• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2023

This study examined the utility of the acoustic features of vowels as cues for the place of articulation of Korean nasal consonants. In the acoustic analysis, spectral and temporal parameters were measured at the 25%, 50%, and 75% time points in the vowels neighboring nasal consonants in samples extracted from a spontaneous Korean speech corpus. Using these measurements, linear discriminant analyses were performed and classification accuracies for the nasal place of articulation were estimated. The analyses were applied separately for vowels following and preceding a nasal consonant to compare the effects of progressive and regressive coarticulation in terms of place of articulation. The classification accuracies ranged between approximately 50% and 60%, implying that acoustic measurements of vowel intervals alone are not sufficient to predict or classify the place of articulation of adjacent nasal consonants. However, given that these results were obtained for measurements at the temporal midpoint of vowels, where they are expected to be the least influenced by coarticulation, the present results also suggest the potential of utilizing acoustic measurements of vowels to improve the recognition accuracy of nasal place. Moreover, the classification accuracy for nasal place was higher for vowels preceding the nasal sounds, suggesting the possibility of higher anticipatory coarticulation reflecting the nasal place.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.455-464
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• 2009

Based on the observation that Korean speakers of English have difficulties in producing English fricatives, a perception experiment was designed to investigate whether Korean speakers also have difficulties perceiving English labial consonants including fricatives. Forty Korean college students were asked to perform a multiple-choice identification test. The consonant perception test consisted of nonce words which contained English labial consonants [p, b, f, v] in 4 different prosodic locations: initial onset position, intervocalic position before stress, intervocalic position after stress, and final coda position. The general perception pattern was that the mean accuracy rates were higher in strong position like CV and VCVV than in weak position like VC and VVCV. The difficulties in perceiving the English targets resulted mainly from bidirectional manner confusion between stop and fricative across all prosodic locations. The other types of misidentification were due to place confusion as well as voicing confusion. Place confusion was generated mostly by the target [f] in all prosodic position due to acoustic properties. Voicing confusion was heavily influenced by prosodic position. The misperception of the participants was accounted for by phonetic properties and/or the participants' native language properties.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.424-433
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• 2015

This study tried to investigate the differences between auditory preferences for a discrimination study of minimal pairs with the different onset and the same nucleus of a syllable on the basis of articulator-distance in case of Korean infants and toddlers. As a result we found a main effect for articulator-distance and age but not an effect according to the types of phonation especially in terms of tense. Former results are line with the previous studies having reported the order of consonants acquisition based on the places of articulation suggesting that more sensitive responses for the contiguous and different phonemes may lead earlier acquisition for the same place of articulation of the speech sounds. Specifically, bilabial soudns are followed by alveolar and palatal sounds in order. The latter results also showed that tense consonants got a high rate of recognition beside lax consonants according to the age and sex.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.99-109
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• 2024

Coarticulation is affected by the continuous movement of the articulator within a limited time and space through the neighboring segments and various overlaps. This study investigated the differences in coarticulation characteristics of children with reading disabilities and nondisabled children in CVC and VCV syllables consisted of stops, affricates, and vowels (a, i, u). The subjects were 13 children with reading disabilities and nondisabled children in the 2nd to 6th grades in elementary school. Two second formants were measured. One was measured at the point where the vowel began, and the other was measured at the mid point of the vowel stable section. Regression analysis was performed with F2 onset and F2 of the following vowel to obtain the locus equation (LE). 3-way ANOVA was conducted to the slope of the LE according to the groups (reading disabilities vs. nondisabled), places of articulation, and phonation types. In CVC syllable, dyslexic children showed a flatter slope than nondisabled children. With respect to the places of articulation, velar or bilabial sounds showed steeper LE slope than alveolar or palatal sounds. There were no main effects regarding group and phonation types variable for VCV syllable, and the significant differences in the places of articulation were also differed from the results for the CVC syllables. This study confirmed that dyslexic children showed a different pattern of coarticulation slope depending on the syllable structure. We also found that the higher pause rate of the dyslexic children had a stronger effect on the coarticulation in VCV structures.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.579-584
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• 2010

Purpose : The number of the repatriated Korean students who had overseas study at early ages is increasing. They received foreign education, they can speak international languages, but they have many difficulties in articulation and intonation of the Korean language. This study aims to measure closure and aspiration duration, length of consonants, length of subsequent vowels, and ratio of consonants against subsequent vowels in vowel-consonant-vowel (VCV) syllables. Methods : This study compares the acoustic and phonetic characteristics of repatriated and native students, the ratio of articulation error of Korean plosives, the closure and aspiration duration, and the ratio of the aspiration duration against the closure duration. Results : The ratio of articulation error of Korean plosives between repatriated and native students is 19% and 2%, respectively. The closure duration was significantly longer in repatriated students than in native students. The aspiration duration was significantly longer in repatriated students than in native students. No difference was found in the ratio of aspiration duration against closure duration between the native and repatriated students. Conclusion : This study can be a good reference for estimating the phonetic difficulties of Korean elementary students who had overseas study at early ages.

