There were two hospital deaths. There have been no late death. All survivors are in New York Heart Association class I or II with a median follow-up of 6.2 years(range, 4 to 8.3 years).

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.3A
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• pp.173-180
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• 2011

This paper aims to propose an image processing technique for measuring the static displacement of bridges from general inspection photograph; the color, shape, and spatial transformations of an arbitrary image stored in bridge management system database are used. This study is verified by using numerical analyses with experiments; the results demonstrate that the static displacement of bridges are measured by proposed technique. Moreover, this technique is able to obtain the static structural response of the bridge with changes in temperatures.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.311-315
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• 2006

Viterbi decoder는 크게 BM(Branch metric), ACS(Add-Compare-Select), SM(Survivor Memory) block 으로 구성되어 있다. 이중 ACSU 부분은 고속 데이터 처리를 위한 bottleneck이 되어 왔으며, 이의 해결을 위한 많은 연구가 활발히 진행되어 왔다. look ahead technique은 ACSU를 M-step으로 처리하고 CS(Carry save) number를 사용한 새로운 비교 알고리즘을 제안하여 high throughput을 추구했으며, minimized method는 block processing 방식으로 forward, backward 방향으로 decoding을 수행하여 ACSU 부분의 feedback을 완전히 제거하여 exteremely high throughput 을 추구하고 있다. 이에 대해 look ahead technique 의 기본 PE(Processing Element)를 바탕으로 minimized method 알고 리즘의 core block 을 bit-level 로 구현하였으며 : code converter 를 이용하여 CS number 가운데 redundat number(l)를 제거하여 비교기를 더 간단히 하였다. SYNOPSYS의 Design compiler 와 TSMC 0.18 um library 를 이용하여 합성하였다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.389-390
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• 2007

배터리 기반 시스템(휴대폰, PDA, 노트북)에서 현재 배터리에 대한 정확한 잔량 표시는 중요하다. 사용자입장에서 언제 배터리를 충전시켜야 하는지 알아야 하기 때문이다. 그런데 지금까지의 배터리 잔량 측정 장치를 보게 되면, 배터리의 전압만을 측정[1]하여 잔량을 표시하는 방식으로서 여기에는 여러 가지 문제점이 있다. 가장 중요한 문제점으로는 순간적인 배터리 전압강하에 따른 실 시간적이고 정확한 보상체계가 갖춰져 있지 않다는 점이다. 물론 하드웨어적으로 Schmitt Trigger라는 회로[2]를 구성하여 이를 방지해 놓고 있기는 하지만 Hysteresis margin[3]을 벗어난 값에 대해서는 보상을 해주지 않는다. 이런 보상은 보통 소프트웨어적으로 각 이밴트별 룩업 테이블을 만들어서 compensation하고 있기는 하지만, 수많은 이벤트에 대한 보상 값들과 예상치 못한 동작상의 오류를 막을 수는 없다. 따라서 이에 대한 근본적인 대안으로서 본 논문에서는 load current를 측정하여 그에 따른 전압강하를 계산하고 실시간적으로 배터리 전압에 보상을 해줌으로서 보다 정확한 배터리 잔량 표시를 구현하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2018.01a
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• pp.125-126
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• 2018

최근 대형마트 측에서는 계산대의 지연 시간 문제를 해결하기 위해 셀프 계산대라는 방식을 도입했지만 사용하는데 번거로운 점과 사용과정의 어려움을 느끼는 소비자들이 많아서 이 또한 근본적인 문제를 해결해주지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 본 논문은 이러한 문제점들을 해결하기 위해 자동화 계산이 가능한 스마트 카트를 제작하고자 한다. 스마트 카트를 도입함으로써 마트에서의 번거로운 과정과 대기시간의 지연으로 인해 생기는 소비자들의 불만을 해결해 주고자 한다. 또한 소비자의 빠른 순환으로 인해 마트의 이윤을 얻어 줄 수 있는 자동화 계산이 가능한 스마트 카트를 제작하고자 한다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.84-88
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• 1999

Purpose :To develop a method for verifying a treatment setup in stereotactic radiotherapy by ma- tching portal images to DRRs. Materials and Methods : Four pairs of orthogonal portal images of one patient immobilized by a thermoplastic mask frame for fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy were compared with DRRs. Portal images are obtained in AP (anteriorfposterior) and lateral directions with a target localizer box containing fiducial markers attached to a stereotactic frame. DRRs superimposed over a planned iso-center and fiducial markers are printed out on transparent films. And then, they were overlaid over onhogonal penal images by matching anatomical structures. From three different kind of objects (isgcenter, fiducial markers, anatomical structure) on DRRs and portal images, the displacement error between anatomical structure and isocenters (overall setup error), the displacement error between anatomical structure and fiducial markers (irnrnobiliBation error), and the displacement error between fiducial markers and isocenters (localization error) were measured. Results : Localization error were 1.5$\pm$0.3 mm (AP), 0.9$\pm$0.3 mm (lateral), and immobilization errors were 1.9$\pm$0.5 mm (AP), 1.9$\pm$0.4 mm (lateral). In addition, overall setup errors were 1.0$\pm$0.9 mm (AP), 1.3$\pm$0.4 mm (lateral). From these orthogonal displacement errors, maximum 3D displacement errors($\sqrt{(\DeltaAP)^{2}+(\DeltaLat)^{2}$)) were found to be 1.7$\pm$0.4 mm for localization, 2.0$\pm$0.6 mm for immobilization, and 2.3$\pm$0.7 mm for overall treatment setup. Conclusion : By comparing orthogonal portal images with DRRs, we find out that it is possible to verify treatment setup directly in stereotactic radiotherapy.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics C
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• v.35C no.11
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• pp.1-10
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• 1998

