• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.749-753
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• 2008

Proprioception defined it as the ability to detect, the spatial position or movement of joints using balance, power of the muscle, agility in the internal parts of the body. In existing study for improvement of proprioception, reaching task training provided a feedback; the assessment was not provided a feedback. But, this has problem that it can not guide a proprioception from situation with visual feedback. Virtual reality technique can solve the problem of way providing feedback during training. In this study, we developed proprioception training program using virtual reality and pilot study is performed. VR task were composed three modes. In mode 1, real-time movement of the body was provided using visual feedback. In mode 2, body position was provided using visual feedback when participant have specific response. And in mode 3, body position was not provided. VR task is performed five sessions at each mode and one session performed one by one a three target. In the result of this study, the moving time toward the target from mode 3 was smaller than the moving time toward the target from mode 1 (p= 0.001). The correlation was statistically significant between mode 2 and mode 3 while be offering visual feedback position of mode 2 1session. But, the correlation was not statistically significant between mode 2 and mode 3 after be offered visual feedback position of mode2 1session (p = 0.012). Training environment of mode 1 shows which training used visual feedback than proprioception. Mode2 can execute training of proprioception because first session acquires visual feedback by proprioception. The next study will be verification of the system for training or assessment by clinical experiment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.651-663
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• 2016

Corn silk, Job's tears, Lentinus edodes, and apple peel 70% ethanol extracts (CS, JT, LE, and AP) were studied for their antioxidant activities. CS among all extracts showed the highest antioxidant activities based on total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, 2,2-diphenyl-${\beta}$-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) radical scavenging activity, and reducing power. Adipocyte differentiation was investigated by Oil Red O staining assay using CS, JT, LE, AP, and extract of developed bread containing corn silk, Job's tears, Lentinus edodes, and apple peel (DB) treated to 3T3-L1 adipocytes. DB1 and DB2 showed anti-adipogenic and antioxidant effects. Triglyceride (TG) accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells was measured, and among the samples tested (CS, JT, LE, and AP), CS was found to have the highest inhibitory activity against TG accumulation of differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes and regulated factors associated with adipogenesis. CS suppressed lipid droplet formation and adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. We examined the effects of CS on the levels of CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein ${\beta}(C/EBP{\beta})$, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor ${\gamma}(PPAR{\gamma})$, and adipocyte-specific lipid binding protein (aP2) mRNA as well as protein levels in 3T3-L1 cells treated with CS at various concentrations (0, 10, 50, and $100{\mu}g/mL$) during adipocyte differentiation and treatment with CS in 3T3-L1 adipocytes down-regulated expression of $PPAR{\gamma}$ and aP2 mRNA. CS also significantly inhibited up-regulation of $C/EBP{\beta}$, $PPAR{\gamma}$, and aP2 proteins during adipocyte differentiation. These data indicate that DBs have anti-adipogenic activity induced by CS in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, and CS exerts anti-adipogenic activity by inhibiting expression of $C/EBP{\beta}$, $PPAR{\gamma}$, and aP2 signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. JT, LE, and AP had no inhibitory effects on differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes but displayed strong antioxidant effects. These results suggest that the developed bread may be a health beneficial food that can prevent or treat obesity and diseases induced by oxidative stress.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.279-287
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• 1994

To develop mixed pesticides of herbicide and topdressing fertilizer for paddy rice, twelve mixtures were formulated with combination of urea coated with different level of acrylic acid wax(AAW) and four herbicides, which were thiobencarb, pretilachlor, mefenacet + bensulfuron-methyl and mefenacet + bensulfuron-methyl + dymron, and effects of the mixtures for weed control, phytotoxicity and rice tillering were investigated in the laboratory and the field experiments. Release rates of active ingredient of herbicides in the distilled water were over 90% during 24 hours same as that of the reference herbicides. The release rates of nitrogen showed different patterns according to coated level of granular urea with acrylic acid wax. Optimum release rate of nitrogen as $NH_4-N$ was obtained by 5.5% AAW coating on urea for thiobencarb or pretilachlor mixture, and by 4.0% AAW coating on urea for mefenacet + bensulfuron-methyl or mefenacet + bensulfuron-methyl + dymron mixture. The pesticide active ingredients of the mixtures were stable, which showed $3.7{\sim}8.0%$ of degradation rate after 90 days of storage under $50^{\circ}C$. Effects on weed control of mixtures were acceptable for both annual and perennial weeds, while ACRI-M9213 mixture showed considerable phytotoxicity at double dose of standard. When treated the mixed pesticides to paddy rice, rice growth status including culm length, ear length, panicle number and polished rice yield exhibited no significant differences compared with the conventional treatment.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.172-176
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• 2003

