• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.51-64
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• 2019

Mt. Geumgang has been a scenic spot representing the Korean peninsula since the Joseon Dynasty, and became a symbol of inter-Korean exchanges with the Gaesong Industrial Complex after the division of the South and North. Mt. Geumgang Tour Course is divided into the Inner-Geumgang (Naegeumgang) and the Outer-Geumgang (Oegeumgang). It was common for the Mt. Geumgang tour route during the Joseon Dynasty and the Japanese Imperialization period to enter the Inner-Geumgang, near Seoul, and come to the East Sea through the Outer-Geumgang. However, the tour route starting from Goseong was utilized for the Mt. Geumgang tour course operated by Hyundai. Because North Korea opened only the Outer-Geumgang area. North Korea has only opened some of its tour courses to Hyundai, but if Geumgang tourism is resumed in the future, there is a high possibility that it will be opened further, such as opening some sections of the Inner-Geumgang in 2007. In this case, it is necessary to connect additional transportation networks to access Inner-Geumgang from South Korea. The best alternative was the restoration of the Mt. Geumgang Railway. However, considering the fact that the reconstruction of the Mt. Geumgang Railway can not be completed due to the construction of the Imnam Dam, it is the most realistic alternative to restore Route 31 connecting Yanggu and Geumgang-eup. As a result of the analysis of road connecting Inner-Geumgang, three routes were confirmed. All of which were adjacent to the existing National Route 31. These routes passing through Dutayeon and Mundeung-ri and joining the Route 31 from Inje. Considering road length, topography characteristics, and military facility layout, it seems that the connection of 'Dutaeyun - Mundeung - Geumgang' is a realistic alternative connecting from South Korea to Inner-Geumgang.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.9 no.4 s.33
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• pp.535-541
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• 1997

It is proper that the load distribution and the actual stress of members is analyzed by field measurement in estimating to the behavior of truss railway bridges, but those procedures are very difficult. So, the studies for the deduction of the stress, using the indirect data which are able to get from the research and investigation without field measurement, are needed. In this study, to investigate quantitically the variation of the stress of members, the stresses are obtained from the simulation which is considered the the reduction of the section area and the stiffness due to the corrosion and the degree of the stress ratio and the distribution is calculated. As the results, the stress of truss members is almost lineary increased to the decreasing of the area and the lower chord is greatly affected. And the increasing of the stress is predicted by the superposition to the results of the amount of that in each members.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.631-640
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• 2009

In this paper, Numerical analysis was conducted to study on the reduction of ground vibration level induced by subway train. The analytical results indicated that the soil properties were the predominant factor affecting the ground vibration when the tunnel was located in the soil layer. On the other hand, the rock properties were the predominant one when the tunnel was located in the rock layer. The effects of the angle between the vertical line of vibration source and the receive point on the reduction of vibration level were also evaluated. There were little difference in the reduction of vibration level when the receive point was located within $30^{\circ}$. The vibration level, however, rapidly decreased when the angle between the two points was larger than $40^{\circ}$.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.2
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• pp.35-40
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• 2000

Conservation Science Lab. of the National Museum of Korea recovered Bamboo-plated inkstone case which is used for keeping inkstick, inkstone and inkstone water container by using traditional lacquering and wooden art technology. Texture and construction method of wood, ingredients for lacquering and the method, and the design were analyzed in order to restore the original manufacturing method. Especially, perfect restoration of partially damaged lacquer surface is the most important aspect in restoring Bamboo plated inkstone case, therefore focus was put on investigation of surface lacquering. First, lacquering surface sample was taken off from the object and processed into flake and observed with transmission microscope in order to investigate lacquering method and the pigment in the lacquering surface was analyzed with XRD and SEM-EDS. The result showed that the object was decorated with thin-layered bamboo in the surface which is made of Royal paulownio. and lacquered several times with the mixture of Hematite(Fe₂O₃) and Cinnabar(HgS) in the remaining part.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.88-97
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• 1998

Large aluminium extrusions can be used in rolling stocks and high speed vessels to reduce weight and labor cost. As sandwich plates with corrugated core have enough strength in transverse and longitudinal direction, welding lines to connect members are reduced and transverse members to strength longitudinal members are not required. However, for proper design of aluminium extrusion plates, understanding of structural behaviors of the exclusions are necessary. In this paper, at first, detailed finite element analysis is carried out to understand structural behavior. And then, simple theoretical formulas for design purpose are proposed using the orthotropic plate theory. Shear stresses resulting from end twisting which is characteristics of deep aluminium extrusion plates can also be calculated by the simple theoretical formula. Comparison with the results by detailed finite element analysis shows good accuracy of the proposed simple formulas. The simple formulas can be useful in repetitive analysis in the initial design stage.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.1-36
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• 2000

