• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.297-306
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• 2021

To select rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars suitable for forage-rice double cropping system, the growth and grain quality of four early maturing rice cultivars (Joun, Jopyeong, Haedamssal, and Unkwang), and the chemical properties of soils were investigated under single- (fallow-rice) and forage-rice double-cropping systems in paddy fields in Miryang, southern Korea. The soil where two forage crops [Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and oat (Avena sativa L.)] were cultivated during winter had a slightly lower pH; an increase in total nitrogen (T-N), K, Ca, and Na contents; and a slight decrease in organic matter and available P₂O₅ contents, compared with the soil fallowed during winter. This shows that the chemical properties of paddy soils can be improved by winter forage cropping. At the heading stage, the culm length, panicle length, panicle number, and leaf color of all cultivars, except for Haedamssal, were generally higher under double-cropping than under single-cropping. For Haedamssal, the culm length and leaf color did not differ between the cropping systems, but the panicle length was slightly shortened and its panicle number increased under double-cropping. After harvest, the yield of milled rice decreased for all cultivars except Haedamssal, but increased in Haedamssal under double-cropping. The head rice rate was slightly higher under double cropping, particularly in Jopyeong and Haedamssal, than under single-cropping. The protein content of milled rice under double cropping was higher and its amylose content was similar or slightly lower compared to those of rice under single cropping, resulting in decreased Toyo values for rice under double-cropping. The pasting temperature did not differ significantly between the cropping systems. However, Haedamssal had a low pasting temperature but a high Toyo value under double cropping, compared to the other three cultivars, suggesting that its palatability is relatively high. Furthermore, panicle number increased and milled rice yield did not decrease, even under double cropping. Therefore, Haedamssal seems to be the best cultivar for paddy-based double cropping with forage crops.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.146-152
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• 2015

Early-maturing Korean Japonica cultivars and Jungmo1024 were used as plant materials to evaluate hightemperature tolerance during grain filling stage. National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in Korea developed Jungmo1024, a mutant line from Namil (wild type) treated by using sodium azide (SA) as mutagen. To evaluate high-temperature tolerance, all cultivars were exposed to high-temperature (day $31.5{\pm}2.5^{\circ}C$/ night $27.5{\pm}1.3^{\circ}C$) and ordinary temperature (day $27.5{\pm}1.8^{\circ}C$/ night $24.7{\pm}1.6^{\circ}C$) during grain filling stage. In these conditions, we performed compared evaluation of grain shape such as length and width and grain quality by using a 1625 Cervitec grain inspector. High-temperature during grain filling stage caused decrease of grain shape. In grain shape such as length and width, the decrease rate of width (average 6.3%) was higher than the decrease rate of length (average 1.3%). Hence, high-temperature affected width of grain than length of grain. In addition, high-temperature showed a decided difference in rate of head rice between ordinary temperature (average 76.3%) and high-temperature (average 13.3%).As a result, Taebong, Ungwang, Manan, and Jungmo1024 seemed relatively a decent high-temperature tolerance than other cultivars. Especially, Jungmo1024 seemed remarkable rate of head rice (average $34.4{\pm}6.2%$) than other cultivars under high-temperature. It is considered that a genetic trait of Jungmo1024 can be useful to improve breeding for high-temperature tolerance.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.725-736
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• 2013

In order to acquire morphological characteristics and genetic characteristics of pathogen that causes anthrax to chestnut, anthrax was separate and identified in Gongju, chungnam chestnut plantation. Antagonistic microorganisms and plant extracts were selected for control of anthrax. Medium maturing variety treatment of 250 dilution fold in field was control at 71.2% and treatment of 500 dilution fold was control at 64.4% and treatment of 1000 dilution fold was control at 40.7%. Storage control value of Jabong in $25^{\circ}C$ after treatment in field is 61.7% at 250 dilution fold, 62.8% at 500 dilution fold, 40.9% at 1000 dilution fold treatment.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.280-286
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• 2016

