• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.117-124
• /
• 2019

PURPOSE: This study was to investigate the effects of crocodile breathing exercise on pain, muscle tone, and muscle stiffness of non-specific low back pain patients. METHODS: The subjects were 37 patients with nonspecific low back pain. The patients were divided into two groups. The experimental group (EG) performed crocodile breathing exercise and the control group (CG) performed chest expansion breathing exercise. The intervention was conducted for 10 minutes every day for a total of eight weeks. Pain was measured using a VAS. Muscle tone and stiffness were measured using Myoton PRO. Two points were measured for muscle tone and muscle stiffness. They were measured at 30mm from the spinous process of the L1 and T10 vertebra. RESULTS: Pain, muscle tone and muscle stiffness at the T10 level showed a significant decrease in both EG and CG. Muscle tone and muscle stiffness in the L1 level area decreased significantly in the experimental group but the control group did not show any difference. The only statistically significant difference was observed in the L1 muscle tone between the pre and post intervention values. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that Crocodile breathing is a good method for managing pain, muscle tone, and muscle stiffness in non-specific low back pain patients.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2011.05a
• /
• pp.363-367
• /
• 2011

In this paper a simulator for Integrated Onboard Signalling System(IOSS) will be presented and illustrated. IOSS which is integrated with there signalling systems such as ERTMS/ETCS Level 1 ATP(Automatic Train Protection), ATC(Automatic Train Control) and ATS(Automatic Train Stop) is a signalling system for HEMU-400X(Highspeed Electric Multiple Unit - 400km/h eXperiment). HEMU-400X is under development as the next generation high-speed train in Korea. Before conducting a trial run of HEMU-400X with IOSS, we must carry out functional test of IOSS. The simulator is suggested in this paper for testing and verification of IOSS. The simulator can help to test all function of IOSS although a real train and trackside equipments are not existed. Also the simulator can make a fault in trackside equipment intentionally. In that scenario, we can figure out how IOSS handle emergency situations.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2011.10a
• /
• pp.2782-2786
• /
• 2011

In this paper a protocol design for bus network communication between onboard signalling system and MMI(Man Machine Interface) will be presented and illustrated. Recently, many onboard signailling systems adopt hot standby for safety reasons. Hot standby is a method of redundancy in which the primary and secondary systems run simultaneously. It is convenient to use bus network(bus topology) in a hot standby system for communication between onboard signalling system and MMI. Because bus network is the simplest way to connect multiple clients such as onboard signalling system, MMI and etc. However, there are many problems when two clients want to transmit at the same time on the same bus. A effective protocol is necessary to solve that problems. We will describes protocol design which is useful when onboard signalling systems and MMIs are connected via RS485(Bus Network).

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2011.10a
• /
• pp.245-250
• /
• 2011

ERTMS/ETCS Level 1 ATP, ATC and ATS are Signaling Systems adopted in korea. For operating in three different trackside signaling systems, train must have individual onboard signaling systems, ATP, ATC and ATS. Three signaling systems in one train is the main cause to increase installation and maintenance cost. Also it is need more effort to change a onboard signaling system depend on the trackside signaling system. those things should lead to decrease efficiency of the onboard signaling system. one integrated onboard signaling system for ATP, ATC and ATS is the good solution for those problems. IOSS is an integrated Onboard Signaling System and still developing. In this paper, we introduce the methodology of model-based development of IOSS. IOSS has one superviser process and several functional blocks to process individual signaling system s. Rhapsody which is CASE tool is used to construct the structure and develop the software for IOSS.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
• /
• 1996.06a
• /
• pp.3-7
• /
• 1996

In this paper, the performances of OFDM and MC-CDMA systems in a slowly-varying multipath fading environment is investigated. Time variation of the multipath channel leads to both a change of an optimal coefficient in one-tap equalizer and a loss of subchannel orthogornality, resulting in significant performance loss. A new simple one-tap equalizer which can reduce the effect of slowly time-varying multipath channel is proposed by taking into account time-variation of multipath profile and modifying the previous equalization techniques. It is demonstrated by computer simulation that the performances of OFDM and MC-CDMA systems can be improved by using the proposed one-tap equalizers when the multipath channel is slowly varying.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 1999.10a
• /
• pp.347-348
• /
• 1999

• Journal of Energy Engineering
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.166-173
• /
• 1999

본 연구는 램지가격결정방식과 효율적요소가격결정방식을 이용하여 향후 국내 가스산업의 배관망공동이용시 발전용 천연가스의 가격 및 이용료 수준을 파악할 수 있는 천연가스 가격 결정의 이론적 모형을 도출하였다. 또한 사례분석을 통하여 램지가격결정방식(RCPR)과 효율적요소가격결정방식(ECPR)하에서 도출된 최적 가격 및 최적 이용료를 비교·분석하였고 결정변수들이 가격과 이용료에 미치는 영향에 대해서 분석하였다. 그 결과 RCPR에 의한 최적 이용료는 쿠르노 불완전 경쟁하에서 한계직접비용 보다 낮게 도출된데 반해서 ECPR에서는 한계직접비용보다 높게 도출됨으로써 가격결정방식에 따라 최적 이용료의 수준이 상이함을 보였다. 또한 도시가스용 및 발전용 가격은 RCPR 하에서 신규사업자 수가 증가할수록 하락하였고 이용료는 증가하여 한계비용에 접근하였다. 한편 최적 발전용 가격과 최적 이용료는 한계직접비용이 클수록 증가되었고, 역가격탄력성이 클수록 최적 발전용 가격은 증가하는 반면에 최적 이용료는 감소하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
• /
• 2004.05a
• /
• pp.454-457
• /
• 2004

Due to social problems such as the increasing of land price and the expanding of city, buildings require more complex and bigger components and structure. However, the complex and massive building projects need new technology to solve effect of local buckling and the needs for more space. Hence, Concrete Filled Tube Steel (CFT), the tube steel to hold concrete during pouring and curing of concrete procedure, which helps to reduce local buckling and space, was developed. Most researches on CFT might not be focused on the characteristic of concrete 'filled in tube but structural analysis. However, it is the essential factor to increase the strength of concrete on CFT for having efficient results. Therefore, this paper will describe how to apply CFT into the construction site through examining High Strength Concrete $(800kg/cm^2)$, the strength of core, and bleeding during pouring strategy.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2009.07a
• /
• pp.754_755
• /
• 2009

This paper deals with the characteristics analysis & optimum design of Synchronous Reluctance Motor (SynRM) with anisotropy rotor using a coupled Finite Element Method (FEM) & Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The focus of this paper is the characteristics analysis & optimum design relative to the output power on the basis of rotor materials of a SynRM. The coupled Finite Elements Analysis (FEA) & Preisach model have been used to evaluate nonlinear solutions. Comparisons are given with characteristics of normal synchronous reluctance motor and those of anisotropy rotor SynRM (ANISO-SynRM), respectively. The feasibility of using RSM with FEM in practical engineering problem is investigated with computational examples and comparison between the fitted response and the results obtained from an analytical solution according to the design variables of rotor in anisotropy rotor SynRM.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2009.07a
• /
• pp.718_719
• /
• 2009

This paper deals with the loss analysis and efficiency evaluations in a synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM) using a coupled transient finite element method (FEM) and Preisach modeling, which is presented to analyze the characteristics under the effect of saturation and hysteresis loss. The focus of this paper is the efficiency evaluation relative to hysteresis loss, copper loss, etc. on the basis of speed, load condition in a SynRM. Computer simulation and experimental result for the efficiency using dynamometer show the propriety of the proposed method.