Periodic markets of the later Choson dynasty had undergone fundamental changes during the late Chosun dynasty and Japanese colony period. This paper aims to analyse the spatial distributions and changes of the periodic markets in the middle stream of Han-River in this era in the use of the survey of documentary records and fieldwork. Before the early 1910s, long distance transportation was made by riverboats, short distance transportation was done by porters and pack animals. Because goods such as rice, soybean and salt were very heavy and needed long distance transport, they were mainly transported by riverboats. Accordingly, riverports on the shore of river played important roles in exporting and importing goods as nodes of long distance transportation. The opening of railroad Seoul-Busan, the construction of new roads(Sinjakno) of 1910s and the use of oxcarts produced striking changes in the spatial distribution and hierarchy structure of periodic markets. These changes also had influence on the outflow and inflow of goods in the middle stream of Han-River. In the parr of outflow of goods, it seems that the line linking Icheon city-Yongin city-Anseong city played a role in making the boundaries of the marketing areas between goods trams ported by the rail road Seoul-Busan and goods done by Han River river boats. Anseong, Osan and Suwon periodic markets located around railroad stations occupied the higher positions than those of other regions in the hierarchial structure of periodic markets. Their marketing areas could nearly overwhelm those of riverports located in the middle stream region of Han River and extend to the middle stream region of Han River as a result of decrease of transport cost through using of oxcarts and railroads. the opening of railroad Suwon-Yeoju(Suryoson) and railroad Cheonan-Janghawon(Cheonjangson) brought about changes of the structure of long distance trade again. In a part of outflow of goods, it seems that as a result of the new opening of their railroads periodic markets around railroads seized a large portion of the marketing area of the southern part of Yoju and Ichon area and therefore made extreme change in rivershipping of Han River. In the inflow part of goods, goods transported by riverboats from the downstream of Han River before the opening of railroad were imported directly from railroad stations. Accordingly, rivershipping and riverports declined. And because goods were imported by way of great periodic markets and supplied to small periodic markets and consumers before the opening of railroad, but supplied from railroad stations to small periodic markets and consumers after the opening of railroad. The volume of turnover of such great periodic markets as Anseong, Osan and Suwon periodic markets therefore declined. On the other hand, because Yangpyong area had not been yet included within the sphere of influence of railroad until 1930s, it heavily depended on rivershipping of Han River as before. But the opening of railroad Seoul-Wonju(jungangson) brought about decline of rivershipping in Yangpyong and Wonju area.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.127-142
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• 2018

Ttukseom was once a suburban area that had a government horse ranch for national use and a naenogpo (area of royal farm land). During the Japanese colonial period, a pleasure ground was built at Ttukseom, and after independence, it has been used as a park through the process of urbanization. This study examines the creation of the Ttukseom Pleasure Ground and the process through which the pleasure ground were transformed to a park. This study also explores its landscape and cultural aspects. In the 1930s, Gyeongseonggwedo (京城軌道), a private railway company, built a pleasure ground at Ttukseom to attract passengers, according to the business model of Japanese railway companies, in which recreational areas were developed near railway routes. Mass media portrayed this area as a "rural landscape" in contrast to the city. The Ttukseom Pleasure Ground emerged as a popular summer resort for Gyeongseong citizens. At the same time, it was managed by Gyeongseongbu (京城府). The city of Seoul began to manage the Ttukseom Pleasure Ground following independence, and development plans for Ttukseom as a pleasure ground or a park were continuously drafted but never implemented. Even after Korea's independence, the operation and use of the pleasure ground did not change significantly from the colonial era. In the late 1980s, the Ttukseom Pleasure Ground became the Ttukseom Han River Citizen's Park, and the sandy beach of the Han River was removed. Nonetheless, the previous facilities and major activities such as an open-air swimming pool, camp ground, and areas for boat recreation remained as major park programs. When the urbanization of Ttukseom was completed, its idyllic image disappeared and it became a park instead of a pleasure ground. Since parks expand their programs, it can be concluded that by providing those kinds of programs, the Ttukseom Pleasure Ground transformed to a park.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.9 no.4 s.33
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• pp.489-500
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• 1997

