• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.124-129
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to estimate the degradation rate and process efficiency of the composting according to the salinity concentration. The samples of food waste for this study were collected in Pocheon-Gun, Kyungki-Do. The collected samples were adjusted to the optimum range of moisture content, pH and C/N ratio. After that, adding the saline, the samples with 3 different salinity concentrations(1%, 5% and 10%) were made. Then each sample was fed into the reactor with temperature controller. During the aerobic composting process, the change of the physical and chemical properties of the sample as temperature, pH, C/N ratio and $CO_2$ and $O_2$ concentration in the reactor were measured. From the experiment of this study, the result are following. The highest temperatures are $59^{\circ}C$ at RUN 1(1% salinity conc.), $49^{\circ}C$ at RUN 2(5% salinity conc.) and $45^{\circ}C$ at RUN 3(10% salinity conc.). The change of $CO_2$ production and $O_2$ consumption have the positive correlation with the change of the temperature. $CO_2$ production and $O_2$ consumption are peaked at the low salinity concentration. During composting, Run 1, RUN 2 and RUN 3 are increased pH to 8.9, 8.6 and 7.2 and slowly decreased C/N ratio to 18.9, 19.1 and 22.1 and moisture content to 51.1%, 53.7% and 55.0%, respectively. It is supposed that increasing salinity concentration causes the retarding of the microbial degradation activities during the composting. And for the efficient composting, the salinity concentration in the sample hat to be maintained below 5%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.274-274
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• 1994

본 연구에서는 토끼신장 근위세뇨관 일차배양세포에서 브라디키닌의 생리작용이 phospholipase D (PLD)에 의해 매개되는지를 살펴 보기위해 PLD 효소반응의 특이한 성질인 transphosphatidylation 반응의 생성물인 phosphatidylethanol (PEth) 의 세포내 양을 측정함으로 PLD 효소의 관련성을 규명할 수 있었다. 시간경과에 따른 phosphatidic acid (PA) 및 diacylglycerol (DAG) 의 생성을 살펴본 결과 PA가 DAG보다 먼저 생성되어 최고치 (30초)에 도달하였고 DAG는 1분이후부터 5분까지 서서히 생성되는 양상을 나타내었다. 또한 0.5에서 5％까지의 에탄올 존재하에 PA 및 PE소 생성량을 비교해본 결과 에탄올량이 증가함에 따라 PA는 감소하는 반민 PEth 의 생성은 계속 증가하였다. 한편 브라디키닌 농도 변화 실험에서는 브라디키닌농도가 증가함에 따라 PA 및 PEth 둘다 생성이 증가되었다. 이러한 결과로부터 토끼신장 근위세뇨관 세포막에 존재하는 브라디키닌수용체는 브라디키닌에 의해 activation 시 PLD를 직접적으로 활성화시켜 그들의 작용을 세포내로 전달한다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 또한 PLD 효소활성의 activator로 수용체효능 제외에 칼슘이온, protein kinase C (PKC) 등이 몇몇 다른 실험에 의해 밝혀져 있고, G protein 역시 PLD 효소 활성을 조절하는 역할이 있음이 알려졌다. calcium ionophore 및 칼슘채널길항제인 verapamil을 이용한 실험에서 우리는 브라디키닌의 PLD 활성화는 칼슘이온에 의존적인 경로 및 비의존적인 경로가 같이 존재함을 알수 있었다. 또한 브라디키닌의 PLD 활성화기전이 PKC 의존적인지를 살펴보기위해 PKC activator(PMA) 및 inhibitor (staurosporine)를 이용한 실험에서 브라디키닌은 신장세포에서 PKC를 통하여 PLD를 활성화시킴으로 신호전달을 하는 것으로 추측되었다. 마지막으로 가수분해안되는 G protein 유도체인 GTPrS 및 G protein 활성물질 NaF, 백일해독소등을 이용한 실험에서 G protein 의 PLD 조절활성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2011