This study was conducted to evaluate the growth characteristics and dry matter yields of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam., IRG) cultivars for three years (2011~2013). The cold-resistance of domestic cultivars was stronger than other foreign varieties. Among early-maturing cultivars, dry matter (DM) yield of 'Kowinearly' was significantly higher (8,751 kg/ha) than other cultivars (p<0.05). In medium-maturing cultivars, DM yield of 'Kowinmaster' and 'Tam 90' was 9,394 and 7,461 kg/ha, respectively. Of the two, the former's DM yield was higher than the latter's (p<0.05). Among late-maturing cultivars, DM yield of 'Hwasan 104' (9,809 kg/ha) was similar to 'Hwasan 101' (9,354 kg/ha), but significantly higher than the other late-maturing cultivars (p<0.05). According to the results obtained from present study, early-maturing cultivars with cold-tolerance and high productivity is required for the paddy field cultivation of an Italian ryegrass cultivar after rice harvest in Cheonan region. Medium- and late-maturing cultivars are more advantageous for the dry field cultivation of the maximum quantity that is possible. In conclusion, to select which cultivar/s to grow, the climate of the growing area, weather conditions, and the cropping system must all be considered.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.spc1
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• pp.25-29
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate physiochemical properties and factors related with eating quality in the rice and paddy rice with different storage methods. As storage period was longer and temperature was higher, the b values of chromaticity and degree of fatty acid were increased, and the b value of room temp. was higher than that of low temp. In the varieties, the b value of Samcheonbyeo was the highest among varieties. also b value of Gancheokbyeo and Sae-gyehwabyeo were more increased than those of Dongjinbyeo and Hojinbyeo. Toyo meter values were significantly different according to storage temperature and period. Toyo meter values in storage of low temp. small decreased from 8 month after storages and that of loom temp. was severe decreased from 2 month after storages. In storage of low temp, Toyo meter values in storage of low temp. $(5{\sim}10^{\circ}C)$ was the lowest, and those of the early varieties were the most decreased. Degree of fatty acid of brown rice was increased from 2 month after storages and those of low temp. was severe increased. So, they made rice quality and eating quality to be deteriorated.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 2010

This experiment was carried out to know the possibility for cultivation of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) by spring seeding in Grassland and Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan from 2007 to 2008. In spring seeding cultivation, heading date of early maturity variety, 'Kospeed', was on 14 May, but late maturity variety, 'Hwasan 101', was not heading up to harvesting date. Dry matter yield of 'Kospeed' (6,819 kg/ha) was higher than that of 'Hwasan 101' (4,409 kg/ha) by 55%. Crude protein (CP) and total digestible nutrients(TDN) of 'Kospeed' were 15.6% and 62.1%, respectively and that of 'Hwasan 101' were 20.3%, and 67.5%. In these result, when cultivation of Italian ryegrass by spring seeding, selection of early maturity variety have a decided advantage for high productivity.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.193-201
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• 2014

We investigated the effect of preharvest spray of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) on the fruit quality and incidence of physiological disorders during shelf-life of 'Hanareum' and 'Wonhwang' pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai). AVG applications (0, 75, 150 and $300mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) made 30 days before anticipated harvest of respective cultivar. AVG did not influence the fruit development and quality parameters including starch content, soluble solids and acidity at harvest time in two pear cultivars although the flesh firmness of the fruits treated with $300mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ AVG were higher than that of control in 'Hanareum' pear. Among the three AVG concentrations, only $300mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ AVG showed effectiveness on maintaining flesh firmness in 'Hanareum' pear during shelf-life. Meanwhile, competitive high flesh firmness was attained in 'Wonhwang' pear treated with $150mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ AVG (27.7 N) and $300mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ AVG (28.2 N) when compared with untreated control (17.8 N) during 21 days of shelf-life at $25^{\circ}C$. AVG did not cause any significant difference at skin color development relative to control in two pear cultivars. AVG decreased ethylene production and respiration rate at $300mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ level in two pear cultivars during the entire shelf-life. During shelf-life, low incidence of physiological disorders including internal and core browning and mealiness were attained in the fruits treated at $300mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ AVG in two cultivars when we compared with the untreated control.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.297-302
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• 2015