The advent of deep submicron technologies in the age of portable electronic systems creates a moving target for CAB algorithms, which now need to reduce power as well as delay and area in the existing design methodology. This paper presents a resynthesis algorithm for logic decomposition on mapped circuits. The existing algorithm uses a Huffman encoding, but does not consider glitches and effects on logic depth. The proposed algorithm is to generalize the Huffman encoding algorithm to minimize the switching activity of non-critical subcircuits and to preserve a given logic depth. We show how to obtain a transition-optimum binary tree decomposition for AND tree with zero gate delay. The algorithm is tested using SIS (logic synthesizer) and Level-Map (LUT-based FPGA lower power technology mapper) and shows 58%, 8% reductions on power consumptions, respectively.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.1043-1048
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• 2017

Since year 2016, in Korea, the police department started to use drones to patrol violated vehicles on the highway area. They monitor vehicle drivers who use side ways on the highway during traffic congested hours of the season, drunken drivers, or violent drivers. They use the 'Spot Mobility' method which floats the drones for 30 minute period. However, this method is inefficient since it requires manually charging batteries, gathering data, and operate drones with many numbers of policeman. Therefore, in this paper, for the efficient patrol in this purpose, I have suggested an effectively manageable network system consists of many drones as the wireless network nodes and with small numbers of policeman in a wide highway area. To accomplish this, the two topologies of effective drone patrol network systems are designed and simulated in OPNET simulator for performance evaluation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2022

This study aims to shed light on the cultural history of Hajodae(河趙臺) enjoyed by writers of the Joseon Dynasty by analyzing the origin and the contents of the landscape based on the literature materials of Hajodae in Yangyang(襄陽). The results of the study are as follows. First, Hajodae is a space that is said to have been visited by Ha Ryun(河崙) and Jo Jun(趙浚). However, since this story has not been confirmed in the literature, various opinions coexisted in history. Jo Wi-Han(趙緯韓) quoted the opinions of aged people who lived in Yangyang, saying that it could be Jo In-Byeok(趙仁壁), not Jo Jun(趙浚), and Jo Deok-Rin(趙德鄰) recorded it as "遐眺臺", which means "a stand for a distance view." There is a need to clearly present the origin of Hajodae by revealing the literary authority. Second, Hajodae was talked about as the best scenic site in Gwandong(關東) in the middle of the Joseon Dynasty. during the mid-Joseon Dynasty. The writers of the time mentioned Hajodae as one of the best scenic sites in Gwandong, which soon became a symbol of Yangyang. These records of Hajodae show a relatively decreasing trend entering the late Joseon Dynasty. It is believed to be the result of the slight degrading in the status of Hajodae as the Eight Views of Gwandong were established and Naksansa Temple(洛山寺) gained fame. Third, the writers of Joseon enjoyed the scenic sites through various landscapes of Hajodae. The open terrain on three sides allowed a sea view and provided an opportunity to develop a great spirit or to reflect on oneself. On the other hand, the strange rock formations and cliffs, which correspond to a close-up view, drew the attention of tourists, and the Rosa rugosa Thunb. blooming in the Hajodae area was enough to show a bizarre charm. This shows the various charms of Hajodae, suggesting that the management of such landscape is necessary. Fourth, a Chinese poem about Hajodae shows the spatial meaning of Hajodae. Looking into all sides of the Chinese poem about Hajodae, a case of unburdening one's mind on the landscape, and the aspect a person compared oneself to the natural landscape or projected one's consciousness onto it, and a case of recalling Ha Ryun and Jo Jun, illustrious retainers in the early Joseon Dynasty are confirmed. It can be seen that it results in the aspect of expressing one's impressions and looking back on history through the landscape.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.65-77
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• 1996

Using the 2-D and 3-D Hoffman brain phantom, 3-D Jaszczak phantom and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography, the effects of data acquisition parameter, attenuation, noise, scatter and reconstruction algorithm on image quantitation as well as image quality were studied. For the data acquisition parameters, the images were acquired by changing the increment angle of rotation and the radius. The less increment angle of rotation resulted in superior image quality. Smaller radius from the center of rotation gave better image quality, since the resolution degraded as increasing the distance from detector to object increased. Using the flood data in Jaszczak phantom, the optimal attenuation coefficients were derived as 0.12cm$\^$-1/ for all collimators. Consequently, the all images were corrected for attenuation using the derived attenuation coefficients. It showed concave line profile without attenuation correction and flat line profile with attenuation correction in flood data obtained with jaszczak phantom. And the attenuation correction improved both image qulity and image quantitation. To study the effects of noise, the images were acquired for 1min, 2min, 5min, 10min, and 20min. The 20min image showed much better noise characteristics than 1min image indicating that increasing the counting time reduces the noise characteristics which follow the Poisson distribution. The images were also acquired using dual-energy windows, one for main photopeak and another one for scatter peak. The images were then compared with and without scatter correction. Scatter correction improved image quality so that the cold sphere and bar pattern in Jaszczak phantom were clearly visualized. Scatter correction was also applied to 3-D Hoffman brain phantom and resulted in better image quality. In conclusion, the SPECT images were significantly affected by the factors of data acquisition parameter, attenuation, noise, scatter, and reconstruction algorithm and these factors must be optimized or corrected to obtain the useful SPECT data in clinical applications.