Purpose : This study was designed to evaluate the perception of cancer in the students of Korea University. Methods : 1,000 students of Korea University were surveyed by questionnaire from March 2001 to September 2002. Nine hundred ninety two complete questionnaires were returned. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, and Chi-square analysis using the SPSS program. Results : 701 students (76.1%) replied that cancer is a curable disease. However, the degree of satisfaction for cancer treatment with modem clinical medicine was low (37.5%). Moreover, they thought that there was no difference between the efficacy of treatment by chemotherapy, alternative medicine, or dietary modification. But, the positive evaluation for the effectiveness of chemotherapy in the students who had cancer patients in their families was higher than that in the students without the experience of cancer patients in their families. Six hundred ninety four students (75.3%) replied positively for euthanasia in terminal cancer patients. And they thought that the dignity and the right of the patients were the most important point that should be considered in making the decision of euthanasia. Conclusions : The credibility to modem clinical medicine for cancer treatment was relatively low in the students of Korea University who had no cancer patients in their families. So, further studies and trials will be warranted to evaluate the causes of these results and improve the credibility of modem clinical medicine for cancer treatment in the general population.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.98-108
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• 1974

Fourteen varieties of Korean chestnut were subjected to the test of adaptability for processing and the possibilities of colored products development. The fruit size of Korean chestnut ranged $11{\sim}18g$ and these small fruits could not be expected to be utilized for the processing of Marron glaces which requires larger size as $25{\sim}30g$. As the storge period is extended the discoloration tendency of chestnut flesh was increasingly developed, however, the fresh chestnut has shown layer-separating phenomenon and ragged surface of fruit which delivers disagreeable appearance to the finished product. The principal factors of discoloration occurred during processing were the behavior of tannin and darkening rate shown on flesh differed each other among varieties; the Chukpa and Yuma variety have exhibited the most serious discoloration and the Taab-b variety, the lightest. Taab-b variety in this connection could be expected to be available for Kanroni processing. For the industrialization of chestnut processing the flame-scorched peeling method is advisable. The capacity of this method is proportional to the square of scorching radius and highly flexible in controlling its performance. As for the processing of colored product, the sugar dehydration and coating and the sugar penetration method demand further study in basical views; however, the canned product of chestnut-redbean has shown the possibility of being utilized as a substitute for or paralleled use with the sugar-syruped canned product which so far has been considered as the only item of export to Japan.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.138-145
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• 2007

The effects of amylopectin and hydrocolloid (locust bean gum and guar gum) content on wheat flour dough and noodle properties were investigated. As the amount of amylopectin increased, the water absorption rate (farinograph), the tension (tension test), the gel stability (freeze-thawing treatment), and the springiness and the cohesiveness (TPA) increased, but the pasting temperature (RVA), the lightness and yellowness (color measurement), and the hardness (TPA) tended to decrease. In sensory evaluations, the scores for cohesiveness, springiness, and acceptability of cooked noodle increased as the proportion of amylopectin increased. The proper combination of amylose/amylopectin ratio and hydrocolloids improved the freeze-thaw stability and the sensory acceptability of wheat flour dough and noodle.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.205-208
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• 2005