• MALSORI
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• no.29_30
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• pp.95-104
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• 1995

최근 음운론에서 lateral 자질이 자질수형도에서 어디에 위치하는가에 대해 두 가지 접근이 있어 왔다. Levin(1988)은 lateral이 coronal에만 나타나는 제약에 기초해서, lateral 자질이 coronal 마디의 의존자질이라고 주장한다. 이에 반해 Rice & Avery(1991), 그리고 Shaw(1991)는 lateral 자질이 자질수형도의 위쪽에 위치한다고 주장한다. 이 두 이론을 비교하기 위해 본 논문에서는 다음과 같은 내용의 음운론적인 요소들과 음성학적인 요소들을 고려한다. 첫째, 음성학에서 lateral의 기능은 lateral이 일반적으로 수형도 위쪽에 위치하는 것으로 간주되는 조음방법 자질이라는 것을 시사한다. 둘째, Papuan 언어군에서 보고된 Velar lateral의 존재는 lateral이 coronal에만 나타난다는 제약을 무효화하면서 Levin이론의 전제를 의심스럽게 한다. 셋째, 몇 가지 다른 유형의 동화 현상에 대한 논의는 동화현상이 lateral이 수형도의 위쪽에 위치하는 이론에서 더 잘 설명된다는 것을 보여 준다. 마지막으로 Chumash와 Tahltan의 coronal harmony에서 나타나는 lateral의 transparency와 Cambodian과 Javanese에서 나타나는 OCP효과 따위도 lateral이 조음위치 마디의 의존 자질인 이론에서는 설명될 수 없는 underspecified lateral의 증거를 제시한다. 이와 같은 논의에 기초해서 본 논문의 결과는 lateral이 수형도 위쪽에 위치한다는 주장이 옳음을 보여준다.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.306-313
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• 2013

Speech is complex psycho-physiological mutual process which includes many orofacial organs. Especially, teeth play an especially important role as an articulation organ in conjunction with the lips and tongue. When teeth are missing, the position of tongue and mandible is adjusted to produce correct sound. If a patient's adaptive function is inadequate for modification of malocclusion, prosthodontic and orthodontic interventions are necessary. Missing teeth of young patients should be reconstructed bacause it can cause malocclusion, decreased masticatory efficiency, articulation disorders, esthetic problem, and temporomandibular disorder. Valplast$^{(R)}$(Valplast International Corp, New York, USA) flexible denture is useful for rehabilitation due to its excellent physical properties, esthetics, and small volume. This case is regardingan intellecturally disabled patient with anarticulation disorder caused by missing lower incisors due to trauma. The patient showed improvement in articulation by using flexible partial denture. The purpose of this report is to figure out the influence of missing lower anterior teeth on articulation.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.77-86
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• 2022

This study aimed to investigate the voice onset time (VOT) of plosives in the VCV syllables by the place of articulation and phonation type spoken by children with bilateral cochlear implants (CIs) in comparison with children with typical hearing (TH). In all, 15 children with bilateral CIs and 15 children with TH participated in this study, aged between 5 to 10 years. All children produced 9 VCV syllables and their VOT were analyzed by the Praat software. There was no significant difference in mean VOT between children with bilateral CIs and children with TH. However, there was a significant difference in mean VOT by the place of articulation, such that the VOT for velars were longer than those for bilabials and alveolars. Additionally, there was a significant difference in mean VOT by the phonation type, such that the VOT of aspirated consonants were longer than those of lenis and fortis consonants. The results of this study suggest that children with bilateral CIs can distinguish the acoustic properties of plosive consonants and control the speech timing between the structures of the larynx and the oral cavity at a similar level as children with TH.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• autumn
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• pp.89-92
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 한국어 대용량 음성인식 시스템의 기초가 되는 자소(grapheme)가 지니는 음가를 분류하였다. 한국어 자소를 음성-음운학적으로 조음 위치와 방법에 따라 분류하여, 그 음가 분석에 관한 연구와 함께 한국어 음성인식에서 앞으로 많이 논의될 청음음성학(auditory phonetics)에 대하여 연구하였다. 한국어는 발음상의 구조와 특성에 따라 음소 분리가 가능하여 초성, 중성, 종성 자소로 나눌 수 있다. 본 논문에서 초성은 자음음소 18개, 중성은 모음 음소(단모음, 이중모음) 17개, 그리고 'ㅅ' 추가 8종성체계의 자음음소로 하였다. 청음음성학적 PLU(Phoneme Like Unit)의 구분 근거는 우리가 맞춤법 표기에서 주로 많이 틀리는 자소(특히, 모음)는 그 음가가 유사한 것으로 판단을 하였으며, 그 유사음소를 기반으로 작성한 PLU는 자음에 'ㅅ' 종성을 추가하였고, 모음에 (ㅔ, ㅐ)를 하나로, (ㅒ, ㅖ)를 하나로, 그리고 모음(ㅚ, ㅙ, ㅞ)를 하나의 자소로 분류하였다. 혀의 위치와 조음 방법과 위치에 따라 분류한 자음과 모음의 자소를 HTK를 이용하여 HMM(Hidden Markov Model)의 자소 Clustering하여 그것의 음가를 찾는 결정트리를 검색하여 고립어인식과 핵심어 검출 시스템에 적용 실험한 결과 시스템의 성능이 향상되었다.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.182-187
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• 2007

The present study was to investigate the speech intelligibility of esophageal speech, which is the way that the laryngectomized people who lost their voices by total laryngectomy can phonate by using the airstream driven into esophagus, not trachea. Three normal listeners transcribed the CVVand VCV syllables produced by 10 esophageal speakers. As a result, overall intelligibility of esophageal speech was 27%. Affricates showed the highest intelligibility, and fricatives, the lowest. In the aspect of the place of articulation, palatals were the most intelligble, and alveolars, the least. Most of the aspirated consonants showed a low intelligibility. The consonants in VCV syllables were more intelligible than the ones in CVV syllables. The low intelligibility of esophageal speakers is due to insufficient airflow intake into esophagus. Therefore, training to increase airflow intake, as well as correct articulation training, will improve their low intelligibility.