Drought is a major limiting factor in turfgrass management. Turfgrass responses to water deficit depend on the amount and the rate of water loss as well as the duration of the stress condition. This review paper was designed to understand responses such as photosynthesis, canopy spectral reflectance, plant cell, root, hormone and protein alteration when turfgrass got drought stress. Furthermore, mechanisms to recover from drought conditions were reviewed in detail. However, there are still many questions regarding plant adaptation to water deficit. It is not clear that the mechanism by which plants detect water deficit and transfer that signal into adaptive responses. Turfgrass research should focus on the best management practices such as how to enhance the ability of self-defense mechanism through understanding plant responses by environmental stress.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.199-202
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 내부 개질반응에서 사용되는 고함량의 니켈촉매(Ni/Al2O3계열 촉매)제조를 위해, 요소(urea)를 이용한 균일용액 침전법을 이용하여 니켈이 고분산된 52wt% Ni/$Al_2O_3$ 촉매를 제조하였다. 제조 촉매는 BET 표면적, 니켈분산도, 니켈표면적 등 물리.화학적 물성 모두 우수하였으며, 환원 패턴은 상용촉매와 비슷하게 나타났다. 실제 반응온도인 $650^{\circ}C$에서 소성하여 화학흡착을 비교한 결과,상용촉매는 니켈분산도 및 니켈표면적이 감소한 반면 균일용액 침전법으로 제조한 촉매는 거의 변화가 없었다. 개질 성능 또한 상용촉매보다 우수하였는데, 이것은 균일용액 침전법으로 제조한 촉매는 활성점(니켈)이 지지체에 나노사이즈로 고르게 잘 분산되었기 때문이라고 판단하였다. 또한 합성온도 조절을 통해, $650^{\circ}C$ 소성 후에 물성변화를 살펴보았고 합성온도 $85^{\circ}C$에서 고분산 니켈 촉매 제조가 가능하였다.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.142-147
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• 2009

The effects of short-term waterlogging on physiological responses, fatty acid compositions and yield components of rapeseed at both the vegetative growth and the reproductive growth stages were assessed in this study. Waterlogged plants were treated for a period of 10 days at the vegetative growth stage and 4 days at the reproductive growth stage. The results show that photosynthesis and stomatal conductance at both the vegetative growth and the reproductive growth stage were significantly reduced during the waterlogging period and after the recovery period. When the plants were removed from water, photosynthesis and stomatal conductance progressively restored similar values to those of control plants within $2{\sim}3$ days. Fatty acid compositions were unaffected by waterlogging treatment. However, yield components (pod number and pod length) of the waterlogged treated plants at the reproductive growth stage were significantly reduced. These results suggest that short-term waterlogging may thus influence oilseed yield component.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.153-161
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the chlorophyll contents, photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence of Cirsium setidens and Pleurospermum camtschaticum by shading treatment. Two species were grown under non-treated (full sunlight) and three different shading condition (88~93%, 65~75% and 45%~55% of full sunlight) for the experiment. Total chlorophyll content, photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), specific leaf area (SLA), and net apparent quantum yield were increased with elevating shading level but decreased dark respiration under the low light intensity. Therefore, light absorption and light utilization efficiency were improved under the low light intensity. 45~55% of full sunlight in C. setidens and 65~75% of full sunlight in P. camtschaticum showed best maximum photosynthetic rate, net apparent quantum yield and photochemical efficiency. On the other hand, non-treated showed lower maximum photosynthetic rate, photochemical efficiency, and chlorophyll content than treated ones. These results suggest that growth of P. camtschaticum adapted to 65~75% of full sunlight and C. setidens adapted to 45~55% of full sunlight.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.643-650
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• 2003