The number of railway bridges in Korea reaches to about 3,000. Among them, the ratio of steel bridges is about 47%. Most of the long span railway bridges take the truss type, its number is 15 in Korea. These bridges have more than 30 years service life, it is expected that the damages of cracks and corrosion is going. Therefore, the estimation of fatigue life with random stress is considered as significant subject in maintenance. In this paper, the random stress was measured in bridges and counted the stress cycles using the rainflow counting method So, the stress range frequencies and their equivalent stress are obtained and the amplification factor for the span length, bridge types and traveling speed is assessed by the dynamic testing. From the results, the stress range of the stringer and the lower chord is higher than the other members and the characteristics of the stress histogram is varied to the loading system and the amount of the passing through trains. And the impact effects are depended on the traveling speed as well as the span length.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.83-93
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• 2023

Trapezoidal corrugated plates are often treated as orthotropic plates to simplify the modelling of the corrugation. However, this simplification is not valid at high frequencies in which the localized vibration within the parts of corrugation takes place. In this study, the vibrational and acoustical characteristics of corrugated plates are investigated up to high frequencies by means of the wavenumber domain numerical approach. Based on the findings from this numerical analysis, an approximate method to predict vibro-acoustic characteristics of corrugated plates is proposed. This approximate model consists of four equivalent plates which can represent global and local behaviours of corrugated plates. The radiation efficiency of corrugated plates is predicted from the approximate model and validated through the comparison with those of the numerical method.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.94-108
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• 2023

Onyanghaenggung Palace(temporary palace at Onyang) is an important cultural heritage that can substantially confirm the king's onhaeng(溫行) base on literature records such as <Ongungyeonggoedae(溫宮靈槐臺)>, <Oncheonhaenggungdo(溫泉行宮圖)> of 『Ongungsasil(溫宮事實)』『, Younggoedaegi(靈槐臺記)』and cultural property such as Yeonggoedae(靈槐臺) and Shinjeong Monument(神井碑). As the Onyang Tourist Hotel is located in the presumed site of the Onyanghaenggung Palace, even the identity of the Onyanghaenggung Palace site is being threatened without restoration efforts. The purpose of this study is to estimate the location of Onyanghaenggung Palace based on <Oncheonhaenggungdo> before the damages during the Japanese colonial period. To achieve these purposes, records related to Onhaeng during successive kings' terms in the Joseon Dynasty are first reviewed, before changes in the architecture of Onyanghaenggung Palace that took place in the Joseon Dynasty and damage suffered during the Japanese colonial period are summarized, and finally <Oncheonhaenggungdo>, <Eupji>, <Ancient Maps>, <Jijeokwondo> are reviewed. Based on these processes, the location of Onyanghaenggung Palace is estimated by comparing the current Onyang Tourist Hotel and the surrounding area. The results of this study are as follows. First, if the 1,758 cheok(尺) of 「Onyanggun eupji」 and 「Hoseo eupji」 are converted in Jucheok(周尺), the scope of Onyanghaenggung Palace is close to the inner circumference of the site(垈) in Jijeokwondo(1914). Second, the streamlet leading to Oncheoncheon(溫泉川) from the southern side of Onyanggwan(溫陽館), the hot spring hole in use of <Distribution Map of Hot Spring(溫泉分布見取圖)>(1925, 1928), and considering the relationship of the inner east gate(內東門), Bigak(碑閣), Sinjeong(神井) of <Oncheonhaenggungdo>, the building of Hermann Gustav Theodor Sander and the Copyright Commission's Onyang Hot Springs photograph can be estimated as the Onyanghaenggung Palace Hot-spring, namely Tangsil(湯室). Third, in the process of developing to amusement park, the transfer and relocation of the Yeonggaedae site(a governmentowned property) was requested by Gyeongnam Railway Company, but Chungcheongnam-do denied transfer and relocation of the Yeonggaedae because of the importance in the history of Onyang Hot Springs, so the government-owned Yeonggaedae Monument site were permanently preserved at the current location together with the hoe tree(Sophora japonica L.). Also, Yeonggoedae in <Tourists Attractions around Gyeongnam Railway in Joseon (朝鮮京南鐵道沿線名所交通図絵)> (1929) is shown to exist in its current location, and it can be seen that the Shinjeong Monument Pavilion was moved to the front of Shinjeonggwan (神井館). Based on the circumference of Onyanghaenggung Palace, the location of Onyanghaenggung Palace Hot Spring (Tangsil) and Yeonggaedae Monument Pavilion, changes in roads and lots of land during the Japanese colonial period and the modern period, as well as the location of Onyanghaenggung Palace and other major buildings, can be estimated to extend to the current Shimin-ro and Onyang Hot Spring Market.