최근 열선 화학 기상 증착법(HWCVD)은 낮은 온도에서 TFT용 Poly Si 중착을 할 수 있다는 점과 실리콘 박막을 빠른 속도로 증착할 수 있다는 점에서 각광을 받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 HWCVD를 이용하여 태양전지를 제조하고 그 특성을 평가하였다. 조건에 따른 실리콘 박막의 특성 변화를 알기 위해 corning glass 및 실리콘 wafer에 다양한 조건에서 단위 박막(intrinsic layer)을 증착하였고 이 결과를 바탕으로 p/i/n 구조의 태양전지를 제조하였다. Ta 열선 온도는 1700-2000도였고 가스 원료인 $SiH_4$와 수소의 비율을 조절하면서 그 영향을 관찰하였다. 태양전지의 경우 p충과 n충은 PECVD로 증착하였으며 단위박막 및 태양전지 i충 증착시 기판과 열선간의 거리는 7cm, 기판 온도는 $200^{\circ}C$와 $250^{\circ}C$로 고정하였고 작업압력은 30mTorr였다. 단위 박막 특성 평가를 위해 암/광 전도도, SEM, Raman Scattering, FT-IR등을 사용하였으며 태양전지 특성 평가를 위해 I-V 및 Spectral response를 측정하였다. 열선 온도가 증가함에 따라 증착속도 및 결정화 분율은 증가하였다. 특히 비정질에서 결정질로 전이되는 구간은 매우 좁았으며 여러 분석 방법에서 일치되는 결과를 보였다. $SiH_4$ 유량이 늘어날수록 비정질이 결정질로 바뀌는 열선 온도가 증가하였으며 기판 온도가 낮을 경우 또한 결정으로 바뀌는 열선 온도가 증가하였다. 태양전지의 경우 열선 온도가 증가함에 따라 $V_{oc}$ 및 W가 낮아졌으며 $J_{sc}$, 는 증가하는 경향을 보였으며 결정질 비율이 증가하는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이러한 경향은 quantum efficiency 결과에서도 확인할 수 있었다.용을 반복하면서 석재 내부와 외부의 암석 및 결정에 균열과 미세열극 등이 생성되어 석재 자체의 구조적 안정성에 영향을 주고 있다. 따라서 감은사지 석탑은 지리적 환경 차이로 인해 일반적인 환경의 석조물들과는 다른 형태의 풍화양상을 보이고 있어서 풍화양상 및 풍화형태에 대한 정확한 연구와 이해를 바탕으로 보존대책이 마련되어야 한다.되었다. 이런 모든 시편들을 각 탈염방법에 따라 탈염처리한 후 XRD와 SEM-EDS으로 분석한 결과 인철광과 침철광은 어떠한 변화도 보이지 않았고, 다만 적금광으로 동정된 시편만이 잔존하지 않았다. 철기 제작별 $Cl^-$ 이온 추출량과 탈염효과에 대한 비교 실험은 이온 크로마토그래피 분석 결과와 마찬가지로 단조 철제유물이 주조 철제보다 $Cl^-$ 이온을 많이 가지고 있었으며, 탈염 처리 후에는 $Cl^-$ 이온은 전혀 발견되지 않았다. 이상의 결과 $K_2CO_3$와 Sodium 용액은 탈염처리에서 가장 적합한 탈염처리 용액으로 알수가 있었으며 특히 어떠한 탈염 용액으로 유물을 처리한다 해도 철제유물에 생성된 부식물은 제거되지 않는다는 것을 알게 되었다. 따라서 보존처리자는 유물 표면의 부식 상태만을 보고 처리하기 보다는 철기제작물로 고려하여 처리하는 것이 필요하다. 또한 금속에 부식을 야기시키는 $Cl^-$ 이온과 부식물을 완전하게 제거하여 탈염처리를 하는 것이 유물 부식을 최대한 지연시킬 수 있는 것이라 생각된다.TEX>$88\%$)였다.(P=0.063). 결론: 본 연구에서는 MTHFR C/T & T/T 유전자 다형성이 위암의 발생과 그 위치에 대해 관련이 있는 것으로 여겨지고, 흡연력, 음주력과는 관련이 없는 것으로 여겨진다.험이 커지는 경향을 보였으나, 나이 및 병기, 종양의 크기, MD-BED $Gy_{10}$ 등의 예후 인자를 보정한 다변

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.345-359
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• 2002