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the agronomic characteristics and forage production of Italian ryegrass cultivars at three locations (Gurae, Sungju and Cheonan) from 2013 to 2014. The experiment employed a randomized complete block design with three replications. The seven cultivars used in this experiment were 'Korwinearly', 'Florida80', 'YounbongI', 'YounbongII', 'YounbongIII', 'KeimyungI' and 'KeimyungII' varieties. Italian ryegrass varieties were seeded on October 4 at Gurae, October 8 at Seongju and October 3 at Cheonan in 2013. The Italian ryegrass varieties were harvested on April 26 at Gurae and Seongju, and on April 24 at Cheonan in 2014. Although the seven cultivars had resistance to foliar diseases and insects and high winter survival, they has little lodging resistance. The heading dates for 'Younbong I', 'Younbong II' and 'Keimyung I' were earlier than for other varieties at the three locations. Dry matter (DM) content and plant height in the early maturing cultivars were higher than in other cultivars at the three locations. The fresh and DM yields of the early maturing cultivars were also higher than others at the three locations. The results of this experiment indicate that the heading date for early maturing cultivars is earlier, and the plant height is higher than for other cultivars. Early maturing cultivars had higher DM content as well as fresh and DM yields of Italian ryegrass. Therefore, early maturing cultivars should be recommended as high-yield forage in double-cropping systems because of their superior production of forage and early heading date.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2015

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the agronomic characteristics and forage productivity of Italian ryegrass cultivars in Yecheon, Kyeongbuk from 2011 to 2013. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Italian ryegrass cultivars were seeded on Sep. 26 in 2011 and Sep. 25 in 2012. The Italian ryegrass cultivars were harvested on the heading date of the variety. The cold-resistance of domestic cultivars was stronger than other foreign varieties. Among early-maturing cultivars, the dry matter (DM) yield of the "Kowinearly" was 10,031 kg/ha, which was significantly higher than that of other cultivars (p<0.05). In medium-maturing cultivars, the DM yield of the "Kowinmaster" and "Tam 90" were 10,484 and 8,191 kg/ha, respectively. Of the two, the former's DM yield was higher than the latter's (p<0.05). Among late-maturing cultivars, the DM yield of "Hwasan 104" was 10,641 kg/ha, which was similar to that of "Hwasan 101" and significantly higher than the other late-maturing cultivars (p<0.05). According to the results obtained from this study, an early-maturing variety with cold-tolerance and high productivity is required for the paddy field cultivation of an Italian ryegrass cultivar after rice harvest in the mid-northern region of Korea. A medium- or late-maturing variety is more advantageous for the field cultivation of the maximum quantity that is possible. In conclusion, to select which variety/ies to grow, the climate of the growing area, weather conditions, and the cropping system must all be considered.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.326-332
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• 2008

This study was conducted to evaluate an early-maturing rice cultivars adaptable to early transplanting cultivation in Yeongnam plain area. High temperature during the ripening stage of paddy rice under the early-transplanting cultivation in Yeongnam plain was to influence in several agronomic traits such as number of spikelet, ripening ratio, grain appearance of milled rice, and yield. 'Gounbyeo' and 'Junghwabyeo' were better than the others in grain appearance of milled rice and ripening ratio, but their yield potential were lower than that of the other varieties. Moreover, 'Gounbyeo' and 'Junghwabyeo' showed high ratio of broken rice. 'Unkwangbyeo' was the highest in yield and eating quality among the tested varieties, but also high percentage of white core and belly in milled rice. Therefore, in order to recommend those cultivars to farmers, it should be needed to establish an optimal cultivation method, such as transplanting density, fertilizer application, and harvesting time, etc. consequently, it should also be required to develop a new varieties with high ripening capability under high temperature condition.