Cyclosporin-A(CsA)는 장기와 조직 이식에 따른 거부반응을 조절하기 위해 사용되는 면역억제제로, 이식의학의 발달과 더불어 사용량이 증가하고 있다. CsA의 부작용중의 하나인 치은과증식은 30-50%의 빈도로 발발하고 있다. 최근 macrolide 계열의 항생제인 azithromycin을 이용하여 이런 부작용을 억제시킨다는 임상 보고가 있어서, 이를 실험적으로 확인하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 CsA를 투여한 적이 없는 환자에서 정상 치은조직을 채취, 치은섬유아세포를 배양하였다. 우선 CsA에 대한 치은섬유아세포의 반응을 보기 위해 다양한 농도($10^{-8}-10^{-10}$g/ml)로 처치하여, 세포 증식량과 교원질 합성량을 MTT assay와 Sirol Collagen Assay를 이용하여 측정하였다. 이에 반응을 보인 조건과 세포를 대상으로 다양한 농도($10^{-8}-10^{-10}$g/ml)의 azithromycin을 CsA와 동시 처치하여 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. CsA는 일부 치은섬유모세포의 증식을 증가시켰다. 그러나 Collagen 합성능에는 변화를 주지 않았다. 2. Azithromycin은 정상 치은섬유아세포의 증식능에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 3. Azithromycin은 CsA 에 반응을 보인 세포의 증식을 감소시켰으며, 이는 정상 수준과 유사하였다. 이상의 결과에서 azithromycin이 CsA에 의한 치은과증식 치료에 유익하다고 사료된다.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.138-147
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• 1992

Chemically-modified electrodes were fabricated and their electrocatalytic behaviors have been investigated. As a modifying layer, poly-[1-methyl-3-(pyrrol-1-ylmethyl) pyridinium] was electropolymerized onto Pt electrodes under constant current. The thickness of the polymer film was controlled by means of total charge consumed during the electropolymerization. SEM was used to measure the thickness. There was a linear relationship between the passed charge and the film thickness. Ferro/ferricyanide, used as an electron mediator in this study, was rapidly ion-exchanged into the polymer layer with its concentration of 1.2~1.3M. It was found that electrooxidation of ascorbic acid is catalyzed by incorporated ferri/ferrocyanide couple. Kinetic parameters for electrooxidation were determined by RDE experiments. The results indicate that the present system corresponds to ER+S case based on the Saveant theory. Improving methods have been proposed to be R+S case which is ideal for electrocatalysis.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.146-154
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• 2019

In this study, alkoxysilane-functionalized amphiphilic polymer (AFAP), which have hydrophilic segment and hydrophobic segment functionalized by alkoxysilane group at the same backbone, was synthesized and used as a dispersant and control agent for reaction rate in the preparation of colloidally stable organic-inorganic (O-I) hybrid sols. After reaction with fluorosilane compounds, fluorinated O-I hybrid sols were prepared and coated onto glass substrate to form hydrophobic O-I hybrid coating films through low-temperature curing process. Surface hardness and hydrophobicity of cured coating films were varied with type of solvent and composition of AFAP and fluorinated alkoxysilane compounds. At appropriate solvent and composition of fluorinated alkoxysilane compounds, O-I hybrid coating film having high transparency and surface hardness could be prepared, which could be applicable to cover window of solar cell and displays.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.448-461
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• 2013

Inflammatory bowel disease, known as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is an unexplained disease characterized by chronic inflammation that repeats a cycle of relapse, improvement, and complications. The cause of inflammatory bowel disease is not clearly known, but it is predicted that a complex of various factors precipitate its occurrence. In particular, inflammatory mediators, such as cytokine, induce an increase in cell-mediated inflammatory responses. Focal tissue damage then occurs in the intestinal mucosa because of the weakening of the immune-modulating functions of cotton. Immune and inflammatory responses do not decrease appropriately but continue until they lead to chronic inflammation. Current research has focused on the cytokine genes, which have important roles in these inflammatory responses. Cytokine is a glycoprotein that is produced mostly in activated immune cells. It connects the activation, multiplication, and differentiation between immune cells, which causes focal tissue damage and inflammatory response. Moreover, butyrate, which originates in dietary fiber and plays an important role in the structure and function of the intestinal area, shows control functions in the intestinal immune system by decreasing the proinflammatory cytokine and increasing the anti-inflammatory cytokine. Therefore, this research investigated the molecular mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effects of butyrate to comprehend the cytokine controlling abilities of butyrate in the immune cells. Butyrate is expected to have potential in new treatment strategies for inflammatory bowel disease.