The purpose of the study was to provide the fundamental data to instruct athletes through the analysis athletes' movement in javelin. Three athletes in the level of national representative were participated in this study. The study analyzed kinematic variables(lead foot and releasing javelin) through 3-D analysis and obtained the following results. 1. During withdrawal, it is important to maintain of running horizontal velocity. 2. It was showed that throng average height was $84{\pm}3.3%$ and javelin adequative degree, Among the athletes, $S_2$ who had the best record was released the javelin with the fast velocity, but throw the javelin with the less releasing velocity. 3. $S_2$ released after lead foot were completely landed and therefore it is no problem in a kinematic aspect. However, $S_1$ angle was too small. it caused increase of release velocity to be prevented. 4. $S_2$ showing the best result indicated shorter in duration time. Generally, the shorter duration time in release phase showed the longer release distance. Especially $S_1$ and $S_3$ showing the worse result indicated the longer duration time in preparatory phase, causing the breakup of force. Therefore to improve the record, it should be decreased the duration time in preparatory phase. 5. Compared with $S_1$ and $S_3$, $S_2$ showing the best record indicated the higher velocity in center of mass, trunk, upper arm, lower arm and hand That is the higher velocity of upper arm at release leaded the better velocity transfer from upper arm to following lower arm and hand, these action should be considered to be helpful of better record. According to the above conclusion, when the athletic leaders cauch athletes, they should focus on maintaining knee angle, upper body and hip angle in a previous stage of release and throwing angle, throwing height, throwing velocity in a release stage.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.314-324
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• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate whether 1) photosynthetic pigments(chlorophylls and carotenoids) are formed in dodder plant(Cuscuta australis), 2) there are any characteristics in the pigment biosynthesis, compared to that of other normal plants, and 3) dodder responds to some herbicides having target site on chloroplast. 1. Chlorophyll content of dodder tendrill grown under a natural daylight was 9 times and 50 times lower than that of field bindweed stem and leaf, respectively. 2. The photosynthetic pigment contents varied in different tissues, being higher in a apical region than in a lower region of seedling or tendrill. Chlorophyll wasn't almost observed below the 4th internode from the upper. 3. Pigment contents were greatly dependent on light intensity so that there were 4 to 6 times difference among light conditions. When the shoot containning low pigment contents under natural light, was incubated in growth chamber with various light intensities, the pigment contents were increased by 3 times of initial contents at about 97${\mu}E$ $m^{-2}s^{-1}$PAR. While the change in pigment contents was not observed at above 450${\mu}E$ $m^{-2}s^{-1}$PAR 4. Exogenous supply of 5mM 5-aminolevulinic acid increased protochlorophyllide by 7 times and 1.4 times in the etiolated shoot from field bindweed rhizome and in dodder stem, respectively, showing that dodder relatively has a low response to 5-aminolevulinic acid. 5. Pigment loss was observed in the treatment of paraquat, norflurazon, oxyfluorfen and diuron, and protoporphyrin IX was accumulated by oxyfluorfen as in normal plants Based on above results, several chracteristics of pigment biosynthesis in dodder seem to be summerized as follows. Photosynthetic pigment biosynthesis in Cuscuta australis runs even in low level. The pigment contents is differentially distributed in different regions and their contents seem significantly to be controlled by light intensities. Especially, chloroplast rapidly tends to degenerate with the development of tissue. Some herbicides having target site on chloroplast induce damage to dodder stem but are unlikely to control it well in field, except paraquat, due to low chloroplast activity and parasitic mode of nutrition.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2011

Domestic dairy industry is now standing at the crossroad for planning next fifty years, mainly because economic and environmental situations surrounding Korean peninsula are fast changing. For the aspects of dairy consumption, fresh milk consumed less, while consumption of the other milk and dairy products is slightly increasing every year. In 2010, it is approximately estimated that 1,939,000 tons of raw milk was used and the supply would be short by about 35,000 tons, based on the amounts in the previous year. Currently, multilateral negotiations against US and EU are underway. When it will be in effect in the future, significant damage would be expected in the dairy and livestock sectors, leading to cut domestic milk supply. Quality of farm-gate milk is graded as 1A on average 90% or more, loaded with very low in microbial and somatic cell counts. Therefore, policy implications have to be placed toward switch currently the UHT processing method to Pasteurization or the LTLT technology, by which natural flavors and nutrients in milk mostly remain after heat treatment. Domestic cheese products comprise only 10% and the rest is occupied by the various kinds of imported natural products. The market size keeps increasing up to 65,423,000 tons last year. When it comes to vitalization of our natural cheese industry, cheese whey, which is a main by-product in cheese manufacture, is a critical issue to be solved and also "On-Farm Processing" would be combined with a growth of big dairy companies when few immediate issues among the relevant regulations will be eased and alleviated in the near future. Fermented milk market is recorded as a single area of gradual increase in the past 10 years, Korea. Fermented yogurts with health claims targeted stomach, liver, and intestine are popular and has grown fast in sales amounts. In this context, researches on beneficial probiotic lactic acid bacteria are one of the important projects for domestic milk and dairy industries. Labelling regulations on efficacy or health-promoting effects of functional dairy products, which is the most important issue facing domestic dairy processors, should be urgently examined toward commercial expression of the functionality by lawful means. Colostrum, a nutrition-rich yellowish fluid, is roaded with immune, growth and tissue repair factors. Bovine colostrum, a raw material for immune milk preparations and infant formula, can be used to treat or prevent infections of the gastrointestinal tract. Nanotechnology can be applied to develop new milk and dairy products such as micro-encapsulated lactase milk for consumers suffering lactose intolerance. Raw milk is suggested to be managed by its usage in the processing line because imbalance of supply and demand is structural problem in every country and thus the usage systems as in the advanced dairy countries is worth of bench-marking to stabilize milk supply and demand. Raw milk produced is desirable to divide into the three parts; domestic, import, and buffering purposes. It is strongly recommended that a domestic dairy control center as an institutional framework should be urgently established as is Dairy Board in New Zealand and Australia. Lastly, government policy should be directed to foster the highly-educated people who are majoring in Dairy Sciences or working in the dairy industry by means of financial support in studying and training abroad as well.